Coupled Inductor Based High Step-Up DC-DC Converter for Multi Input PV SystemIJERA Editor
With the shortage of the energy and ever increasing of the oil price, research on the renewable and green energy
sources, especially the solar arrays and the fuel cells, becomes more and more important. How to achieve high
step-up and high efficiency DC/DC converters is the major consideration in the renewable power applications
due to the low voltage of PV arrays and fuel cells. In this paper a coupled inductor dc-dc converter for photovoltaic
system is proposed. The circuit configuration of the proposed converter is very simple. Thus, the
proposed converter has higher step-up and step-down voltage gains than the conventional bidirectional dc–dc
boost/buck converter. Under same electric specifications for the proposed converter and the conventional
bidirectional boost/buck converter, the average value of the switch current in the proposed converter is less than
the conventional bidirectional boost/buck converter. The operating principles have been applied to multi input
photovoltaic system and outputs have been observed.
A Novel High Step-Up DC–DC Converter for Hybrid Renewable Energy System appli...IJERD Editor
Large electric drives and utility applications require advanced power electronics converter to meet
the high power demands. As a result, power converter structure has been introduced as an alternative in high
power and medium voltage situations using Renewable energy sources (RES). This paper describes a new
DC/DC converter with safety, high efficiency and high step up capabilities. This converter is best suited for
Wind/Fuel cell(FC)based Induction Motor applications for pumping systems. The safety feature of this
converter makes it friendly for the farmers to use it for irrigation and agriculture usages. The converter achieves
high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio and low voltage stress on the power switches. Also, the
energy stored in the leakage inductor of the coupled inductor can be recycled to the output. The maximum
output voltage is determined by the number of the capacitors. The capacitors are charged in parallel and are
discharged in series by the coupled inductor, stacking on the output capacitor. Thus, the proposed converter can
achieve high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio and interfaced to induction motor through 9-level
inverter and also energy fed to grid system when no load operation. The simulation results are obtained using
MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Physical design and modeling of 25 v dc dc boost converter for stand alone so...ecij
As per the present development the shortage in powe
r all over the world seems to be abundance.
Renewable energy sources are the capable energy sou
rce along with the accessible resources of energy.
Among all the renewable resources of energy, solar
PV technology is most acceptable due to its
considerable advantage over other form of renewable
sources. Calculating the output of PV system is a
key
aspect. The main principle of this paper is to pres
ent physical modeling and simulation of solar PV sy
stem
and DC-DC boost converter in SIMSCAPE library of MA
TLAB. The benefit by SIMSCAPE library is that it
models the system physically and the outcome obtain
s from it will be considering all the physical resu
lt. In
this paper the output of solar cell has been interf
aced with the boost converter. The system model in
SIMSCAPE can be directly converted into hardware fo
r implement for actual time application
Coupled Inductor Based High Step-Up DC-DC Converter for Multi Input PV SystemIJERA Editor
With the shortage of the energy and ever increasing of the oil price, research on the renewable and green energy
sources, especially the solar arrays and the fuel cells, becomes more and more important. How to achieve high
step-up and high efficiency DC/DC converters is the major consideration in the renewable power applications
due to the low voltage of PV arrays and fuel cells. In this paper a coupled inductor dc-dc converter for photovoltaic
system is proposed. The circuit configuration of the proposed converter is very simple. Thus, the
proposed converter has higher step-up and step-down voltage gains than the conventional bidirectional dc–dc
boost/buck converter. Under same electric specifications for the proposed converter and the conventional
bidirectional boost/buck converter, the average value of the switch current in the proposed converter is less than
the conventional bidirectional boost/buck converter. The operating principles have been applied to multi input
photovoltaic system and outputs have been observed.
A Novel High Step-Up DC–DC Converter for Hybrid Renewable Energy System appli...IJERD Editor
Large electric drives and utility applications require advanced power electronics converter to meet
the high power demands. As a result, power converter structure has been introduced as an alternative in high
power and medium voltage situations using Renewable energy sources (RES). This paper describes a new
DC/DC converter with safety, high efficiency and high step up capabilities. This converter is best suited for
Wind/Fuel cell(FC)based Induction Motor applications for pumping systems. The safety feature of this
converter makes it friendly for the farmers to use it for irrigation and agriculture usages. The converter achieves
high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio and low voltage stress on the power switches. Also, the
energy stored in the leakage inductor of the coupled inductor can be recycled to the output. The maximum
output voltage is determined by the number of the capacitors. The capacitors are charged in parallel and are
discharged in series by the coupled inductor, stacking on the output capacitor. Thus, the proposed converter can
achieve high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio and interfaced to induction motor through 9-level
inverter and also energy fed to grid system when no load operation. The simulation results are obtained using
MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Physical design and modeling of 25 v dc dc boost converter for stand alone so...ecij
As per the present development the shortage in powe
r all over the world seems to be abundance.
Renewable energy sources are the capable energy sou
rce along with the accessible resources of energy.
Among all the renewable resources of energy, solar
PV technology is most acceptable due to its
considerable advantage over other form of renewable
sources. Calculating the output of PV system is a
key
aspect. The main principle of this paper is to pres
ent physical modeling and simulation of solar PV sy
stem
and DC-DC boost converter in SIMSCAPE library of MA
TLAB. The benefit by SIMSCAPE library is that it
models the system physically and the outcome obtain
s from it will be considering all the physical resu
lt. In
this paper the output of solar cell has been interf
aced with the boost converter. The system model in
SIMSCAPE can be directly converted into hardware fo
r implement for actual time application
A novel high step up dcdc converter based on integrating coupled inductor and...LeMeniz Infotech
A novel high step up dcdc converter based on integrating coupled inductor and switched-capacitor techniques for renewable energy applications
Do Your Projects With Technology Experts...
To Get this projects Call : 9566355386 / 99625 88976
Visit : www.lemenizinfotech.com / www.ieeemaster.com
Mail : projects@lemenizinfotech.com
Design and Simulation of PV Based Two-Phase Interleaved Boost Converter IJMER
In this paper, simulation of PV based two phase interleaved boost converter has been
discussed. Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) serves several applications which require boost in output
voltage such as fuel cells, photovoltaic cells and batteries etc., because it has several advantages over
conventional DC-DC converters. The configuration of IBC comprises parallel combination of a number
of boost converters with same phase shift and switching frequency. This paper deals with the design of
two-phase IBC for a five level cascaded multilevel inverter (MLI). The source for each bridge of the MLI
has been modelled as PV. The simulation has been carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK
Distributed energy resources (DER) based micro grid and Nano-grid framework is most technically viable bottom-top approach to sustainably meet ever-increasing demand of rural and urban communities. Recently the growth of DC operative home appliances like mobile and lap top chargers, ovens and hair dryer’s etc. are increasing and therefore a DC/DC converter is an efficient way to meet the electricity need from the local DER and helps in improving the system efficiency. This paper presents simulation results of a buck boost converter, MPPT algorithm (P & O method) for solar PV module and closed loop PI control system for obtaining constant 12 V and 24 V DC output voltage at DC bus. The proposed methodology is to extract maximum DC power from solar PV system and it is directly fed to DC load or DC Nano grid.
Dc-Dc boost converter topologies and MPPT techniques for Grid connected PV sy...rameshwar meena
1. Modeling of Dc-Dc boost converter in MATLAB Simulink.
2. MATLAB Simulink of P&O techniques and Incremental conductance.
3. Ac grid connected to solar PV array via dc-dc boost converter and Dc-Ac converter.
Incremental Conductance MPPT Algorithm for PV System Implemented Using DC-DC ...IJERA Editor
The two basic topologies of switch mode DC-DC converters (Buck and Boost) are analyzed with a view of their use in PV (photovoltaic) systems, as the photovoltaic generator exhibits non-linear characteristics due to the change in environmental condition and load variation. As the efficiency of PV panels is low it becomes mandatory to extract maximum power from the PV panel at a given period of time. Several MPPT algorithms with different types of converters are being proposed for extracting maximum power from the PV panel. It is found that the nature of load plays an important role in the choice of topology. This paper investigates the implementation issues of Incremental Conductance method with Buck and Boost Converters. Mathematical analysis and desirable steady-state operating point of the converters are derived to give satisfactory maximum power point tracking operation.
here dc-dc boost converter designed in MATLAB Simulink and MPPT controller designed in 2 methods(P&O and incremental conductance).
finally, I connect it to Ac grid via the Dc-Ac converter.
this entire system called grid-connected PV system.
Design Of Charge Controller Using MPPT AlgorithmIJRES Journal
Recently non-conventional sources are in huge demand than the conventional sources of energy. Solar energy, though it is in great demand but it has low efficiency. So, to increase the efficiency of the system, we need to find the exact MPP. For this we employ a tracker called MPPT. The main aim will be to track the maximum power from the photovoltaic and feed the extracted power to the load via buck-boost converter. The purpose of this converter is to maintain the required voltage magnitude necessary for the load. In this paper, I have used P&O Algorithm to get the maximum power point and for efficiently designing the charge controller.
Enhanced MPPT Technique For DC-DC Luo Converter Using Model Predictive Contro...IJERD Editor
The present study explored an enhanced maximum power point tracking technique which ensures fast tracking in PV systems. This system represents a Model Predictive Control (MPC) MPPT technique. Extracting the maximum power from PV systems has been widely investigated. The main benefaction of this article is an improvement of the Perturb and Observe (P&O) method through a fixed step predictive control under measured fast solar radiation. The preferred predictive control to achieve Maximum Power Point (MPP) speeds up the control loop since it predicts error before the switching signal is applied to the DC-DC Luo converter. Comparing the improved technique to the conventional P&O method indicates significant improvement in PV system performance. The proposed MPC-MPPT technique for a Luo converter is implemented using the MAT LAB SIMULINK
Real Time Implementation of Variable Step Size Based P&O MPPT for PV Systems ...IJPEDS-IAES
Nowadays Solar energy is an important energy source due to the energy crisis and environment pollution. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm improves the utilization efficiency of a photovoltaic systems. In this paper an improved P&O MPPT algorithm is developed and simulated using MATLAB / SIMULINK to control the DC/DC buck converter. The obtained simulink model is also verified using dspace tool. Both the simulated and experimental results are validated by also comparing them with conventional MPPT methods. The performance measures show the increase in the efficiency of PV system by the proposed model.
Fuzzy logic based MPPT technique for a single phase Grid connected PV system ...THOKALA SOWMYA
In the proposed paper power generation from photovoltaic array is used to connect the grid. DFCM
Inverter control with PSPWM technique is used in order to control active and reactive power injected into grid. FLC
MPPT technique is proposed for maximum power point tracking and is compared with Constant voltage MPPT
technique. The simulation results of proposed system and Constant voltage MPPT technique are compared by using
MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
This project proposes a simplified PV module simulator with MPPT. The PV model is designed in Matlab/Simulink based on various mathematical equations. This paper explains the use of MPPT technique in a photovoltaic system. The MPPT is implemented by incremental conductance or perturbation and observation methods. The overall system is designed, developed and validated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A novel high step up dcdc converter based on integrating coupled inductor and...LeMeniz Infotech
A novel high step up dcdc converter based on integrating coupled inductor and switched-capacitor techniques for renewable energy applications
Do Your Projects With Technology Experts...
To Get this projects Call : 9566355386 / 99625 88976
Visit : www.lemenizinfotech.com / www.ieeemaster.com
Mail : projects@lemenizinfotech.com
Design and Simulation of PV Based Two-Phase Interleaved Boost Converter IJMER
In this paper, simulation of PV based two phase interleaved boost converter has been
discussed. Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) serves several applications which require boost in output
voltage such as fuel cells, photovoltaic cells and batteries etc., because it has several advantages over
conventional DC-DC converters. The configuration of IBC comprises parallel combination of a number
of boost converters with same phase shift and switching frequency. This paper deals with the design of
two-phase IBC for a five level cascaded multilevel inverter (MLI). The source for each bridge of the MLI
has been modelled as PV. The simulation has been carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK
Distributed energy resources (DER) based micro grid and Nano-grid framework is most technically viable bottom-top approach to sustainably meet ever-increasing demand of rural and urban communities. Recently the growth of DC operative home appliances like mobile and lap top chargers, ovens and hair dryer’s etc. are increasing and therefore a DC/DC converter is an efficient way to meet the electricity need from the local DER and helps in improving the system efficiency. This paper presents simulation results of a buck boost converter, MPPT algorithm (P & O method) for solar PV module and closed loop PI control system for obtaining constant 12 V and 24 V DC output voltage at DC bus. The proposed methodology is to extract maximum DC power from solar PV system and it is directly fed to DC load or DC Nano grid.
Dc-Dc boost converter topologies and MPPT techniques for Grid connected PV sy...rameshwar meena
1. Modeling of Dc-Dc boost converter in MATLAB Simulink.
2. MATLAB Simulink of P&O techniques and Incremental conductance.
3. Ac grid connected to solar PV array via dc-dc boost converter and Dc-Ac converter.
Incremental Conductance MPPT Algorithm for PV System Implemented Using DC-DC ...IJERA Editor
The two basic topologies of switch mode DC-DC converters (Buck and Boost) are analyzed with a view of their use in PV (photovoltaic) systems, as the photovoltaic generator exhibits non-linear characteristics due to the change in environmental condition and load variation. As the efficiency of PV panels is low it becomes mandatory to extract maximum power from the PV panel at a given period of time. Several MPPT algorithms with different types of converters are being proposed for extracting maximum power from the PV panel. It is found that the nature of load plays an important role in the choice of topology. This paper investigates the implementation issues of Incremental Conductance method with Buck and Boost Converters. Mathematical analysis and desirable steady-state operating point of the converters are derived to give satisfactory maximum power point tracking operation.
here dc-dc boost converter designed in MATLAB Simulink and MPPT controller designed in 2 methods(P&O and incremental conductance).
finally, I connect it to Ac grid via the Dc-Ac converter.
this entire system called grid-connected PV system.
Design Of Charge Controller Using MPPT AlgorithmIJRES Journal
Recently non-conventional sources are in huge demand than the conventional sources of energy. Solar energy, though it is in great demand but it has low efficiency. So, to increase the efficiency of the system, we need to find the exact MPP. For this we employ a tracker called MPPT. The main aim will be to track the maximum power from the photovoltaic and feed the extracted power to the load via buck-boost converter. The purpose of this converter is to maintain the required voltage magnitude necessary for the load. In this paper, I have used P&O Algorithm to get the maximum power point and for efficiently designing the charge controller.
Enhanced MPPT Technique For DC-DC Luo Converter Using Model Predictive Contro...IJERD Editor
The present study explored an enhanced maximum power point tracking technique which ensures fast tracking in PV systems. This system represents a Model Predictive Control (MPC) MPPT technique. Extracting the maximum power from PV systems has been widely investigated. The main benefaction of this article is an improvement of the Perturb and Observe (P&O) method through a fixed step predictive control under measured fast solar radiation. The preferred predictive control to achieve Maximum Power Point (MPP) speeds up the control loop since it predicts error before the switching signal is applied to the DC-DC Luo converter. Comparing the improved technique to the conventional P&O method indicates significant improvement in PV system performance. The proposed MPC-MPPT technique for a Luo converter is implemented using the MAT LAB SIMULINK
Real Time Implementation of Variable Step Size Based P&O MPPT for PV Systems ...IJPEDS-IAES
Nowadays Solar energy is an important energy source due to the energy crisis and environment pollution. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm improves the utilization efficiency of a photovoltaic systems. In this paper an improved P&O MPPT algorithm is developed and simulated using MATLAB / SIMULINK to control the DC/DC buck converter. The obtained simulink model is also verified using dspace tool. Both the simulated and experimental results are validated by also comparing them with conventional MPPT methods. The performance measures show the increase in the efficiency of PV system by the proposed model.
Fuzzy logic based MPPT technique for a single phase Grid connected PV system ...THOKALA SOWMYA
In the proposed paper power generation from photovoltaic array is used to connect the grid. DFCM
Inverter control with PSPWM technique is used in order to control active and reactive power injected into grid. FLC
MPPT technique is proposed for maximum power point tracking and is compared with Constant voltage MPPT
technique. The simulation results of proposed system and Constant voltage MPPT technique are compared by using
MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
This project proposes a simplified PV module simulator with MPPT. The PV model is designed in Matlab/Simulink based on various mathematical equations. This paper explains the use of MPPT technique in a photovoltaic system. The MPPT is implemented by incremental conductance or perturbation and observation methods. The overall system is designed, developed and validated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
High step up interleaved forward-flyback boost converter with three-winding c...LeMeniz Infotech
High step up interleaved forward-flyback boost converter with three-winding coupled inductors
To Get this projects Call : 9566355386 / 99625 88976
Visit : www.lemenizinfotech.com / www.ieeemaster.com
Mail : projects@lemenizinfotech.com
latest 2014-15 ieee projects for eee, power electronics and power systemsAsoka Technologies
ACADEMIC MATLAB SIMULATION 2013/14/15 PROJECTS FOR
• ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICs ENGINEERING[EEE]
• POWER ELECTRONICs AND DRIVES[PED]
• POWER SYSTEMS[PS]….
We Can also Develop Your Own Ideas and Your IEEE Papers
With Extension also…
We also write papers for your projects and give guidance for paper publishing.
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Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are zero emission and run on compressed hydrogen fed into a fuel cell "stack" that produces electricity to power the vehicle. A fuel cell can be used in combination with an electric motor to drive a vehicle – quietly, powerfully and cleanly.
A Prototype model of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Based Nine Level Cascaded Multilevel Inverter is to be designed and Implemented to produce AC output voltage of desired magnitude and frequency.
A Novel Three Phase Multi-string Multilevel Inverter with High DC-DC Closed o...rnvsubbarao koppineni
this inverter reduces
number power devices and high performances.
Before this inverter provide a high step up DC-DC
converter with PI controller for better conversion
efficiency and to improve the output dc voltage of
varies renewable energy sources. This multi-string
multilevel inverter consists of six switches only
instead of eight switches in cascaded H-bridge
multilevel inverter in order to reduce conversion
losses. The main objective of this paper is to save
cost and size by removing any kind of transformer
as well as reducing the power devices
Fuzzy based control of Transformer less Coupled inductor based DC-DC converterIJERA Editor
Most of the industrial applications use any one of the basic DC-DC converter configurations namely buck,
boost, buck–boost, and Cuk converters. These converters are non-isolating converters. Buck-boost converters
use inductors for storing energy from the source and release the same to load or output. This results in high
stress across magnetic components. This drawback restricts usage of buck-boost converters to low power
applications. Flyback converters popularly have known as buck-boost converters uses transformers for
achieving wide range of step down and step up voltages. Coupled inductor based converters or tapped inductor
based converters are used for achieving wide input – wide output conversion ratios. Coherent transition between
step-down and step-up modes is achieved by a proper control scheme. This paper proposes fuzzy logic based
closed loop control scheme for control of converter switches. Theoretical derivations of control parameters with
their membership values, mamdani based rules for development of fuzzy rules and simulation results of a
coupled inductor based DC-DC converter using MATLAB / SIMULINK are concluded.
Design and implementation a novel single switch high gain DC-DC converter ba...IJECEIAES
A novel high-gain and high-efficiency direct current to direct current
(DC-DC) converter is introduced in this paper. The presented converter is suitable for low-voltage renewable energy resources such as photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC). The existence of series inductance with the input source ensures continuous and low-ramp input current, which is important for extracting maximum power from resources. Using coupled inductor technology and an intermediate capacitor in the suggested converter leads to a high gain voltage. In the presented topology for recovering energy from the leakage inductor, reducing voltage stress on the power switch, and so decreasing overall converter losses, a passive clamp circuit is used. The suitable operation range of duty cycle in the converter, besides the leakage inductor, decreases the problem of reverse recovery in diodes. The low value of the leakage inductor and the low volume and cost of the proposed converter are due to the low turn ratio of the coupled inductor. Details of the operation principles of the proposed converter have been discussed in this paper. The presented simulation and laboratory prototype results verify the theoretical analysis and performance of the suggested topology.
Universal demand for power increases due to continuous development to fulfil all these demand. Resources
are used with optimization. A high efficiency and high power factor converters are the major parts of energy
transfer system. This paper present a general review on single stage forward and flyback converter topologies to get
better its performance. This is paper presents a kind general idea of increasing efficiency and power factor of single
stage forward and fly back converter.
A Novel Integrated AC-DC Five Level Converter Strategy for Power Factor Corre...IJMTST Journal
Multilevel configuration has the advantage of its simplicity and modularity over the configurations of the other converters. With the application of multilevel converter in the high voltage and large power occasions in recent years, its modulation strategy has become a research hot point in the field of power electronics. The proposed power-factor-correction circuit can achieve unity power factor and ripple-free input current using a coupled inductor. The proposed rectifier can also produce input currents that do not have dead band regions and an output current that is continuous for all load conditions. The features of this converter are that it has lower input section peak current stresses and a better harmonic content than similar converter with a non-interleaved output, the output current is continuous for all load ranges, and the dc bus voltage is less than 450 for all line and load conditions. In this paper, the operation of the new converter is explained, its steady-state characteristics are determined by analysis, and these characteristics are used to develop a procedure for the design of the converter. Hence the simulation results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The proposed system provides a closed loop control for variable output voltage. The SSPFC AC/DC converter can operate with lower peak voltage stresses across the switches and the DC bus capacitors as it is a three-level converter. The proposed concept can be implemented with 5-level for efficient output voltage.
Basic MOSFET Based vs Couple-Coils Boost Converters for Photovoltaic GeneratorsIJPEDS-IAES
Considering the optimization of a photovoltaic system, several studies show the advantage in the choice of a distributed structure. For such structures small power converters such as the boosts and buck converters appear as most appropriate. We have analysed the efficiency of small power boost- converters especially dedicated for photovoltaic energy conversion systems working in the middle and high voltage ranges. The setup studied is a photovoltaic generator connected to an AC grid working in 230 Volts via an inverter. Moreover, we considered the possibility of multiple electrical energy sources as photovoltaic, wind systems in the same energy production system, which obliged an adaptive converter structure. We evaluated the losses in the various stages of a boost converter and point out the importance of the power MOSFET used as the commutation element. New transistors databases obtained from manufacturers show the nonlinear dependency between the resistance drain-source when passing, Rdson and the maximum rating voltage when the transistor is off, Vdsmax, for all transistor families. Thus nonlinear dependency induces a huge increase of losses with the voltage in the MOSFET, and as a direct consequence in the converter the more as Vdsmax is higher. In order to minimize losses of the converter we have designed and realized a new high efficiency version of a Step-Up structure based on a commutation element integrating a low Vdsmax voltage MOSFET and very low Rdson.
This paper presents the simulation design of dc/dc interleaved boost converter with zero-voltage switching (ZVS). By employin the interleaved structure, the input current stresses to switching devices were reduced and this signified to a switching conduction loss reduction. All the parameters had been calculated theoretically. The proposed converter circuit was simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink and PSpice software programmes. The converter circuit model, with specifications of output power of 200 W, input voltage range from 10~60 V, and operates at 100 kHz switching frequency was simulated to validate the designed parameters. The results showed that the main switches of the model converter circuit achieved ZVS conditions during the interleaving operation. Consequently, the switching losses in the main switching devices were reduced. Thus, the proposed converter circuit model offers advantages of input current stress and switching loss reductions. Hence, based on the designed parameters and results, the converter model can be extended for hardware implementation.
Modeling Of Converter “Single Phase to Three Phase by Using Single Phase Sup...IJMER
In Industrial application, two form of Electrical Energy is used. Direct current (DC) form and
Alternative current (AC) form. In this paper single phase to three phase converter model is developed
with the help of SIMULINK tool box of the MATLAB software. First of all single phase AC power is
converted into DC power using diode rectifier bridge after this DC power is converted into three phase
AC power with the help of three arms IGBT Inverter bridge. After the three phase conversion Three
phase Induction Motor is run. They are ideal for future workshops, small industry, large building. Using
the simulation result output of the model can be varied as per requirement of the applications.
Analysis of Fuel Cell Based Multilevel DC-DC Boost Converter for Induction MotorIJMTST Journal
In this paper new topologies and interleaving modulation concepts for multilevel DC-DC boost converter
enabling a significantly less loss and a reduced chip size of the power semiconductors are proposed. The
distributed generation (DG) systems based on the renewable energy sources have rapidly developed in
recent years. These DG systems are powered by micro sources such as fuel cells, photovoltaic (PV) systems,
and batteries. Fuel cells are considered to be one of the most promising sources of distributed energy because
of their high efficiency, low environmental impact and scalability. Non-isolated high step-up DC-DC
converters are required in the industrial applications. Many of these conventional DC–DC converters have the
disadvantages of operating at high duty-cycle, high switch voltage stress and high diode peak current. A
three-level step up converter is implemented to boost the fuel cell stack voltage of 96V to 340V. The proposed
converter consists a system of fuel cell based Multilevel DC-DC converter with PI controller is modeled and
simulated by using Matlab/Simulink.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
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Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
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While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
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The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
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Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
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Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
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Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
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National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
155 iit bomby
1. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFT
SWITCHED HIGH GAIN CURRENT FED FULL
BRIDGE DC-DC CONVERTER FOR FUEL CELL
APPLICATIONS
Members
D Elangovan
Asst.Prof (Senior)
Siddhartha Nigam
UG Student
Dr.R.Saravanakumar
Professor
Dr.D.P.Kothari
Professor
School of Electrical Engineering , VIT University ,Vellore
2. BACKGROUND TO THE RESEARCH
Recently, green power concept has potentially attracted the attention of researchers,
industries as well as common men.
With the concept of smart grid, smart meters and smart buildings, alternative energy sources
are getting increasingly importance
The alternative energy sources cannot be used as such as they provide unregulated electric
power.
A power electronics interface is required to convert power from alternative energy sources
into usable power for several applications including grid-interface, vehicles, residential or
standalone load applications
3. BACKGROUND TO THE RESEARCH
Among fuel cells, wind & solar power, fuel cells are considered a potential and
capable candidate energy source as they can provide continuous power in all
seasons as long as the continuity of fuel supply is maintained.
Fuel cells are regarded as one option for a more environmentally friendly energy
market in the future.[1]
4. The main issues in power generation using fuel cell:
High efficiency during load operation
Large step-up ratio
Low input ripple current to increase the fuel cell lifetime.
Challenges:
Design and interfacing an efficient and low cost
power converter.
5. Literature Review
Boost Converter-The boost converter is one of
the most important non isolated converter
A
conventional boost converters are able to
achieve high step-up voltage gain in heavy duty
Vo
= Vdc / (1-D) where D is the duty ratio = Ton / T
6. Literature Review
With a very high duty ratio, the
output rectifier conducts for only a
very short time during each
switching cycle
Very narrow turnoff pulses
Serious output diode reverse
recovery problem
The switch-off loss due to the
rectifier diode will degrade the
efficiency
7. Literature Review
Topology : Interleaved boost – Non isolated
Ref.no
Journal
Topic
[2]
IEEE Trans.
Power
Electron,
Mar.2008
Voltage multiplier cells
applied to non-isolated
DC–DC converters
[3]
IEEE Trans.
Power
Electron,
Jul.2007
Interleaved
boost
converter for PFC front
end,”
IEEE
Int.
Symp. Power
Electron.
(ISIE), Jun.
2003
An interleaved boost
DC–DC converter with
large conversion ratio
[4]
Strengths
High
voltage
gain
without high duty ratio
diode reverse recovery
issues
weaknesses
Requires additional resonant
inductors to cope with the
diode
reverse
recovery
problem
8. Topology : Coupled Inductor
Ref.No
Journal
Topic
Strengths
[5]
IEEE
Trans.
Power
Electron,
Jul.2008
“A family of interleaved
DC–DC
converters
deduced from a basic
cell
with
coupled
inductors,”
[6]
IEEE Vehicle
Power
Propulsion
Conf. (VPPC),
Sep.2007
A novel high efficiency
high power interleaved
coupled-inductor boost
DC–DC converter for
hybrid and fuel cell
electric vehicle
Interleaved converter is an
attractive solution for high
voltage gain applications, but
it is complex and high cost
(two sets of power devices,
magnetic core & control
circuit)
IEEE
Trans.
Ind.
Electron,Feb.
2007
High-efficiency DC–DC
converter
with
high
voltage
gain
and
reduced switch stress,
[7]
diode reverse recovery
affects the overall efficiency
coupled inductor turns ratio
that allows to boost the output
voltage without high duty
ratio
weaknesses
Leakage inductance of the
coupled inductor affects the
efficiency
9. Topology : Coupled Inductor
Ref.No
Journal
Topic
[ 11 ]
IEEE Trans.
Power
Electron,
Jan.2003
“High-efficiency,
high
step-ip
DC–DC
converters,
[10]
IEE
Proc.
Electr. Power
Appl,
Mar. 2004
“Novel
high-efficiency
step-up converter
[9]
IEE
Proc.
Electr. Power
Appl,
Jul. 2005
“High-efficiency DC/DC
converter
with
high
voltage gain,
Strengths
weaknesses
Rectifier diode turnoff
current is limited by leakage
inductance of the coupled
inductor itself.
Additional clamping circuit is
necessary to circulate leakage
energy
10. Topology : Flyback Converter
Ref.no
Journal
Topic
[ 13 ]
IEEE Trans.
Power
Electron,
Nov.2011
High
Step-Up
Ratio
Flyback Converter With
Active Clamp and Voltage
Multiplier
Proc. IEEE
Appl. Power
Electron,
Jul.2006
A low power topology
derived from flyback
with active clamp based
on a very simple
transformer
IEEE Trans.
Power
Electron,
Nov.2005
Analysis, design and
implementation of an
active clamp flyback
converter
[15]
[17]
Strengths
High
voltage
gain
without high duty ratio
diode reverse recovery
issues
Combines Isolation with
soft commutation
weaknesses
Voltage stress across the
rectifier diode
Single winding carries a
current
Operates in discontinuous
mode
High off state voltage
core utilization
11. Topology : Half bridge DC-DC Converter
Ref.no
Journal
Topic
[ 18 ]
ELSEVIER
Interleaved soft-switched
active-clamped L–L type
current-fed
half-bridge
DC–DC converter for fuel
cell applications
International
Journal of
hydrogen energy
3 4 ( 2 0 0 9)
[19]
[20]
IEEE Trans.
Inds Electron,
Jan 2012
IEEE
Trans
ENERGY
CONVERSION
Jun. 2007
Analysis, Design and
Experimental Results of
Wide Range ZVS ActiveClamped
L-L
Type
Current-Fed
DC/DC
Converter for Fuel Cells to
Utility Interface
Fuel Cell Generation
System With a New Active
Clamping Current-Fed
Half-Bridge Converter
Strengths
weaknesses
High voltage gain
without high duty ratio
Output diode suffers from
reverse recovery problem.
Justified Current fed
topology is best for fuel
cell application
The isolation transformer
turns ration is high
High
compared
topologies
efficiency
to
other
12. Filling knowledge gap
Topology : Fullbridge DC-DC Converter
Ref.no
Journal
Topic
Strengths
[ 22 ]
IEEE
2012
Control Design of Currentfed Full-bridge Isolated
Dc/Dc Converter with
Active-clamp
High Power compared
with half bridge
[23]
[24]
IEEE Trans.
Power Electr,
Jan 2008
Current-fed
Full-bridge
Boost Converter with Zero
Current Switching for High
Voltage Applications
IEEE Trans.
Power Electr,
Mar 2007
Analysis & Implementation
of a High Efficiency,
Interleaved Current-Fed
Full Bridge Converter for
Fuel Cell System
High efficieny.
weaknesses
Output diode suffers from
reverse recovery problem.
The isolation transformer
turns ration is high
13. Conclusion
High voltage gain possible without high duty ratio
Leakage inductance energy is recycled using Clamping circuits
thereby reducing the switch voltage stress
Compact and Cost-effective power supplies with low losses and high
efficiency are major concern.
Our work focuses on reducing the size of power supplies and
maximizing the power density by introducing new Dc-Dc converter
26. Half-Wave Cockroft-Walton
Voltage Multiplier
OPTIMAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS
REFERENCE:Ioannis C. Kobougias and Emmanuel C. Tatakis (2010),
“Optimal Design of a Half-Wave Cockcroft–Walton Voltage Multiplier
With Minimum Total Capacitance”.
IEEE Trans. Power Electron., VOL. 25, NO. 9.
27. • The C-W VM circuit topology is an easy and an efficient way
of achieving a high voltage conversion ratio.
• Due to the AC impedance of the capacitors, there is a voltage
drop and a peak to peak ripple when the circuit is fully
loaded.
• Moreover, most of the C-W VM circuits are designed with
equal capacitances.
28. Choice of capacitance
• Thus, an optimized H-W C-W VM circuit design is chosen.
• There are 4 optimal design cases present for the V-M circuit present
Case 1:
C2i = C2i−1 = C (the classical case where all capacitors are equal)
Case 2:
C1=C2 = 2C and C2i = C2i−1 = C for i = 1 (case often found in the bibliography)
Case 3:
C2i = C2i−1 = (n + 1 − i)C
Case 4:
C2i = (n + 1 − i)C and C2i−1 = (n + 1 − i)2C
i : number of every stage
C : capacitance of the last stage, defined as base capacitance.
29. Case 3 can be characterized as the best choice among the four cases for an optimized
design of a H-W C-W VM, because it gives the desired output voltage with a nearly optimum
number of stages, a relatively small voltage ripple and the minimum total capacitance.
41. Conclusion
•The size of the transformer gets reduced and the
•Efficiency of the proposed method is more compared to the conventional
method
42. References
[1] Prasanna U R, Member, IEEE, and Akshay K Rathore, Member, IEEE ,” Analysis and Design of ZeroVoltage-Switching Current-Fed Isolated Full-Bridge Dc/Dc Converter” IEEE PEDS 2011, Singapore, 5 - 8
December 2011
Interleaved boost – Non isolated
[2] M. Prudente, L. L. Pfitscher, G. Emmendoerfer, E. F. Romaneli, and R. Gules, “Voltage multiplier cells
applied to non-isolated DC–DC converters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 871–887, Mar.2008
[3] Y. Jang and M. M. Jovanovic, “Interleaved boost converter with intrinsic voltage-doubler characteristic for
universal-line PFC front end,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1394–1401, Jul.2007.
[4] R. Gules, L. L. Pfitscher, and L. C. Franco, “An interleaved boost DC–DC converter with large conversion
ratio,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Power Electron. (ISIE), Jun. 2003, vol. 1, pp. 411–416
43. References
- Coupled Inductor
[5] W. Li and X. He, “A family of interleaved DC–DC converters deduced from a basic cell with windingcross-coupled inductors,” IEEE Trans.Power Electron., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 1791–1801, Jul. 2008.
[6] S.M. Dwari and L. Parsa, “A novel high efficiency high power interleaved coupled-inductor boost
DC–DC converter for hybrid and fuel cell electric vehicle,” in Proc. IEEE Vehicle Power Propulsion
Conf. (VPPC), Sep.2007, pp. 399–404
[7] R. J. Wai, C. Y. Lin, R. Y. Duan, and Y. R. Chang, “High-efficiency DC–DC converter with high
voltage gain and reduced switch stress,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 354–364,
Feb. 2007.
[8] T. J. Liang and K. C. Tseng, “Analysis of integrated boost-flyback step-up converter,” IEE Proc.
Electr. Power Appl., vol. 152, no. 2, pp. 217–225,Mar. 2005.
44. References
[9]
- Coupled Inductor
R. J. Wai and R. Y. Duan, “High-efficiency DC/DC converter with high voltage gain,” IEE Proc.
Electr. Power Appl., vol. 152, no. 4, pp. 793–802, Jul. 2005
[10] T. J. Liang and K. C. Tseng, “Novel high-efficiency step-up converter,”IEE Proc. Electr. Power
Appl., vol. 151, no. 2, pp. 182–190, Mar. 2004.
[11] Q. Zhao and F. C. Lee, “High-efficiency, high step-ip DC–DC converters,”IEEE Trans. Power
Electron., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 65–73, Jan. 2003.
45. References
- Flyback
[12] A. Bakkali, P. Alou, J. A. Oliver, and J. A. Cobos, “Average modeling and analysis of a flyback with
active clamp topology based on a very simple transformer,” in Proc. IEEE Appl. Power Electron.
Conf. (APEC), 2007,pp. 500–506
[13] Giorgio Spiazzi, , Paolo Mattavelli, and Alessandro Costabeber “High Step-Up Ratio Flyback
Converter With Active Clamp and Voltage Multiplier” IEEE Trans.on power Electronics,VOL. 26,
NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2011
46. References
1. B.R.Lin, K.Huang, and D.Wang, (2005) “Analysis and Implementation of Full
Bridge Converter with Current Doubler Rectifier ”, in IEEE Proceedings Electric
PowerApplications,Vol.152,No.5, pp.1193–1202.
2. Juergen Biela, Member, IEEE, Owe Badstuebner, Student Member, IEEE, and
JohannW. Kolar, Senior Member, IEEE (2009),“Impact of Power Density
Maximization on Efficiency of DC–DC Converter Systems” , IEEE Ttransactions
on Power electronics, Vol. 24, No. 1.
3. Tereň, A., Feňo, I., Špánik, P (2001), “DC/DC Converters with Soft (ZVS)
Switching.” In Conf. Proc. ELEKTRO 2001, section -Electrical Engineering.
Zilina, pp. 82-90,
4. Y. Jiang, Z. Chen, J. Pan, X.I Zhao, and P. Lee (2008) , “A novel phase-shift fullbridge converter with voltage-doubler and decoupling integrated magnetics in
47. References
6. Ioannis C. Kobougias and Emmanuel C. Tatakis (2010), “Optimal Design of a
Half-Wave Cockcroft–Walton Voltage Multiplier With Minimum Total
Capacitance”. IEEE Trans. Power Electron., VOL. 25, NO. 9.
7. M. Prudente, L. L. Pfitscher, G. Emmendoerfer, E. F. Romaneli, and R. Gules
(2008), “Voltage multiplier cells applied to non-isolated DC-DC converters,”
IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 871–887.
8. J. M. Kwon and B. H. Kwon (2009), “High step-up active-clamp converter with
input-current doubler and output-voltage doubler for fuel cell power systems,”
IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 108–115.
9. Y. Hsieh, T.Hsueh, and H.Yen (2009), “An Interleaved boost converter with
zero-voltage transition, “ IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol.24, NO.4, pp.973978.
48. References
- Flyback
[14] P. Alou, O. Garc´ıa, J. A. Cobos, J. Uceda, and M. Rasc´on, “Flyback with active clamp: A suitable
topology for low power and very wide input voltage range applications,” in Proc. IEEE Appl. Power
Electron. Conf. (APEC), 2002, pp. 242–248.
[15] P. Alou, A. Bakkali, I. Barbero, J. A. Cobos, and M. Rascon, “A low power topology derived from
flyback with active clamp based on a very simple transformer,” in Proc. IEEE Appl. Power
Electron. Conf. (APEC), 2006, pp. 627–632.
.
[16] N. P. Papanikolaou and E. C. Tatakis, “Active voltage clamp in flyback converters operating in
CCM mode under wide load variation,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 632–640,
Jun. 2004.
[17] B. R. Lin, H. K. Chiang, K. C. Chen, and D. Wang, “Analysis, design and implementation of an
active clamp flyback converter,” in Proc. IEEE Power Electron. Drive Syst. (PEDS), 2005, pp. 424–
429.
49. References
- Halfbridge
[18] Akshay K. Rathore, Interleaved soft-switched active-clamped L–L type current-fed half-bridge DC–
DC converter for fuel cell applications, International journal of hydrogen energy 3 4 ( 2 0 0 9 )
page no 9 8 0 2 – 9 8 1 5
[19] Akshay K. Rathore, Ashoka K. S. Bhat and Ramesh Oruganti “Analysis, Design and Experimental
Results of Wide Range ZVS Active-Clamped L-L Type Current-Fed DC/DC Converter for Fuel
Cells to Utility Interface “IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 59, NO.
1, JANUARY 2012
.
[20] Su-Jin Jang, Chung-Yuen Won, Byoung-Kuk Lee, “Fuel Cell Generation System With a New
Active Clamping Current-Fed Half-Bridge Converter”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY
CONVERSION, VOL. 22, NO. 2, JUNE 2007
[21] S.-K. Han, H.-K. Youn, G.-W. Moon, M.-J. Youn, and Y.-H. Kim, “A new active clamping zerovoltage switching PWM current-fed half-bridge converter,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 20, no.
6, pp. 1271–1279, Nov.2005.