This document summarizes a presentation given at ICAER 2013 at IIT Bombay about classifying and generating energy from municipal solid waste in Kolkata, India. It discusses how waste is generated and composed, methods to recover recyclable materials, waste-to-energy techniques like incineration, and landfill precautions. Specifics included are that over 2469 metric tons of waste can be burned daily to generate over 54 megawatts of power, and integrated waste management is needed to reduce landfilling and reuse materials. The presentation outlines municipal waste issues in Kolkata and solutions for improved management and energy recovery.

1. ICAER 2013, IIT
BOMBAY
Classification and Energy Recovery from
Municipal Solid Waste, Generated by Greater
Metropolitan Regions of Kolkata, India
PRESENTED BY
S DAS
CO-AUTHOR:-
PROF B K BHATTACHARYYA
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BESU, SHIBPUR, HOWRAH-03

2. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
OUTLINE
 Introduction
Municipal solid waste generation
Composition of municipal solid waste
Recyclable waste recovery
 Waste – to – energy
Incineration process
 Precautions for Land filling
 Conclusions
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3. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
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4. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
Processing &
Treatment
Waste
Prevention
Disposal
Integrated
Solid Waste
Management
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5. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE GENERATION
Major Sources
1. Residential areas.
2. Commercial or market areas.
3. Offices.
4. Institutions.
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6. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
GENERATION RATE
Quantity in MetricTon
112740 113192
88332
FEB
121302
123905 122866
124925
116768
111359
87144
JAN
124111 117200
MAR
APRIL
MAY
JUN
JULY
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Monthly Generation
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7. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE
Road Swiping
Sources
House hold
Institute
Commercial and market
0
5
10
15
20
Percent Distribution
25
30
35
40
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8. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
COMPOSITION FACTORS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nature of local activities.
Food habits.
Cultural traditions.
Socio-economic factors.
Climatic conditions.
Seasons.
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9. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
3% 3%
< 1%
30%
45%
< 1%
5%
4%
3%
1%
4%
Food and vegetable
Glass and Ceramics
Garden and green Coconut
Paper
Textiles
Wood
Plastics
Construction and demolition
Metals
Other organic
Other inorganic
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10. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
RECYCLABLE WASTE RECOVERY
• Collection process of municipal solid waste.
• Segregation process of recyclable materials.
• Sorting of combustible waste.
• Separation of biodegradable waste.
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11. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
CONCEPTUAL MODEL
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12. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
QUANTITY OF SEGREGATED MATERIALS
50
Total
Ward No 33
Ward NO 47
Ward NO 64
Ward NO 103
Ward NO 110
Ward NO 115
Ward NO 130
Quantity in Metric Ton
40
30
20
10
0
August
September
October
November
Month
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13. RECYCLING PROCESS
ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
Segregated Solid Waste
Raw Materials
New Products
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14. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
RECYCLABLE ITEMS
19%
19%
6%
6%
4%
4%
6%
Paper
Cardboard
Metal
Coconut shells
Glass
Textiles
Leather
Rubber
Wood
Rigid plastic
Soft plastic
2%
4%
23%
6%
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15. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
WASTE – TO – ENERGY
• Pyrolysis.
• Gasification.
• Incineration.
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16. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
INCINERATION PLANT
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17. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
UNIT FUNCTIONS AND PROCESS
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18. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
WASTE PARAMETERS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY
SL.
NO
.
Sources
Waste Generation
(MT/d)
1
Commercial
and Market
1465.65
2
Institution
254.69
3
Household
1378.21
4
Street
Sweeping
918.81
Segregation
Parameter
Moisture <45%,
Organic >40%,
Fixed Carbon<15%,
Total Inert<35%,
Calorific value>1832
k-cal/kg
Combusti Total
ble (%) (MT/d)
70
100
75
2496
20
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19. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
ENERGY PRODUCTION
Total combustible waste quantity (W) = 2469 metric ton/ day.
Net calorific value (NCV) = 1832 k cal/kg = 7665 kJ/kg.
Energy recovery potential = W x NCV x 4.186 x 1000 / 3600
= 1.16 x NCV x W kWh
Power generation potential = 1.16 x NCV x W/ 24 kW
= 1.16 x 1832 x 2469 / 24
= 218621.72 kW
Ƞplant = 25%(urbanindia.nic.in)
Hence total power generation per day of operation = 218621.72 x 0.25 kW
= 54655.43 kW
= 54 MW
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20. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
PRECAUTIONS FOR LAND FILLING
 Minimizes the volume of waste for disposal.
 Ground water pollution.
 Proper lining and coverage of the landfill .
 Treating the leachate to remove heavy metals
before discharge.
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21. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
CONCLUSIONS
• Coupled with necessary legislative and control measures for
the success of this technology.
• The current costs still favour the landfill option of managing
the MSW.
• This technology reduce considerably the amount of land
consigned annually to landfilling.
• Effectively bridge between waste recycling, composting and
landfilling.
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22. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
REFERENCES
1.
Zaman, A. U. (2010) Comparative study of municipal solid waste treatme
nt technologies using life cycle assessment method, International Journal
of Environmental Science and Technology, 7 (2), pp. 225-234.
2.
Ruth, L. A. (1998) Energy from municipal solid waste: a comparison with
coal combustion technology, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 24, pp. 545564.
3.
http://urbanindia.nic.in/publicinfo/swm/chap15.pdf.
4.
Bovea, M.D., Fores, V. I., Gallardo, A., and Mendoza F.J. C. (2010)
Environmental
assessment
of
alternative
municipal
solid
waste
management strategies. A Spanish case study, Waste Management, 30, pp.
2383–2395.
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23. ICAER 2013, IIT BOMBAY
THANKS FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION
S DAS
PhD Scholar
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur
Howrah-711103
E-mail- swapan2009sajal@gmail.com
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