The document discusses pharmacological activities of bioactive compounds from longan fruit. It describes longan fruit and different extraction techniques used to obtain bioactive compounds, including conventional, ultrasonic-assisted, and high pressure-assisted extraction. It then discusses the nutritional and phytochemical compositions of longan fruit, including sugars, acids, amino acids, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids. Finally, it summarizes various pharmacological properties of longan fruit extracts, such as strong antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-glycated, and potential anticancer activities.

1. 131130 Hanwool Park
OBJECTIVE
Want to know pharmacological activities of bioactive compounds from longan fruit.

2. 1. Introduction
 Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.)
 Longan fruit ; a thin, leathery and indehiscent pericarp surrounding a
succulent edible aril with a large dark brown seed.
 The fruit is grown commercially in many countries
China and Thailand ; most commercial longan production
 carbohydrates, protein, fiber, fat, vitamin C, amino acids, and minerals.
 aril, pericarp and seed ; excellent antioxidant ability and good antityrosinase and anticancer activities

3. 2. Extraction of bioactive compounds
1. Conventional extraction
 traditional way of extracting bioactive compounds from plant tissues
 soxhlet extractor, magnetic stirrer, boiling, maceration, grinding and heat
reflux
 extraction technique depends largely on the type of solvents
 requires long extraction time with low extraction yield but high energy
consumption
2. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction
 Under the optimal conditions, 85% acidified ethanol with aid of
ultrasonication
3. High pressure-assisted extraction (HPE)
 works under a very high pressure ranging from 100 to 1000 Mpa
 an environment-friendly technology by the Food and Drug Administration

4. 3. Nutritional and phytochemical compositions
 The different nutritional
components for longan fruit may
occur across cultivars.
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Sugars
Malic and tartaric acids
Other organic acids
Amino acids
Volatile compounds
Phytochemicals
; chemical compounds that occur naturally in plants. The term is generally
used to refer to those chemicals that may have biological significance.
 Phenolic compounds ; gallic acid, corilagin, ellagic acid
 Fatty acids
antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase,
 Proteins
anti-glycated and anticancer activities

5. 4. Pharmacological properties
1. Antioxidant activity
High pressure-assisted extraction (HPE)
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UL)
Conventional extraction (C)
Butylated hydroxtoluene (BHT)
Fig. 1. Comparison of DPPH radical scavenging activity from
longan fruit pericarp after application of HPE, UE and CE. For
each treatment, the means in a row followed by different letters
were significantly different at the 5% level
Fig. 3. Comparison of lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity from
Fig. 2. Comparison of superoxide anion radical scavenging
longan fruit pericarp after pericarp after application of HPE, UE
activity from longan fruit application of HPE, UE and CE.
and CE.

6. 4. Pharmacological properties
2. Anti-tyrosinase activity
 Polysaccharides from longan fruit pericarp
 Strongly inhibit the tyrosinase activity
 Act as a noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme
3. Anti-glycated activity
 Glycation ; significant role in diabetic complications and normal aging
 Polysaccharides
good and stable antiglycated activity
4. Potential anticancer activity
 Polyphenol-rich longan seed extract
 Inhibited the proliferation of Colo 320DM, SW480 and HT-29
 Blocking cell cycle progression during the DNA synthesis phase and
inducing apoptotic death, reduced the expression of cyclin A…

7. 5. Other beneficial effects
 Traditional Chinese medicine formulation
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decrease the neural pain and swelling
anti-tyrosinase, anti-glycated and anticancer activities
antibacterial activity, anti-obesity, and antiviral properties
the information on other therapeutic uses of longan fruit is very
limited,

8. 6. Prospects
 Longan fruit contains
significant amounts of polyphenolic compounds
All of which could make significant contributions to human health.
However, possibly due to the presence of allergen
 The application of thermal processing can eliminate the allergenic
potency in longan fruit.
 cultivation area, longan functional foods reflecting the use of these
bioactive compounds should be increasingly developed in the future.