130907 paper study 준섭
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•250 views
Artemisinic acid inhibits melanogenesis in human melanocytes by reducing cholesterol synthesis. It decreases cholesterol content by downregulating the HMG CoA reductase gene, which is critical for cholesterol synthesis. Artemisinic acid treatment leads to downregulation of the C/EBP α gene, which mediates reduced expression of the HMG CoA reductase gene. This inhibition of cholesterol synthesis attenuates melanogenesis in human melanocytes.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Glycine metabolism
Glycine is an aliphatic amino acid which gives rise to many vital derivatives. This is a non-essential amino acid. This presentation is targeted for MBBS, MD, BDS and general Biochemistry students.
Complement pathway (mnemonic)
The document summarizes the complement system, its components, activation pathways, and functions. The complement system is a group of plasma proteins that enhance immunity. It consists of 11 main proteins that catalyze enzymatic reactions in three pathways: the classical pathway triggered by antibody-antigen complexes, the alternative pathway activated by bacterial surfaces, and the mannose-binding lectin pathway. The complement system opsonizes pathogens, releases anaphylatoxins, and forms the membrane attack complex to lyse bacteria cells. It also enhances antibody production and inflammation responses.
Journal Club LECTURE
Sumoylation of polyadenylation factors is required for proper 3' processing of pre-mRNA. The study found that:
1) Symplekin and CPSF-73, factors involved in 3' cleavage and polyadenylation, are modified by SUMO-3.
2) Lysine residues K229 and K351 on Symplekin are important for its sumoylation.
3) Inhibiting sumoylation, through Ubc9 knockdown, decreases both cleavage and polyadenylation of pre-mRNA.
4) Overexpression of the SUMO protease SENP2 also decreases cleavage and polyadenylation.
5) Sumoylation of polyadenylation factors is
Anticonvulsants
This document summarizes several anticonvulsant drugs, including their mechanisms of action and metabolic pathways. It discusses how primidone is metabolized to phenobarbital, how carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine are metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, and how gabapentin and pregabalin are not metabolized. It also provides information on the metabolic pathways and side effects of other anticonvulsants such as lamotrigine, topiramate, zonisamide, levetiracetam, tiagabine, ethosuximide, and vigabatrin. The document concludes by mentioning the uses and metabolic pathways of clonazepam,
adenosine monophosphate kinase
AAU students don't present this downloaders, you'ii be fucked-up ---- just kidding we were awesome presenting this
ubaidafzal018@gmail.com
This document discusses the biosynthesis of polyamines. It describes that putrescine is synthesized from arginine through two pathways, one involving arginine decarboxylase and the other involving ornithine decarboxylase. Spermidine is then synthesized from putrescine using decarboxylated S-adenosyl methionine. Spermine is synthesized from spermidine through the addition of another aminopropyl group. The excretion of polyamines, especially putrescine and spermidine, can be diagnostic for cancers and cell proliferation or destruction.
AMPK
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that acts as a cellular energy sensor. It is activated by increases in the AMP:ATP ratio caused by metabolic stresses that deplete ATP. When activated, AMPK works to switch on catabolic pathways that generate ATP while switching off ATP-consuming processes like biosynthesis. AMPK activation improves blood glucose and lipid levels, making it a promising target for treating diabetes and other metabolic disorders. AMPK regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas and hypothalamus.
Journal Club May09
This document discusses a study aiming to elucidate the mechanism by which the HDAC inhibitor Apicidin induces expression of the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which may lead to multidrug resistance. The study found that Apicidin treatment activated the PI3K pathway, leading to phosphorylation of the transcription factor SP1. Phosphorylated SP1 then signals chromatin remodeling and activation of the P-gp promoter. This occurred independently of changes in DNA methylation and required the Y-box and GC box regions of the promoter. Blocking the PI3K pathway prevented Apicidin-induced P-gp expression.
Recommended
Glycine metabolism
Glycine is an aliphatic amino acid which gives rise to many vital derivatives. This is a non-essential amino acid. This presentation is targeted for MBBS, MD, BDS and general Biochemistry students.
Complement pathway (mnemonic)
The document summarizes the complement system, its components, activation pathways, and functions. The complement system is a group of plasma proteins that enhance immunity. It consists of 11 main proteins that catalyze enzymatic reactions in three pathways: the classical pathway triggered by antibody-antigen complexes, the alternative pathway activated by bacterial surfaces, and the mannose-binding lectin pathway. The complement system opsonizes pathogens, releases anaphylatoxins, and forms the membrane attack complex to lyse bacteria cells. It also enhances antibody production and inflammation responses.
Journal Club LECTURE
Sumoylation of polyadenylation factors is required for proper 3' processing of pre-mRNA. The study found that:
1) Symplekin and CPSF-73, factors involved in 3' cleavage and polyadenylation, are modified by SUMO-3.
2) Lysine residues K229 and K351 on Symplekin are important for its sumoylation.
3) Inhibiting sumoylation, through Ubc9 knockdown, decreases both cleavage and polyadenylation of pre-mRNA.
4) Overexpression of the SUMO protease SENP2 also decreases cleavage and polyadenylation.
5) Sumoylation of polyadenylation factors is
Anticonvulsants
This document summarizes several anticonvulsant drugs, including their mechanisms of action and metabolic pathways. It discusses how primidone is metabolized to phenobarbital, how carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine are metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, and how gabapentin and pregabalin are not metabolized. It also provides information on the metabolic pathways and side effects of other anticonvulsants such as lamotrigine, topiramate, zonisamide, levetiracetam, tiagabine, ethosuximide, and vigabatrin. The document concludes by mentioning the uses and metabolic pathways of clonazepam,
adenosine monophosphate kinase
AAU students don't present this downloaders, you'ii be fucked-up ---- just kidding we were awesome presenting this
ubaidafzal018@gmail.com
This document discusses the biosynthesis of polyamines. It describes that putrescine is synthesized from arginine through two pathways, one involving arginine decarboxylase and the other involving ornithine decarboxylase. Spermidine is then synthesized from putrescine using decarboxylated S-adenosyl methionine. Spermine is synthesized from spermidine through the addition of another aminopropyl group. The excretion of polyamines, especially putrescine and spermidine, can be diagnostic for cancers and cell proliferation or destruction.
AMPK
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that acts as a cellular energy sensor. It is activated by increases in the AMP:ATP ratio caused by metabolic stresses that deplete ATP. When activated, AMPK works to switch on catabolic pathways that generate ATP while switching off ATP-consuming processes like biosynthesis. AMPK activation improves blood glucose and lipid levels, making it a promising target for treating diabetes and other metabolic disorders. AMPK regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas and hypothalamus.
Journal Club May09
This document discusses a study aiming to elucidate the mechanism by which the HDAC inhibitor Apicidin induces expression of the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which may lead to multidrug resistance. The study found that Apicidin treatment activated the PI3K pathway, leading to phosphorylation of the transcription factor SP1. Phosphorylated SP1 then signals chromatin remodeling and activation of the P-gp promoter. This occurred independently of changes in DNA methylation and required the Y-box and GC box regions of the promoter. Blocking the PI3K pathway prevented Apicidin-induced P-gp expression.
Plasma proteins
This document discusses plasma proteins and the differences between blood, plasma, and serum. It outlines the major plasma proteins including albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, transport proteins, immunoglobulins, and clotting factors. Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and serves important functions like maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting substances through the bloodstream. Globulins include alpha-1 proteins, alpha-2 proteins, and beta and gamma globulins which are involved in processes like iron transport, protease inhibition, and immunity. Acute phase proteins either increase or decrease during inflammatory responses.
Regulation in lac operon
The lac operon contains three genes - lacZ, lacY, and lacA - that encode proteins involved in lactose metabolism. The activity of the lac operon promoter is regulated by the Lac repressor and CAP proteins. Negative regulation occurs when the Lac repressor binds to the operator region and prevents RNA polymerase from binding and initiating transcription. Positive regulation happens when the CAP-cAMP complex binds near the promoter and stimulates RNA polymerase binding, increasing transcription. Together, these two types of regulation allow the lac operon to be turned on or off depending on the presence of lactose in the environment.
Thrombosis Class05[2]
Vitamin K is needed for blood clotting factor synthesis in the liver. Protamine forms an inactive complex with heparin to reverse its anticoagulant effects. Deficient clotting factors can be replaced through administration of fresh plasma or concentrated factors. Platelets change shape and aggregate in response to thromboxane A2 and other signals, which can be blocked by aspirin or dipyridamole. Abciximab prevents platelet aggregation by binding to the GPIIb/IIIa receptor. The fibrinolytic system dissolves clots using plasmin formed from plasminogen activation by tissue plasminogen activator or streptokinase.
LYSINE METABOLISM
Lysine is an essential amino acid that is predominantly ketogenic. It is basic and does not participate in transamination reactions. Lysine can be found in proteins in various forms like hydroxylysine, methyllysine, and acetyllysine which can be hydrolyzed to release free lysine. Methylated lysine residues are obtained from SAM and released during proteolysis. Trimethyllysine serves as a precursor for carnitine synthesis, which is involved in fatty acid transport to mitochondria for oxidation through a 4-step reaction. Lysine and hydroxylysine residues are important for collagen and elastin cross-linking through Schiff base formation.
Plasma protein composition and function
Plasma proteins have important functions including transport, osmotic regulation, catalytic functions, and protective functions. The major plasma proteins are albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen. Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and serves important roles such as transporting metabolites, maintaining colloid osmotic pressure, and buffering. Electrophoresis is used to separate plasma proteins into fractions including albumin, alpha-1-globulin, alpha-2-globulin, beta-globulin, and gamma-globulin. Abnormal protein levels can provide clues for various clinical diseases.
isoquinoline alkaloid ( berberine)
This document discusses the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine. It is extracted from several plant species and has yellow color and acidic properties. Berberine has many pharmacological effects due to its ability to activate the AMPK pathway. It can improve conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and cancer by increasing glucose and lipid metabolism. The document outlines berberine's properties, extraction process, pharmacological activities including antimicrobial effects, and potential clinical uses for conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
METABOLISM OF METHIONINE
Methionine is an amino acid( a building block of protein) hence cannot be produced by the body but only supplied by the diet.Although mammals cannot synthesize methionine, they can still use it in a variety of biochemical pathways:
Metabolism
Regeneration
Reverse-transulfurylation pathway: conversion to cysteine
Ethylene synthesis
ONE OF THESE ABOVE , ONLY METABOLISM IS DISCUSSED.
Complement System
DEFINITION
PROPERTIES
PATHWAYS
COMPLEMENT REGULATION
BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS
EVASION OF COMPLEMENT
COMPLEMENT DEFICIENCY DISORDERS
Metabolism of Acidic Amino Acids (Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Aspartic acid, As...
Glutamic acid can be synthesized from α-ketoglutarate and ammonia. It is involved in synthesizing other amino acids like glutamine, proline, and arginine. Glutamic acid also plays a role in glutathione synthesis, blood clotting, and as a neurotransmitter when decarboxylated to GABA. Aspartic acid can be synthesized from oxaloacetate and broken down through transamination. It is important in urea, purine, and pyrimidine synthesis. Both glutamic acid and aspartic acid can be converted to their amide forms glutamine and asparagine through reactions with ammonia and ATP. Glutamine serves as a transport
Peptide mapping
This document discusses peptide mapping, which involves enzymatically or chemically cleaving a protein into peptides and analyzing the peptides to identify the protein's primary structure. Peptide mapping is used to confirm identity, detect alterations, and ensure consistency for biopharmaceutical characterization. It involves four main steps - selectively cleaving peptide bonds, separating peptides chromatographically (often via RP-HPLC), analyzing and identifying peptides (usually via mass spectrometry), and comparing results to a reference standard to confirm identity. The document provides details on reagents, conditions, and parameters for each step of peptide mapping.
Plasma proteins class
This document discusses plasma proteins and their functions. Some key points:
- Plasma is the liquid component of blood that remains after red and white blood cells are removed by centrifugation. It makes up 55-60% of total blood volume.
- Serum is similar to plasma but lacks coagulation factors as it is produced when blood is allowed to clot.
- The main plasma proteins are albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen. Albumin maintains osmotic pressure while globulins are involved in transport and immunity.
- Electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis can separate plasma proteins based on their electrical charge and antigenic properties. Specific acute phase proteins increase during inflammation.
Pyrimidines
This document discusses nucleotides and their role in biological processes. It provides details on the synthesis of pyrimidines, specifically discussing how aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate are used to synthesize orotidine monophosphate (OMP), a precursor for uridine monophosphate (UMP). It also discusses how new pyrimidine derivatives that target Src kinases may be effective in treating medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Studies found these derivatives downregulated Src activity, reduced cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, and showed synergistic effects when combined with cisplatin and etoposide chemotherapy. The pyrimidine derivatives' lipophilic properties allow
Plasma Proteins For Therapeutic Use; An Introduction to Blood PLASMA & its Se...
An INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA & its Separation Methods;
what is Plasma & its composition, What does it do in the body, and Plasma Proteins as pharmaceutical crops
Imalek (Imatinib Mesylate Tablets)
Imalek (Imatinib Mesylate Tablets) is used to treat certain types of cancer (such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases) and blood problems.
Plasma proteins
The document discusses the proteins found in human plasma. It describes how plasma proteins can be separated into fractions including albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, and others. Specific plasma proteins are then discussed in more detail, including their structure, function, concentration in plasma, and clinical significance. Albumin, the most abundant plasma protein, is highlighted for its roles in maintaining colloidal osmotic pressure and transporting various substances through the bloodstream.
PLASMA PROTEINS
This document summarizes plasma proteins. It describes that plasma is the liquid portion of blood that remains after clotting or centrifugation. The major plasma proteins are albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen. Albumin is synthesized in the liver and serves important transport and homeostatic functions, while globulins include acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins. Several specific plasma proteins are also discussed in detail, including their structure, function, clinical significance, and role in conditions like Wilson's disease.
Proteins1
Albumin is the major protein found in blood plasma and helps maintain osmotic pressure between blood vessels and tissues. It also serves as a carrier for many substances. Low albumin levels can be caused by conditions that damage the liver like cirrhosis, or by issues that cause excessive protein loss from the kidneys, intestines or burns. Albumin is essential for fluid balance and transport throughout the body.
Biochemistry high yield part 1
The document provides an overview of topics in medical biochemistry including carbohydrate chemistry, lipid chemistry, proteins and amino acids, nucleic acids, enzymes, and lipid metabolism. Key points include the structures and properties of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Lipid structures such as fatty acids, phospholipids, and cholesterol are described. The basics of protein structure, amino acid chemistry, and nucleic acid structure are summarized. Enzyme kinetics concepts and classes of enzymes are covered. Finally, an overview of lipid metabolism and beta-oxidation is presented.
Carbapenems
antimicrobial agents , Thienamycin, Imipenem , Meropenem, Doripenem, Ertapenem,adverse effects, absolute stereochemistry of carbapenems,
Sorin_Tunaru PhD summary
Sorin Tunaru conducted research to identify and characterize the nicotinic acid receptor. He identified that the mouse Puma-G receptor and the human HM74a receptor are G-protein coupled receptors activated by nicotinic acid. Both receptors are expressed mainly in adipose tissue and immune cells. Experiments in mice lacking the Puma-G gene showed that it mediates the antilipolytic effect of nicotinic acid in vivo by inhibiting lipolysis in adipose tissue. Tunaru also characterized the binding pocket of the HM74a receptor for nicotinic acid and identified residues critical for binding. Through screening, he found a family of compounds that are selective agonists of the HM74 receptor but not the HM74
130824 paper study 준섭
Melanogenesis proceeds in three steps: production of cysteinyldopas, oxidation to pheomelanin, and production of eumelanin. Dopachrome tautomerase (Dct) catalyzes the tautomerization of dopachrome to increase the ratio of DHICA in eumelanin and eumelanin production. The initial production of cysteinyldopas and subsequent pheomelanin favors pheomelanogenesis over eumelanogenesis as long as cysteinyldopa levels remain high. The reactivity of o-quinones, which are highly reactive, chemically controls the early melanogenesis process.
131116 paper study 준섭
This document describes methods for stably transfecting cell lines to create new cell lines. It compares the calcium phosphate precipitation method, spontaneous transfection method, and lipofection method. It also details monitoring transfection efficiency by fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy. Results show the calcium phosphate method worked best for most cell lines tested except HeLa cells. Stable transfection of HeLa cells with a plasmid increased fluorescence over 21 days then plateaued. Plasmid DNA concentration did not correlate with fluorescence yield.
More Related Content
What's hot
Plasma proteins
This document discusses plasma proteins and the differences between blood, plasma, and serum. It outlines the major plasma proteins including albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, transport proteins, immunoglobulins, and clotting factors. Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and serves important functions like maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting substances through the bloodstream. Globulins include alpha-1 proteins, alpha-2 proteins, and beta and gamma globulins which are involved in processes like iron transport, protease inhibition, and immunity. Acute phase proteins either increase or decrease during inflammatory responses.
Regulation in lac operon
The lac operon contains three genes - lacZ, lacY, and lacA - that encode proteins involved in lactose metabolism. The activity of the lac operon promoter is regulated by the Lac repressor and CAP proteins. Negative regulation occurs when the Lac repressor binds to the operator region and prevents RNA polymerase from binding and initiating transcription. Positive regulation happens when the CAP-cAMP complex binds near the promoter and stimulates RNA polymerase binding, increasing transcription. Together, these two types of regulation allow the lac operon to be turned on or off depending on the presence of lactose in the environment.
Thrombosis Class05[2]
Vitamin K is needed for blood clotting factor synthesis in the liver. Protamine forms an inactive complex with heparin to reverse its anticoagulant effects. Deficient clotting factors can be replaced through administration of fresh plasma or concentrated factors. Platelets change shape and aggregate in response to thromboxane A2 and other signals, which can be blocked by aspirin or dipyridamole. Abciximab prevents platelet aggregation by binding to the GPIIb/IIIa receptor. The fibrinolytic system dissolves clots using plasmin formed from plasminogen activation by tissue plasminogen activator or streptokinase.
LYSINE METABOLISM
Lysine is an essential amino acid that is predominantly ketogenic. It is basic and does not participate in transamination reactions. Lysine can be found in proteins in various forms like hydroxylysine, methyllysine, and acetyllysine which can be hydrolyzed to release free lysine. Methylated lysine residues are obtained from SAM and released during proteolysis. Trimethyllysine serves as a precursor for carnitine synthesis, which is involved in fatty acid transport to mitochondria for oxidation through a 4-step reaction. Lysine and hydroxylysine residues are important for collagen and elastin cross-linking through Schiff base formation.
Plasma protein composition and function
Plasma proteins have important functions including transport, osmotic regulation, catalytic functions, and protective functions. The major plasma proteins are albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen. Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and serves important roles such as transporting metabolites, maintaining colloid osmotic pressure, and buffering. Electrophoresis is used to separate plasma proteins into fractions including albumin, alpha-1-globulin, alpha-2-globulin, beta-globulin, and gamma-globulin. Abnormal protein levels can provide clues for various clinical diseases.
isoquinoline alkaloid ( berberine)
This document discusses the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine. It is extracted from several plant species and has yellow color and acidic properties. Berberine has many pharmacological effects due to its ability to activate the AMPK pathway. It can improve conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and cancer by increasing glucose and lipid metabolism. The document outlines berberine's properties, extraction process, pharmacological activities including antimicrobial effects, and potential clinical uses for conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
METABOLISM OF METHIONINE
Methionine is an amino acid( a building block of protein) hence cannot be produced by the body but only supplied by the diet.Although mammals cannot synthesize methionine, they can still use it in a variety of biochemical pathways:
Metabolism
Regeneration
Reverse-transulfurylation pathway: conversion to cysteine
Ethylene synthesis
ONE OF THESE ABOVE , ONLY METABOLISM IS DISCUSSED.
Complement System
DEFINITION
PROPERTIES
PATHWAYS
COMPLEMENT REGULATION
BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS
EVASION OF COMPLEMENT
COMPLEMENT DEFICIENCY DISORDERS
Metabolism of Acidic Amino Acids (Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Aspartic acid, As...
Glutamic acid can be synthesized from α-ketoglutarate and ammonia. It is involved in synthesizing other amino acids like glutamine, proline, and arginine. Glutamic acid also plays a role in glutathione synthesis, blood clotting, and as a neurotransmitter when decarboxylated to GABA. Aspartic acid can be synthesized from oxaloacetate and broken down through transamination. It is important in urea, purine, and pyrimidine synthesis. Both glutamic acid and aspartic acid can be converted to their amide forms glutamine and asparagine through reactions with ammonia and ATP. Glutamine serves as a transport
Peptide mapping
This document discusses peptide mapping, which involves enzymatically or chemically cleaving a protein into peptides and analyzing the peptides to identify the protein's primary structure. Peptide mapping is used to confirm identity, detect alterations, and ensure consistency for biopharmaceutical characterization. It involves four main steps - selectively cleaving peptide bonds, separating peptides chromatographically (often via RP-HPLC), analyzing and identifying peptides (usually via mass spectrometry), and comparing results to a reference standard to confirm identity. The document provides details on reagents, conditions, and parameters for each step of peptide mapping.
Plasma proteins class
This document discusses plasma proteins and their functions. Some key points:
- Plasma is the liquid component of blood that remains after red and white blood cells are removed by centrifugation. It makes up 55-60% of total blood volume.
- Serum is similar to plasma but lacks coagulation factors as it is produced when blood is allowed to clot.
- The main plasma proteins are albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen. Albumin maintains osmotic pressure while globulins are involved in transport and immunity.
- Electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis can separate plasma proteins based on their electrical charge and antigenic properties. Specific acute phase proteins increase during inflammation.
Pyrimidines
This document discusses nucleotides and their role in biological processes. It provides details on the synthesis of pyrimidines, specifically discussing how aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate are used to synthesize orotidine monophosphate (OMP), a precursor for uridine monophosphate (UMP). It also discusses how new pyrimidine derivatives that target Src kinases may be effective in treating medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Studies found these derivatives downregulated Src activity, reduced cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, and showed synergistic effects when combined with cisplatin and etoposide chemotherapy. The pyrimidine derivatives' lipophilic properties allow
Plasma Proteins For Therapeutic Use; An Introduction to Blood PLASMA & its Se...
An INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA & its Separation Methods;
what is Plasma & its composition, What does it do in the body, and Plasma Proteins as pharmaceutical crops
Imalek (Imatinib Mesylate Tablets)
Imalek (Imatinib Mesylate Tablets) is used to treat certain types of cancer (such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases) and blood problems.
Plasma proteins
The document discusses the proteins found in human plasma. It describes how plasma proteins can be separated into fractions including albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, and others. Specific plasma proteins are then discussed in more detail, including their structure, function, concentration in plasma, and clinical significance. Albumin, the most abundant plasma protein, is highlighted for its roles in maintaining colloidal osmotic pressure and transporting various substances through the bloodstream.
PLASMA PROTEINS
This document summarizes plasma proteins. It describes that plasma is the liquid portion of blood that remains after clotting or centrifugation. The major plasma proteins are albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen. Albumin is synthesized in the liver and serves important transport and homeostatic functions, while globulins include acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins. Several specific plasma proteins are also discussed in detail, including their structure, function, clinical significance, and role in conditions like Wilson's disease.
Proteins1
Albumin is the major protein found in blood plasma and helps maintain osmotic pressure between blood vessels and tissues. It also serves as a carrier for many substances. Low albumin levels can be caused by conditions that damage the liver like cirrhosis, or by issues that cause excessive protein loss from the kidneys, intestines or burns. Albumin is essential for fluid balance and transport throughout the body.
Biochemistry high yield part 1
The document provides an overview of topics in medical biochemistry including carbohydrate chemistry, lipid chemistry, proteins and amino acids, nucleic acids, enzymes, and lipid metabolism. Key points include the structures and properties of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Lipid structures such as fatty acids, phospholipids, and cholesterol are described. The basics of protein structure, amino acid chemistry, and nucleic acid structure are summarized. Enzyme kinetics concepts and classes of enzymes are covered. Finally, an overview of lipid metabolism and beta-oxidation is presented.
Carbapenems
antimicrobial agents , Thienamycin, Imipenem , Meropenem, Doripenem, Ertapenem,adverse effects, absolute stereochemistry of carbapenems,
Sorin_Tunaru PhD summary
Sorin Tunaru conducted research to identify and characterize the nicotinic acid receptor. He identified that the mouse Puma-G receptor and the human HM74a receptor are G-protein coupled receptors activated by nicotinic acid. Both receptors are expressed mainly in adipose tissue and immune cells. Experiments in mice lacking the Puma-G gene showed that it mediates the antilipolytic effect of nicotinic acid in vivo by inhibiting lipolysis in adipose tissue. Tunaru also characterized the binding pocket of the HM74a receptor for nicotinic acid and identified residues critical for binding. Through screening, he found a family of compounds that are selective agonists of the HM74 receptor but not the HM74
What's hot (20)
Metabolism of Acidic Amino Acids (Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Aspartic acid, As...
Metabolism of Acidic Amino Acids (Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Aspartic acid, As...
Plasma Proteins For Therapeutic Use; An Introduction to Blood PLASMA & its Se...
Plasma Proteins For Therapeutic Use; An Introduction to Blood PLASMA & its Se...
Viewers also liked
130824 paper study 준섭
Melanogenesis proceeds in three steps: production of cysteinyldopas, oxidation to pheomelanin, and production of eumelanin. Dopachrome tautomerase (Dct) catalyzes the tautomerization of dopachrome to increase the ratio of DHICA in eumelanin and eumelanin production. The initial production of cysteinyldopas and subsequent pheomelanin favors pheomelanogenesis over eumelanogenesis as long as cysteinyldopa levels remain high. The reactivity of o-quinones, which are highly reactive, chemically controls the early melanogenesis process.
131116 paper study 준섭
This document describes methods for stably transfecting cell lines to create new cell lines. It compares the calcium phosphate precipitation method, spontaneous transfection method, and lipofection method. It also details monitoring transfection efficiency by fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy. Results show the calcium phosphate method worked best for most cell lines tested except HeLa cells. Stable transfection of HeLa cells with a plasmid increased fluorescence over 21 days then plateaued. Plasmid DNA concentration did not correlate with fluorescence yield.
131116 paper study 준섭
This document describes methods for stably transfecting cell lines to create new cell lines. It compares the calcium phosphate precipitation method, spontaneous transfection method, and lipofection method. It also details monitoring transfection efficiency by fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy. Results show the calcium phosphate method worked best for most cell lines tested except HeLa cells. Stable transfection of HeLa cells with a plasmid increased fluorescence over 21 days then plateaued. Plasmid DNA concentration did not correlate with fluorescence yield.
Short Sequence Oligopeptides With Inhibitory Activity Against Mushroom And Hu...
This document summarizes a study that identified two short peptide sequences, P3 and P4, that strongly inhibited both mushroom and human tyrosinase activity and reduced melanin production in melanocytes. P3 and P4 showed dose-dependent inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase, with IC50 values of 123 μM and 40 μM respectively, compared to 680 μM for hydroquinone. Kinetic studies demonstrated that P3 and P4 are competitive inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase. Both peptides also inhibited human tyrosinase activity by 25-35% and reduced melanin content in melanocytes by 27-43% without affecting cell proliferation or viability.
130817 paper study 한울
This document investigates the physiological effects of He-Ne laser irradiation on two melanoblast (MB) cell lines - the immature NCCmelb4 and the more differentiated NCCmelan5. The results showed that He-Ne laser irradiation did not affect the growth of either cell line but did induce mobility in the NCCmelb4 cells. It also decreased attachment of NCCmelb4 cells to fibronectin and increased expression of pp125FAK, a protein involved in cell mobility. The laser treatment had little effect on the locomotion of the more differentiated NCCmelan5 cells.
130803 paper study 준섭
The P protein regulates melanosomal pH through proton transport. Recessive mutations in the P gene lead to hypopigmentation by disrupting melanosomal acidification. The P protein likely functions with a proton pump to acidify melanosomes, favoring tyrosinase activity and melanosome biogenesis. Abnormal pH in P-deficient mice prevents proper targeting of proteins like tyrosinase, resulting in underpigmented melanosomes. The human P gene is homologous and causes oculocutaneous albinism when mutated.
130629 paper study 준섭
1) The study examined the effects of bafilomycin A1 on melanin synthesis in p-null murine melanocytes.
2) Results showed that bafilomycin A1 treatment led to increased melanin production in p-null cells by correcting the trafficking defect of tyrosinase and other melanosomal proteins.
3) Specifically, bafilomycin A1 caused accumulation of full-length tyrosinase within melanocytes by reducing its secretion, thereby slightly increasing tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis.
Birendra kumar singh29 4-13
The document discusses a study that examined how melanosomal pH controls melanin production. The study found that:
- Melanin synthesis in human pigment cell lysates is maximal at pH 6.8, near neutral pH.
- Increasing melanosomal pH through chemical inhibition of vacuolar proton pumps rapidly increased melanogenesis, melanosome maturation, and the ratio of eumelanin production in Caucasian melanocytes and some melanoma cell lines within 24 hours.
- Near neutral pH is optimal for human tyrosinase activity and melanin production, while low melanosomal pH suppresses melanin production in Caucasian melanocytes.
- Melanosomal pH is an essential regulator of multiple stages
130629 paper 창하
The study investigated the production of sophorolipids (SLs) by Torulopsis bombicola using different lipid precursors such as glucose, hexadecane, and soybean oil. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that hexadecane as a precursor produced a cleaner mixture of predominantly diacetylated lactonic SL isomers with palmitate. Soybean oil as a precursor resulted in SLs corresponding to its fatty acid composition. Production of lactonic SLs increased significantly following addition of the lipid precursors and peaked in stationary phase, while acidic SLs increased gradually. Hexadecane provided the highest SL yield and purity compared to soybean oil and glucose precursors.
130427 paper study 준섭
I. Melanosomal pH controls multiple stages of melanin production, with near neutral pH being optimal for human tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis.
II. Neutralizing melanosomal pH in Caucasian melanocytes and melanoma cells leads to increased melanin production and a preferential increase in eumelanin over phaeomelanin.
III. Melanosomal pH also regulates the maturation rate of melanosomes, with neutral pH resulting in more mature melanosomes.
130126 paper study 준섭
Sulforaphane, found widely in broccoli, inhibits melanin synthesis and tyrosinase expression in B16 mouse melanoma cells. The study found that 5M sulforaphane inhibited melanogenesis to an equivalent level as 100M arbutin. Sulforaphane activates phosphorylated ERK and inhibits phosphorylated p38, affecting the mitogen-activated protein kinase family which controls tyrosinase expression. By regulating the MAP kinase family, sulforaphane inhibits melanogenesis and tyrosinase without cytotoxic effects, indicating it may be an effective skin-whitening agent.
Paper study (2)
The document summarizes the process of extracting and isolating a compound from the Chinese herbal medicine Erigeron breviscapus that has depigmenting effects. Materials and methods describe culturing cells and conducting inhibition and isolation assays. Through fractionation of the plant extract, the active compound (2Z,8Z)-Matricaria Acid Methyl Ester was isolated. Results show the compound decreased melanin synthesis and tyrosinase expression in cells, demonstrating its potential as a skin whitening agent for treating hyperpigmentation.
Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a hypopigmentation disorder characterized by depigmented patches on the skin. It is caused by a loss of melanocytes in the affected areas. There are several proposed mechanisms including genetic predisposition, autoimmune attack on melanocytes, and neural mechanisms. Clinically, it presents as well-circumscribed milky white macules that may coalesce. Treatment involves phototherapy with PUVA or narrowband UVB, topical corticosteroids for localized lesions, and systemic corticosteroids for more widespread or rapidly progressive disease. Surgical interventions like melanocyte transplantation can be used for sites resistant to medical therapy.
Viewers also liked (13)
Short Sequence Oligopeptides With Inhibitory Activity Against Mushroom And Hu...
Short Sequence Oligopeptides With Inhibitory Activity Against Mushroom And Hu...
Similar to 130907 paper study 준섭
GABA-AT_1
CPP-115 is a potent mechanism-based inactivator of the enzyme γ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT) that was developed to treat seizures and other neurological disorders. This study investigated CPP-115's inactivation mechanism of GABA-AT. It was found that CPP-115 undergoes enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of its difluoromethylene group, releasing two fluoride ions. This causes a conformational change in the enzyme, forming a tightly bound complex and inactivating the enzyme. Unexpectedly, CPP-115 does not follow the anticipated Michael addition pathway but instead utilizes a novel catalytic mechanism. This new mechanism of inactivation provides insights for
Chromogenic substrates
This document discusses chromogenic substrates, which are peptides linked to a chromophore that are used to detect and measure the activity of proteolytic enzymes like thrombin and factor Xa. Chromogenic substrates are cleaved by these enzymes, releasing the chromophore p-nitroaniline which turns yellow and can be quantified. The document provides examples of specific chromogenic substrates for various enzymes and describes their use in clinical assays to measure coagulation factors, antithrombin, heparin, and activated protein C.
secondary messenger pptx
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) are common secondary messengers that amplify signals from first messengers like hormones and neurotransmitters. They are produced inside cells by adenylyl cyclase and guanylyl cyclase, respectively, and target intracellular enzymes like protein kinase A and G. This leads to changes in gene expression and cellular processes. cAMP is involved in glucose mobilization through phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase and synthetase by protein kinase A. cGMP signaling is activated by nitric oxide and atrial natriuretic peptide to cause effects like blood vessel dilation.
A novel PPAR pan-agonist, 2-(4-(5,6-methylenedioxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-met...
A novel PPAR pan-agonist, 2-(4-(5,6-methylenedioxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-met...Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry Lab, College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University
MHY2013 is a novel PPAR pan-agonist that was shown to have beneficial effects on metabolic disorders in mouse models of obesity and diabetes. It activated all PPAR subtypes and increased fatty acid oxidation and energy expenditure in liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle by upregulating genes involved in these pathways. MHY2013 improved insulin sensitivity, lowered blood triglycerides and fatty acids, and reduced hepatic steatosis in obese mice without affecting food intake or body weight. The compound's metabolic effects were mediated through increased levels of the hormones FGF21 and adiponectin.Cristallo, Tara Murdock Conference Poster
This study investigates how purine nucleotides affect the structure and function of Burkholderia cenocepacia HMG-CoA reductase (BcHMGR), a key enzyme in the mevalonate pathway. Previous research found that purine nucleotides, especially GTP, can cause BcHMGR enzymatic activity without its necessary substrate, CoA. This study uses fluorescence spectroscopy and 13C NMR spectroscopy to explore potential structural changes in BcHMGR induced by purine nucleotides and to identify possible reaction products. Preliminary fluorescence data suggests GTP induces a unique structural change in BcHMGR compared to other substrates. 13C NMR studies did not detect the expected product, HMG-CoA, indicating further
Protein phosphorylation, kinases and phosphatases
This document summarizes protein phosphorylation and the enzymes involved in this process. It discusses serine/threonine kinases and tyrosine kinases that add phosphate groups to proteins, as well as phosphatases that remove phosphate groups. It provides examples of important kinases like mitogen-activated protein kinases, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, protein kinase C, and AMP-activated protein kinase. The document emphasizes that phosphorylation is a key cellular regulatory mechanism controlled by kinases and phosphatases.
GCN2
The document summarizes research finding that the kinase GCN2 sustains mTORC1 suppression during amino acid deprivation by inducing the stress response protein Sestrin2. GCN2 activates the transcription factor ATF4 during amino acid starvation. ATF4 then transcriptionally upregulates Sestrin2, which is required for mTORC1 suppression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirms that ATF4 directly binds to the Sesn2 promoter. Sestrin2 depletion prevents mTORC1 suppression and reduces cell survival during glutamine withdrawal. Therefore, the GCN2-ATF4 pathway induces Sestrin2 to repress mTORC1 activity and promote cell survival during amino acid deprivation.
JBEI Research Highlights - April 2017
This document summarizes a research article that studied the transport of the antibiotic tetracycline (Tet) in Escherichia coli. The key findings are:
1. Tet is transported into E. coli cells by three transporters: TetA, TetB, and TetH.
2. TetA is a primary transporter that uses ATP hydrolysis to actively transport Tet into cells. TetB and TetH are secondary transporters that harness gradients to transport Tet.
3. Experiments showed TetA is the major transporter and is responsible for most Tet uptake. TetB and TetH play lesser but still significant roles in Tet transport.
4. Understanding the roles and interactions of these
Bio390 final paper
This document describes site-directed mutagenesis experiments performed on the global transcription factor cAMP receptor protein (CRP) in Escherichia coli. Specifically, lysine residue 36 of CRP was mutated to alanine using site-directed mutagenesis to investigate how protein acetylation may affect CRP function and gene regulation. The document provides background on CRP and its role in transcription, as well as an overview of protein acetylation and its effects. It then describes the methods used to mutate lysine 36 to alanine in CRP and plans to analyze the mutant protein.
ROLE OF SECOND MESSENGERS IN RECEPTOR SIGNAL TRABSDUCTION
1. WHAT IS SECONDARY MESSENGER SYSTEM
2. REQUIREMENTS & CLASSIFICATION
3. cAMP, CGMP, IP3/DAG, Ca++ IONS, NITRIC OXIDE, PDE
4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
5. CONCLUSION
6. REFERENCES
Heme synthesis for medical And Nursing studentspptx
Hemoglobin is red color blood pigment, present in red blood cells (erythrocytes).
It is a chromoprotein, containing heme as the prosthetic group & globin as the protein part-apoprotein.
It is a tetrameric protein & molecular weight about 67,000 dalton.
Each gram of Hb contains 3.4 mg of iron.
Topic reciprocal regulation of purine and pyrimidine metabolism
Purine and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis are coordinately regulated through phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP). PRPP is essential for both purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis and its synthesis by PRPP synthase is inhibited by feedback from purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, ensuring balanced production. Regulation occurs through inhibition and stimulation of enzymes by various nucleotides and allosteric effectors like ATP, GTP, and PRPP to achieve appropriate levels of AMP, GMP, UMP and CMP production.
Fate of nitrogen in the body
The document summarizes nitrogen fate in the body. It discusses protein turnover and degradation pathways. Amino acids are removed from proteins and enter metabolic pathways where their nitrogen is eventually converted to urea in the urea cycle in the liver. The urea is transported to the kidneys and excreted in urine. Transamination and glutamine transport ammonia from tissues to the liver for urea synthesis. Genetic defects in the urea cycle can cause hyperammonemia, a potentially fatal condition.
CcP2APX_Biochem_2008
This document summarizes an experiment to engineer ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity into cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP) by introducing the APX ascorbate-binding site into CCP. Specifically, the researchers replaced the ascorbate-binding loop and a critical arginine residue in CCP with the corresponding residues from APX to create a mutant called CCP2APX. While wild-type CCP showed no APX activity, CCP2APX was able to catalyze the peroxidation of ascorbate, demonstrating that the engineered ascorbate-binding site could bind ascorbate. Crystal structures of CCP2APX confirmed that the engineered binding site
Cyclic amp
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important second messenger in intracellular signal transduction. It is derived from ATP and conveys signals from hormones that bind to cell surface receptors. Many hormones such as epinephrine, glucagon, and others activate adenylate cyclase, which produces cAMP from ATP. cAMP then activates protein kinase A and triggers physiological responses in the cell. The effects of cAMP are terminated by phosphodiesterases that break it down or by phosphatases dephosphorylating protein kinase A. Deregulation of cAMP pathways has been implicated in cancer and cognitive disorders.
The Effect of Curcumin on AMPA Receptors Pharmacokinetics
This document outlines a study examining the effect of curcumin derivatives on AMPA receptor kinetics. The objectives are to identify potent and selective curcumin derivatives that inhibit AMPA receptors and characterize their effects. HEK293 cells will be transfected with GluA2 receptors to study the effects of curcumin derivative A on whole cell current, desensitization, and deactivation. Preliminary results show that derivative A decreases peak current, increases desensitization rate and extent, and increases deactivation rate, indicating it inhibits AMPA receptors. The study aims to better understand how curcumin derivatives modify AMPA receptor properties to develop new natural drugs without side effects.
Pathways of intracellular signal transduction
This document summarizes various cellular signaling pathways. It discusses how receptors can be linked to enzymatic activities like protein kinases and guanylyl cyclases. It then describes several key intracellular signaling pathways, including the cyclic AMP pathway, cyclic GMP pathway, phospholipid and calcium signaling, PI3 kinase/Akt pathway, and MAP kinase pathway. Each of these pathways transmit signals from cell surface receptors to intracellular targets and regulate processes like gene expression, metabolism, cell growth and differentiation.
Glycolysis
This document summarizes several metabolic pathways including glycolysis, the uronic acid pathway, and glycogenesis. It discusses where these pathways occur in the cell, their reactions and products, importance, regulation, and some deficiencies. Glycolysis produces ATP both aerobically and anaerobically. The uronic acid pathway occurs in the liver and is important for conjugation. Glycogenesis synthesizes glycogen from glucose in the liver and muscle through the actions of glycogen synthase and branching enzyme.
C Amp Detection Methods In Hts
Christine Williams reviews various technologies for detecting cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in high-throughput screening assays. The review highlights radiometric, fluorescence polarization, luminescence, and electrochemiluminescence methods. It emphasizes practical considerations for choosing an assay to identify modulators of G protein-coupled receptors that signal through cAMP. Future technologies may provide even greater biological information for drug discovery.
LIPID METABOLISM-CHOLESTROL METABOLISM.pdf
Cholesterol is essential for cell membrane structure and synthesis of hormones and vitamins. It is synthesized endogenously and obtained through diet. Cholesterol synthesis occurs through a series of enzymatic reactions, beginning with acetyl-CoA and culminating in lanosterol and cholesterol. The rate-limiting step is catalyzed by HMG-CoA reductase. Cholesterol synthesis takes place in the liver, adrenals, ovaries and intestines, with the liver responsible for most endogenous production. The pathway involves both cytosolic and peroxisomal enzymes. Regulation occurs through intermediates and cholesterol levels controlling enzymes like HMG-CoA reductase.
Similar to 130907 paper study 준섭 (20)
A novel PPAR pan-agonist, 2-(4-(5,6-methylenedioxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-met...
A novel PPAR pan-agonist, 2-(4-(5,6-methylenedioxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-met...
ROLE OF SECOND MESSENGERS IN RECEPTOR SIGNAL TRABSDUCTION
ROLE OF SECOND MESSENGERS IN RECEPTOR SIGNAL TRABSDUCTION
Heme synthesis for medical And Nursing studentspptx
Heme synthesis for medical And Nursing studentspptx
Topic reciprocal regulation of purine and pyrimidine metabolism
Topic reciprocal regulation of purine and pyrimidine metabolism
The Effect of Curcumin on AMPA Receptors Pharmacokinetics
The Effect of Curcumin on AMPA Receptors Pharmacokinetics
More from Contents Bio Culture
131116 paper study 준섭
1. The document describes methods for stably transfecting cell lines, including calcium phosphate transfection, lipofection, and spontaneous transfection.
2. It examines the efficiency of transfection for different cell lines using green fluorescent protein and red fluorescent protein plasmids.
3. Results show that calcium phosphate transfection was more efficient than spontaneous transfection for most cell lines tested, except HeLa cells. Stable transfection of HeLa cells over 21 days resulted in gradually increasing fluorescent intensity that then remained constant.
130907 paper study 준섭
Artemisinic acid inhibits melanogenesis in human melanocytes by reducing cholesterol synthesis. It decreases cholesterol content by downregulating the HMG CoA reductase gene, which is critical for cholesterol synthesis. Artemisinic acid treatment leads to downregulation of the C/EBP α gene, which mediates reduced expression of the HMG CoA reductase gene. This inhibition of cholesterol synthesis attenuates melanogenesis in human melanocytes.
130824 paper study 준섭
Melanogenesis proceeds in three steps: production of cysteinyldopas, oxidation to pheomelanin, and production of eumelanin. Dopachrome tautomerase catalyzes the conversion of dopachrome to dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid, increasing eumelanin production. The initial production of cysteinyldopas determines the ratio of pheomelanin to eumelanin, as cysteinyldopas accumulate when cysteine concentrations are above 1 μM and pheomelanogenesis is favored over eumelanogenesis when cysteinyldopa levels exceed 10 μM. O-quinones are highly reactive, readily binding to cysteine residues
130323 paper study 준섭
The study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that the P protein influences tyrosine and tyrosinase localization. The results showed that tyrosine transport was not different between wild-type and P mutant melanocytes. While total tyrosinase activity was higher in P mutant cells, tyrosinase localization to melanosomes was impaired. This indicates that P protein plays an important role in localizing and stabilizing tyrosinase in melanosomes, rather than transporting tyrosine.
131228 paper 신애
This document contains 5 figures and 1 table describing the mevalonate pathway and regulation of HMG-CoA reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Figure 1 shows the mevalonate pathway in animal cells. Figures 2 and 3 depict coordination regulation of mRNA and sterol regulatory elements involved in this pathway. Table 1 summarizes mevalonate-mediated regulation of HMG-CoA reductase. Figures 4 examines degradation of HMG-CoA reductase. The document also references a paper on Insigs which are genes involved in this process.
131130 paper study 한울
The document discusses pharmacological activities of bioactive compounds from longan fruit. It describes longan fruit and different extraction techniques used to obtain bioactive compounds, including conventional, ultrasonic-assisted, and high pressure-assisted extraction. It then discusses the nutritional and phytochemical compositions of longan fruit, including sugars, acids, amino acids, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids. Finally, it summarizes various pharmacological properties of longan fruit extracts, such as strong antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-glycated, and potential anticancer activities.
130817 paper 이신애
The document summarizes a study analyzing the binding and cleavage of collagen by MMP-1. Key findings include:
- MMP-1's Cat and Hpx domains cooperate to bind collagen, with the Hpx domain forming an exosite that binds the P10' leucine residue in collagen's recognition motif.
- Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and mutagenesis identified six collagen-binding regions on MMP-1, including an exosite formed by residues 271, 272, and 301 in the Hpx domain.
- X-ray crystallography of an MMP-1-collagen peptide complex showed extensive interactions along the triple helix and the P10' leucine binding
Paper review 전상귀 20130817
This paper demonstrated using lauryl alcohol as a feedstock for producing sophorolipids using Candida bombicola. Sophorolipids are biosurfactants that have antimicrobial and emulsifying properties. The study found that sophorolipid production was maximized at 96 hours of incubation, with 10% glucose concentration, initial pH of 6.0, and a temperature of 30°C. The produced sophorolipids reduced surface tension more than synthetic surfactants and had good emulsification activity and antibacterial effects against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
paper 은경
This study analyzed the processing and trafficking of melanogenic proteins in primary melanocytes from mice with the underwhite (uw) mutation, a model for oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) type 4 in humans. The researchers found that uw-mutant melanocytes constantly secrete dark vesicles containing tyrosinase and other melanogenic enzymes into the medium, unlike wild-type melanocytes. Although tyrosinase synthesis was similar between uw-mutant and wild-type cells, tyrosinase activity and melanosome enrichment were reduced in uw-mutant cells. The abnormal tyrosinase secretion from uw-mutant cells, along with other findings, suggests OCA4 disrup
13.8.3 병권
Pmel17 is an important structural component of melanosomes that is present in the limiting membrane of stage I melanosomes and enters intralumenal vesicles. Melanosomes undergo four stages of biogenesis, starting as non-pigmented stage I melanosomes derived from the endosomal system, acquiring internal striations in stage II, depositing melanin pigment in stage III, and becoming fully melanized in stage IV. Melanosome transport requires Rab27a GTPase association with melanosomes and regulation of their movement along microtubules and actin cytoskeleton to the cell periphery.
130803 paper melanie
This study examined the rs1426654 polymorphism in the SLC24A5 gene in 158 Greek patients with minor skin diseases. The researchers found that 99% of subjects carried the Thr111/Thr111 allele, with only two samples showing heterozygosity for the alanine and threonine alleles. They concluded that the Thr111/Thr111 haplotype is fixed in Europeans, even in those with darker skin, whereas MC1R regulates subtle pigmentation differences within white populations. In contrast, SLC24A5 is responsible for larger pigmentation differences among populations.
13.7.27 병권
This document summarizes factors that determine skin color, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. It discusses the architecture of the skin, including the neural crest and melanocytes. It also examines the regulation of constitutive and facultative skin pigmentation, how melanin protects the skin from UV exposure, disorders of skin pigmentation like albinism and vitiligo, and different approaches to regulating skin pigmentation.
130629paper
This document summarizes small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), including their classification, biogenesis, mechanisms of action, and functions. siRNAs are non-coding RNAs 19-28 nucleotides in length that are derived from double-stranded RNA and induce gene silencing through base pairing with target molecules. The document outlines the major classifications of siRNAs and how they are processed from precursor molecules by RNase III enzymes like Dicer and Drosha. It also describes the four mechanisms by which siRNAs carry out gene silencing, including endonucleolytic cleavage, translational repression, transcriptional repression, and DNA elimination.
Paperstudy 신애
This document analyzes collagenolytic activity and reactivity of MMP-1 and MMP-13 in UV-treated skin. It finds that MMP-1 expression and activity are strongly upregulated in skin exposed to UV light, while MMP-13 is barely detected. Organ culture fluid from UV-treated skin degrades type I collagen, primarily generating 3/4 and 1/4 fragments. This collagen-degrading activity is inhibited by over 95% when treated with an antibody targeting MMP-1, indicating that MMP-1 is the predominant collagenase responsible for collagen damage caused by UV exposure in human skin.
130518 paper 전상귀
Sophorolipids are glycolipids produced by certain yeasts that have shown potential as anti-HIV drugs, anti-cancer agents, and immunomodulators. The document summarizes research testing the antimicrobial activity of sophorolipid derivatives against various bacteria, such as E. coli and S. aureus, finding minimum inhibitory concentration values above 512 μg/ml for most derivatives. Sophorolipid derivatives may function as anti-inflammatory agents or immunomodulators to treat conditions like septic shock. Sophorolipids could also potentially be developed as spermicidal, antiviral, or chemotherapy agents without harming beneficial bacteria or causing resistance.
More from Contents Bio Culture (20)
Recently uploaded
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying Ahead
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
20240607 QFM018 Elixir Reading List May 2024
Everything I found interesting about the Elixir programming ecosystem in May 2024
Choosing The Best AWS Service For Your Website + API.pptx
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Project Management Semester Long Project - Acuity
Acuity is an innovative learning app designed to transform the way you engage with knowledge. Powered by AI technology, Acuity takes complex topics and distills them into concise, interactive summaries that are easy to read & understand. Whether you're exploring the depths of quantum mechanics or seeking insight into historical events, Acuity provides the key information you need without the burden of lengthy texts.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoption
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...Edge AI and Vision Alliance
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.June Patch Tuesday
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Recently uploaded (20)
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying Ahead
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying Ahead
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Choosing The Best AWS Service For Your Website + API.pptx
Choosing The Best AWS Service For Your Website + API.pptx
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
Nordic Marketo Engage User Group_June 13_ 2024.pptx
Nordic Marketo Engage User Group_June 13_ 2024.pptx
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
130907 paper study 준섭
- 1. <130907 김준섭> ▶Objective : To know relation bewteen HMG-CoA reductase and melanogensis
- 2. INHA University - Bioengineering ABSTRACT cholesterol regulation of melanogenesis artemisinic acid melanogenesis in human epidermal melanocyte MITF tyrosinase TRP-1 TRP-2 •c-KIT, stem cell factor •macrophage migration inhibition factor(MIF) •cAMP •protein kinase activity artemisinic acid inhibition of C/EBP α inhibition of HMG CoA reductase
- 3. INHA University - Bioengineering INTRODUCTION Cholesterol is an essential mammalian membrane protein •cell integrity •cell signaling •cell metabolism •membrane fluidity •steroid hormone synthesis Cellular changes in endogenous synthesis and exogenous supply of cholesterol occur through feedback regulation of HMG CoA reductase and the low-density lipoprotein receptor(LPLR). •sterol-response element (SRE) •Sp1 •NF-Y •a cyclic AMP-response element (CRE) •C/EBP family binding element Several important elements of HMG CoA reductase promoter
- 4. INHA University - Bioengineering MATERIALS AND METHODS • Cell culture : human epidermal melanocyte • Melanin content assay • Histochemistry of reconstructed epidermis • Cyclic AMP immunoassay • Cell viability assay : MTT • Real-time RT-PCR analysis • HMG CoA reductase assay • Western blot analysis • Protein kinase A (PKA) activity assay • Cholesterol content assay
- 5. INHA University - Bioengineering RESULTS Fig. 1. Artemisinic acid inhibits melanogenesis in human epidermal melanocytes. 3.1. Artemisinic acid inhibits melanogenesis in human epidermal melanocytes Inhibitory effects of artemisinic acid on melanin formation were found. Cytotoxic effects were not observed (data not shown) Reduction of melanogenic protein mRNA
- 6. INHA University - Bioengineering RESULTS 3.2. Cyclic AMP-PKA signaling was inhibited by artemisinic acid Levels of cAMP decreased significantly by treatment with artemisinic acid. A significant decrease in PKA activity was observed. Fig. 2. Artemisinic acid reduces cAMP production and PKA activity.
- 7. INHA University - Bioengineering RESULTS Fig. 3. Artemisinic acid inhibits cholesterol synthesis by downregulating the hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) reductase gene. 3.3. Artemisinic acid inhibited cholesterol synthesis by downregulating the hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) reductase gene Cholesterol content decreased significantly by artemisinic acid treatment. Expression of HMG CoA reductase, a critical factor in cholesterol synthesis, decreased following artemisinic acid treatment
- 8. INHA University - Bioengineering RESULTS 3.4. Reduced expression of the HMG CoA reductase gene by artemisinic acid is mediated through C/EBP α gene downregulation Fig. 4. Reduced expression of the HMG CoA reductase gene by artemisinic acid is mediated by downregulation of the C/EBP a gene. artemisinic acid treatment C/EBP a gene downregulation
- 9. INHA University - Bioengineering DISCUSSION Artemisinic acid downregulated HMG CoA reductase gene expression by inhibiting C/EBP a gene expression, after which it reduced cholesterol synthesis, consequently inhibiting melanogenesis Fig. 5. Mechanisms of artemisinic acid-induced attenuation of melanogenesis.
Editor's Notes
- melanin과 다른 organic compound와 비교를 하였다.
- melanin과 다른 organic compound와 비교를 하였다.
- melanin과 다른 organic compound와 비교를 하였다.
- melanin과 다른 organic compound와 비교를 하였다.
- melanin과 다른 organic compound와 비교를 하였다.
- melanin과 다른 organic compound와 비교를 하였다.