This document discusses phytosomes, a novel drug delivery system for herbal extracts. Phytosomes improve the bioavailability of plant extracts by combining phytoconstituents with phospholipids. This allows poorly soluble botanical extracts to be better absorbed in the intestinal tract and cross membranes. The document describes the preparation, characterization, formulation and commercial uses of phytosomes. Some benefits are improved stability and absorption compared to simple herbal extracts. Commonly used phospholipids are phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine.
Regulatory provision related to manufacture of cosmeticManish Rajput
cosmetic, regulatory provision, schedule M, condition of licence, schedule U, prohibition of certain cosmetics, misbranded and spurious cosmetics, loan licence, offences and penalties,
Application Of Polymer In Controlled Release FormulationAnindya Jana
Polymers are becoming increasingly important in the field of drug delivery. The pharmaceutical applications of polymers range from their use as binders in tablets to viscosity and flow controlling agents in liquids, suspensions and emulsions. Polymers can be used as film coatings to disguise the unpleasant taste of a drug, to enhance drug stability and to modify drug release characteristics.
As a consequence, increasing attention has been focused on methods of giving drugs continually for a prolonged time periods and in a controlled fashion.
This technology now spans many fields and includes pharmaceutical, food and agricultural applications, pesticides, cosmetics, and household products.
NIOSOMES , GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NIOSOME , TYPES OF NIOSOMES , OTHERS TYPES OF NIOSOMES , NIOSOMES VS LIPOSOMES , COMPONENTS OF NIOSOMES , Non-ionic surfactant , Cholesterol , Charge inducing molecule , METHOD OF PREPARATION , preparation of small unilamellar vesicles , Sonication , Micro fluidization , preparation of large unilamellar vesicles , Reverse Phase Evaporation , Ether Injection , preparation of Multilamellar vesicles , Hand shaking method , Trans membrane pH gradient drug uptake process (remote loading) , Miscellaneous method :Multiple membrane extrusion method , The “Bubble” Method , Formation of Niosomes From Proniosomes , SEPARATION OF UNENTRAPPED DRUGS , Gel Filtration , Dialysis , Centrifugation , FACTORS AFFECTING THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NIOSOMES , Membrane Additives , Temperature of Hydration , PROPERTIES OF DRUGS , AMOUNT AND TYPE OF SURFACTANT
Structure of Surfactants , Resistance to Osmotic Stress , Characterization of niosomes ,Therapeutic applications of Niosomes , For Controlled Release of Drugs , To Improve the Stability and Physical Properties of the Drugs , For Targeting and Retention of Drug in Blood Circulation , Proniosomes , Aspasomes , Vesicles in Water and Oil System (v/w/o) ,Bola - niosomes , Discomes , Deformable niosomes or elastic niosomes , According to the nature of lamellarity ,Small Unilamellar vesicles (SUV) 25 – 500 nm in size.,Large Unilamellar vesicles (LUV) 0.1 – 1μm in size , Multilamellar vesicles (MLV) 1-5 μm in size , According to the size:Small Niosomes (100 nm – 200 nm) , Large Niosomes (800 nm – 900 nm),Big Niosomes (2 μm – 4 μm)
Phytosomes are one of the novel drug delivery system containing hydrophilic bioactive phyto-constituents of herbs surrounded and bounded by phospolipids.
Regulatory provision related to manufacture of cosmeticManish Rajput
cosmetic, regulatory provision, schedule M, condition of licence, schedule U, prohibition of certain cosmetics, misbranded and spurious cosmetics, loan licence, offences and penalties,
Application Of Polymer In Controlled Release FormulationAnindya Jana
Polymers are becoming increasingly important in the field of drug delivery. The pharmaceutical applications of polymers range from their use as binders in tablets to viscosity and flow controlling agents in liquids, suspensions and emulsions. Polymers can be used as film coatings to disguise the unpleasant taste of a drug, to enhance drug stability and to modify drug release characteristics.
As a consequence, increasing attention has been focused on methods of giving drugs continually for a prolonged time periods and in a controlled fashion.
This technology now spans many fields and includes pharmaceutical, food and agricultural applications, pesticides, cosmetics, and household products.
NIOSOMES , GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NIOSOME , TYPES OF NIOSOMES , OTHERS TYPES OF NIOSOMES , NIOSOMES VS LIPOSOMES , COMPONENTS OF NIOSOMES , Non-ionic surfactant , Cholesterol , Charge inducing molecule , METHOD OF PREPARATION , preparation of small unilamellar vesicles , Sonication , Micro fluidization , preparation of large unilamellar vesicles , Reverse Phase Evaporation , Ether Injection , preparation of Multilamellar vesicles , Hand shaking method , Trans membrane pH gradient drug uptake process (remote loading) , Miscellaneous method :Multiple membrane extrusion method , The “Bubble” Method , Formation of Niosomes From Proniosomes , SEPARATION OF UNENTRAPPED DRUGS , Gel Filtration , Dialysis , Centrifugation , FACTORS AFFECTING THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NIOSOMES , Membrane Additives , Temperature of Hydration , PROPERTIES OF DRUGS , AMOUNT AND TYPE OF SURFACTANT
Structure of Surfactants , Resistance to Osmotic Stress , Characterization of niosomes ,Therapeutic applications of Niosomes , For Controlled Release of Drugs , To Improve the Stability and Physical Properties of the Drugs , For Targeting and Retention of Drug in Blood Circulation , Proniosomes , Aspasomes , Vesicles in Water and Oil System (v/w/o) ,Bola - niosomes , Discomes , Deformable niosomes or elastic niosomes , According to the nature of lamellarity ,Small Unilamellar vesicles (SUV) 25 – 500 nm in size.,Large Unilamellar vesicles (LUV) 0.1 – 1μm in size , Multilamellar vesicles (MLV) 1-5 μm in size , According to the size:Small Niosomes (100 nm – 200 nm) , Large Niosomes (800 nm – 900 nm),Big Niosomes (2 μm – 4 μm)
Phytosomes are one of the novel drug delivery system containing hydrophilic bioactive phyto-constituents of herbs surrounded and bounded by phospolipids.
It is a novel drug dosage form in herbal drugs.I have made it, because it is a part of my project work. I hope you will find helpful and knowledgeable. Thank you.
Healing Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Guava (Psidium guajava) Leaf on ...Dr. Anuj S Parihar
Oral mucositis (OM) is a common inflammatory complication among cancerous patients as an adverse effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the healing effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium
Guajava leaf on oral induced mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil using histopathologic and tissue antioxidative markers assessment in male dark brown rats. In a prospective randomized double blind animal study, OM was induced in 64 male dark brown rats that allocated in 4 groups by 5-FU (60 mg/kg) on days 0, 5, and 10 of the study. The cheek pouch was scratched with a sterile needle on once daily on days 3 and 4. Starting from day 12, gel base, topical form and 600 mg/kg dietry form of hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium Guajava leaf were administered per day. Pouch histopathology score, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity were evaluated on day 14 and 18. DPPH scavenging activity and total phenolic content also were measured. Histopathology scores of mucositis were lower in the systemic and topical treatment groups than the gel base and control groups (P<0.05). Higher activities of SOD, GPX and TAC were detected in the topical and systemic treatment groups in comparison to the others (P<0.05). The extract was rich in total phenolic content as antioxidant. The use of extract of Psidium Guajava leave may be associated with reduced intensity of OM, increased concentration of SOD, GPX and TAC on induced
OM in dark brown rats undergoing 5-FU consumption.
A phytosome is a complex of a natural active ingredient and a phospholipid - mostly lecithin. It is claimed that phytosome increases absorption of "conventional herbal extracts" or isolated active principles both topically as well as orally.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
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263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
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ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
2. 1. INTRODUCTION
2. WHAT IS PHYTOSOMES?
3. MERITS OF PHYTOSOMES COMPLEX USES
4. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PHYTOSOMES AND LIPOSOMES
5. METHOD OF PREPARATION
6. CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYTOSOMES
7. FORMULATION OF PHYTOSOMES
8. COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PHYTOSOMES
2
3. Polyphenolics and terpenes are ubiquitous in plants, but their poor
solubility in water and organic solvents make the bioavailability of several
botanical extracts erratic and poor.
The limited solubility , both in water and in lipophilic phases, as well as
hydrolytical instability at physiological pH values make several botanical
extracts containing polyphenolics and terpenes very poorly absorbed both
orally and topically.
Bioavailability can be improved by using new delivery systems which can
enhance the rate and the extent of solubilization into aqueous intestinal fluids
and the capacity to cross biomembranes.
Department of pharmacognosy/LMCP/Mrugesh
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4. Polyphenolics exhibit a marked affinity for phospholipids via hydrogen
bondings and dipolar interactions with the charged phosphates groups of
phospholipids.
By complexing the polyphenolic phytoconstituents in a definite ratio with
phosphatidylcholine,
Indena has developed a delivery system named “Phytosome®”.
First phytosomal preparation-Flavonognan Silybin(silymarin)obtained from
Milk thistle fruit having properties of antioxidant,liver detoxification,anti-
inflamatory.
Department of pharmacognosy/LMCP/Mrugesh
Patel 4
5. Phytosomes are novel drug delivery system containing hydrophilic
bioactive phytoconstituents of herbs surround and bound by
phospholipids.
The term “phyto” means plant while “some” means cell-like.
Phytosomes are little cell like structure.
This is advanced forms of herbal formulations which contains the bioactive
phytoconsituents of herb extract surrounds and bound by a lipid. Most of the
bioactive constituents of phytomedicines are water-soluble compounds like
flavonoids, glycosides.
Department of pharmacognosy/LMCP/Mrugesh
Patel 5
6. Phospholipid:
a) Phosphotidylcholine
b) Phosphotidylethanolamine
c) Phosphotidylserine
Phospholipid : drug(2:1 or 1:1)
Department of pharmacognosy/LMCP/Mrugesh
Patel 6
7. There is a dramatic enhancement of the bioavailability of botanical extract
due to their complexation with phospholipid and improved absorption in
the intestinal tract.
They permit the non-lipophilic botanical extract to allow better absorption
from the intestinal lumen, which is otherwise not possible.
Phytosome process produces a little cell whereby the valuable component of
the herbal extracts are protected from destruction by digestive secretions
and gut bacteria.
The formulation of phytosomes is safe and the components have all been
approved for pharmaceuticals and cosmetic use.
Phytosomes shows better stability profile because chemical bond are
formed between phosphotidylcholine molecules and phytoconstituents.
Department of pharmacognosy/LMCP/Mrugesh
Patel 7
8. They have been used to deliver liver protecting flavonoids because
they can be made easily bioavailable by phytosomes.
Entrapment efficiency is high and more over predetermined because
drug itself in conjugation with lipids is forming vesicles.
Phosphotidylcholine used in the phytosomes process besides acting as a
carrier also nourishes the skin because it is a essential part of cell
membrane.
They can be also used for enhanced permeation of drug through skin
for transdermal and dermal delivery.
Their low solubility in the aqueous media allows the formation of
stable emulsions or creams.
Phytosomes are also superior to liposomes in the skin care products.
Department of pharmacognosy/LMCP/Mrugesh
Patel 8
9. PHYTOSOMES LIPOSOMES
Active chemical
constituents(phytoconstituents)
are anchored through
chemical bonds to the polar
head of the phospholipids.
Active chemical constituents is
dissolved in the medium of the
cavity or in the layer of the
membrane.
No chemical bonds are
formed.
Ratio of phosphatidylcholine
to phytoconstituents is 1:1
or 2:1 , depending on the
phytoconstituents.
Thousand of
phosphatidylcholine
molecules surrounds the water
soluble molecules.
Department of pharmacognosy/LMCP/Mrugesh
Patel 9
10. The most significant dietary source of the essential nutrient choline, is an
orthomolecule ubiquitous in known life form.
Besides being an important emulsifier in the lungs,gastrointestinal tract,bile.
PC is the principal molecular building block for circulating lipoproteins and
for cell membrane. They are making up the matrix into which fit a large
variety of proteins that are enzymes, transport proteins, receptors and
other biological energy converters.
Manage the vast majority of life processes.
As a carrier for both fat-miscible and water-miscible nutrient.
Department of pharmacognosy/LMCP/Mrugesh
Patel 10
11. Phytosomes are prepared by reacting natural or synthetic phospholipids with active
components like bioflavonoid, flavolignan and polyphenolic constituents.
Solvent Evaporation method is the most common technique used for the
preparation of phytosomes.(Refluxed at 50-60C for 2hr). Phytosomes of
ginsenoside, puerarin and kushenin are prepared in this manner.
Mechanical Dispersion method is used for the preparation of marsupsin-
phospholipid complexes.
Phospholipids is dissolved in a suitable solvent and active ingredient is added drop
by drop while sonicating the solution .Phospholipid complex is sometimes prepared
under reflux and stirring conditions to effect complete interaction.
Prepared complex called phytosome can be isolated by precipitation with
nonsolvent,lyophilization,spray drying or vacuum drying.
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12. Visualization of particle size
Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)
Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)
Spectroscopic evaluation
1
H-NMR
13
C-NMR
FTIR(Chemical stability)
Entrapment efficiency(Ultracentifugation)
Spreadibility
Percentage yield
DSC
Department of pharmacognosy/LMCP/Mrugesh
Patel 12
13. Can be formulated :
(a)Orally
(b)Topically
The formulation tips here shown is indicated by the Indena for
(a) Soft gelatin capsules
(b) Hard gelatin capsules
(c) Tablets
(d) Topical dosage form
Department of pharmacognosy/LMCP/Mrugesh
Patel 13
17. Phytosome Herbal drug Indication
Ginkgoselect ®
ginkgobiloba Improve memory,
Brain function,
Anti inflammatory agent
Silybin®
Silybum marianum Anti oxidant,
Anti aging,
Hepatoprotective
Hawthore®
Crataegus oxyacantha Help to strengthen heart
and cardiovascular
system
Ginselect®
Panax ginseng Promote adaptogenic
functions and resistance
to stress
Curcumin Curcuma longa Chemoprotective agent
Grapseed Grapseed Natural antioxidant
protectantDepartment of pharmacognosy/LMCP/Mrugesh
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18. Phytosome Herbal drug Indication
Greenselect®
Camellia sinensis Antioxidant,
Cardioprotective,
Food product
Mirtoselect®
Vaccinium myrtillus Antioxidant
Leucoselect®
Vitis vinifera Cardiovascular protectant,
Anti-inflammatory,
Antioxidant
Sabalselect®
Serenoa repens Non-cancerous prostate
enlargement
Lymphaselect®
Melilotus officinalis Effective in hemorrhoids,
thrombophlebitis, post-
surgical edema formation,
lymphedema
OleaselectTM
Olea europaea Antioxidant, inhibit harmful
oxidation of LDL
PolinaceaTM
Echinacea angostifolia Enhance immune function
in response to toxic
challenge
Department of pharmacognosy/LMCP/Mrugesh
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19. 1. Shalini Sharma,"Phytosomes : AN EMERGING TECHNOLOGY”,
JPRD/2010/PUB/ARTI/VOV-2/ISSUE-5/JULY/2014,ISSN 0974 – 9446.
2. Sanjat Saha,Phytomes:a brief overview,2013:2(1):12-20.
3. Asit R Sahu, Formulation and Evaluation of Phytosome Drug Delivery
System of Boswellia Serrata Extract, Int J Res Med. 2015; 4(2);94-99.
4. Sushila Rathee, Optimization and development of Antidiabetic phytosomes
by box-benhken design, ISSN: 0898-2104 (Print) 1532-2394.
5. http://ijpsr.com/bft-article/phytosomes-a-novel-drug-delivery-for-herbal-
extracts/?view=fulltext
6. https://www.pharmatutor.org/articles/phytosomes-is-a-novel-drug-delivery-
system-based-herbal-formulation-an-review
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