This document discusses the extraction and isolation of lycopene from various natural sources. It describes several methods that have been used to extract lycopene from fruits like tomatoes, watermelon, and papaya. These include extraction with organic solvents like benzene, methanol, hexane, acetone, and ethanol. The highest yields of lycopene were obtained from cherry tomatoes using acetone-petroleum ether extraction. Spectroscopic analysis revealed lycopene absorbs strongly at wavelengths of 445, 471, and 500 nm. Different extraction methods allow isolation of lycopene in its pure form from natural sources where it acts as a powerful antioxidant.
Terpenoids are volatile substances which give plants and flowers their fragrance. They occur widely in the leaves and fruits of higher plants, conifers, citrus and eucalyptus. The term ‘terpene’ was given to the compounds isolated from terpentine, a volatile liquid isolated from pine trees.
Nutraceuticals chapter of Advance Pharmacognosy 1 of M Pharm syllabus.
This presentation involves Introduction to Nutraceuticals,
Classification of Nutraceuticals, Herbs as a food, Inorganic /mineral supplements, brief benefits of vitamin supplements, digestive enzymes and its example, use of cereals and Grains, importance of Antioxidants and Polyunsaturated fatty acids, an example of formulation and standardization of Multivitamin Tablets, what all regulatory requirement we need to manufacture Nutraceuticals and FSSAI guidelines for Nutraceuticals, sources- mediinal use - marker compound of some usually used Nutraceuticals.
What gives carrot & tomato their red color? What is responsible for the yellow color of papaya & mango. This presentation unlocks the secret behind these facts. Enjoy your journey to the colorful world of CAROTENOIDS.
Phytopharmaceuticals: Occurrence, isolation and characteristic features (chemical nature, uses in pharmacy, medicinal and health benefits) of Quercetin
Terpenoids are volatile substances which give plants and flowers their fragrance. They occur widely in the leaves and fruits of higher plants, conifers, citrus and eucalyptus. The term ‘terpene’ was given to the compounds isolated from terpentine, a volatile liquid isolated from pine trees.
Nutraceuticals chapter of Advance Pharmacognosy 1 of M Pharm syllabus.
This presentation involves Introduction to Nutraceuticals,
Classification of Nutraceuticals, Herbs as a food, Inorganic /mineral supplements, brief benefits of vitamin supplements, digestive enzymes and its example, use of cereals and Grains, importance of Antioxidants and Polyunsaturated fatty acids, an example of formulation and standardization of Multivitamin Tablets, what all regulatory requirement we need to manufacture Nutraceuticals and FSSAI guidelines for Nutraceuticals, sources- mediinal use - marker compound of some usually used Nutraceuticals.
What gives carrot & tomato their red color? What is responsible for the yellow color of papaya & mango. This presentation unlocks the secret behind these facts. Enjoy your journey to the colorful world of CAROTENOIDS.
Phytopharmaceuticals: Occurrence, isolation and characteristic features (chemical nature, uses in pharmacy, medicinal and health benefits) of Quercetin
Unit 2. Regulatory requirements for setting herbal drug industry:
Content: Global marketing management.
Indian and International patent law as applicable herbal drugs and natural products.
Export - Import (EXIM) policy, TRIPS.
Quality assurance in herbal/natural drug products.
Concepts of TQM, GMP, GLP, ISO-9000.
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum. They are native to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice. Cloves are commercially harvested primarily in Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Tanzania.
Regulatory requirement for setting herbal drug industryRAGHAV DOGRA
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80 percent of the population of some Asian and African countries presently use herbal medicine for some aspect of primary health care.Pharmaceuticals are prohibitively expensive for most of the world's population, half of whom lived on less than $2 U.S. per day in 2002. In comparison, herbal medicines can be grown from seed or gathered from nature for little or no cost
patent (/ˈpætənt/ or /ˈpeɪtənt/) is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for detailed public disclosure of an invention. An invention is a solution to a specific technological problem and is a product or a process. Patents are a form of intellectual property.
Flavonoids classification, isolation and identificationMona Ismail
Flavonoids are groups of polyphenolic compounds which are found in fruits, flowers, seeds & vegetable.
(named from the Latin word flavus meaning yellow, their colour in nature)
coumarin; umbelliferone and its biosynthesis and isolation.
terpenoide; cucurbitacine and its biosynthesis and isolation purification and characterization
Withanolides are a group of at least 300 naturally occurring steroids built on an ergostane skeleton.They occur as secondary metabolites primarily in genera of the Nightshade family, for example in the tomatillo.
Structurally, withanolides consist of a steroid backbone bound to a lactone or one of its derivatives; they are produced via oxidation of steroids. It remains unknown to what end withanolides are produced; they may act as a deterrent for feeding insect larvae and other herbivores
Marine natural products: General methods of isolation and
purification, Study of Marine toxins, Recent advances in research
in marine drugs, Problems faced in research on marine drugs
such as taxonomical identification, chemical screening and their
solution.
Unit 2. Regulatory requirements for setting herbal drug industry:
Content: Global marketing management.
Indian and International patent law as applicable herbal drugs and natural products.
Export - Import (EXIM) policy, TRIPS.
Quality assurance in herbal/natural drug products.
Concepts of TQM, GMP, GLP, ISO-9000.
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum. They are native to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice. Cloves are commercially harvested primarily in Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Tanzania.
Regulatory requirement for setting herbal drug industryRAGHAV DOGRA
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80 percent of the population of some Asian and African countries presently use herbal medicine for some aspect of primary health care.Pharmaceuticals are prohibitively expensive for most of the world's population, half of whom lived on less than $2 U.S. per day in 2002. In comparison, herbal medicines can be grown from seed or gathered from nature for little or no cost
patent (/ˈpætənt/ or /ˈpeɪtənt/) is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for detailed public disclosure of an invention. An invention is a solution to a specific technological problem and is a product or a process. Patents are a form of intellectual property.
Flavonoids classification, isolation and identificationMona Ismail
Flavonoids are groups of polyphenolic compounds which are found in fruits, flowers, seeds & vegetable.
(named from the Latin word flavus meaning yellow, their colour in nature)
coumarin; umbelliferone and its biosynthesis and isolation.
terpenoide; cucurbitacine and its biosynthesis and isolation purification and characterization
Withanolides are a group of at least 300 naturally occurring steroids built on an ergostane skeleton.They occur as secondary metabolites primarily in genera of the Nightshade family, for example in the tomatillo.
Structurally, withanolides consist of a steroid backbone bound to a lactone or one of its derivatives; they are produced via oxidation of steroids. It remains unknown to what end withanolides are produced; they may act as a deterrent for feeding insect larvae and other herbivores
Marine natural products: General methods of isolation and
purification, Study of Marine toxins, Recent advances in research
in marine drugs, Problems faced in research on marine drugs
such as taxonomical identification, chemical screening and their
solution.
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of clove mistletoe leaf extr...iosrphr_editor
Clove mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq) is one of the semi-parasitic plants belonging to the Loranthaceae family. Clove mistletoe leaf extracts have many biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of secondary metabolites in clove mistletoe leaf extracts through phytochemical screening and determine its antioxidant activity through DPPH free radical scavenging. Samples were tested include water and ethanol 70 % extracts, as well as n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol fractions. Phytochemical screening showed that all samples containing tannins and flavonoids but no alkaloids. The highest total phenol contents was ethyl acetate fraction namely 358.4 mg GAE/ g. The best antioxidant activity was water extract, ethanol 70 % extract and ethyl acetate fraction. Therefore, clove mistletoe leaf extracts are potential source for antioxidant.
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of clove mistletoe leaf extr...iosrphr_editor
Clove mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq) is one of the semi-parasitic plants belonging to the Loranthaceae family. Clove mistletoe leaf extracts have many biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of secondary metabolites in clove mistletoe leaf extracts through phytochemical screening and determine its antioxidant activity through DPPH free radical scavenging. Samples were tested include water and ethanol 70 % extracts, as well as n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol fractions. Phytochemical screening showed that all samples containing tannins and flavonoids but no alkaloids. The highest total phenol contents was ethyl acetate fraction namely 358.4 mg GAE/ g. The best antioxidant activity was water extract, ethanol 70 % extract and ethyl acetate fraction. Therefore, clove mistletoe leaf extracts are potential source for antioxidant.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Phytochemical screening of orange peel and pulpeSAT Journals
Abstract The oranges were purchased from the local market of Bela. The orange peel and pulp were subjected to successive extraction with solvents in increasing order of their polarity viz. Acetone, hexane, methanol and distilled water. Orange peel and pulp powder was extracted separately by aqueous extraction. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of tannins, saponins etc. Anthraquiones were completely absent in both the citrus peel and pulp. Keywords: orange, alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins.
Enzyme Assisted Extraction of Carotenoids from TomatoesManali Parab
Enzyme Assisted Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomatoes
Comparison between classical method and new enzymatic method.
Enzymes used: Carenzyme and Pectinex
Total phenolics and total flavonoids of extracts from freshwater Clam (Corbic...Innspub Net
The ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts of the freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) were studied for the total phenolics and total flavonoids. Total phenolics and total flavonoids of the extracts were evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteau and Aluminum chloride colorimetric methods respectively. The findings showed that the total phenolics of the ethanol extract (1.67±0.28mg GAE/g of dried sample) were substantially higher than the total phenolics obtained from the ethyl acetate (0.70±0.00mg GAE/g) and hexane extracts (0.56±0.23mg GAE/g). While the total flavonoids in the ethyl acetate extract displayed a slightly higher total flavonoid (43.84±0.92mg QE/g of dried sample) relative to ethanol (30.41±1.34mg QE/g of dried sample) and hexane extracts (20.28±0.00mg QE/g of dried sample). Using ethanol, the highest yield for extraction was obtained. Ethanol is the best solvent among the three – ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane in terms of extraction yield and total phenolics. In addition, it can be inferred that the presence of significant amounts of phenolics and flavonoids suggests that freshwater clam is a promising source of antioxidants that provides nourishing proteins and oxidative stress remedies
Total Phenol and Antioxidant from Seed and Peel of Ripe and Unripe of Indones...iosrphr_editor
Study on total phenol and antioxidantactivity ofsugar apple fruits of various solvent, part of fruits, and level of ripening. Solvent extraction used were 80% (v/v) methanol, 50% (v/v) acetone, boiling water, and 50% (v/v) ethanol. Part of fruits thatbeen used for samples were seed and peel which are normally by products of sugar apple processing, level of ripening were unripe, and ripe sugar apple fruits. Total phenol was determined by Folin-ciocalteau method. Total antioxidant was quantified by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) method.Therewas a difference in type of solvent, part of fruits, and level of ripeningon total phenol and antioxidant concentration of sugar apple fruits. Seeds have higher total phenol concentration than peels of this fruits. Unripe sugar apple fruits have higher total phenol and antioxidant than ripe fruit. The best solvent for phenol extraction was ethanol 50%butthe best solvent for antioxidant extraction was acetone 50%.
Adsorption of Phenol from Aqueous Solution using Algal BiocharSagar Sonkar
Although the food and beverage industries are not as polluting as some other sectors like metal or leather industries, but they have been responsible for air, water and soil pollution by emitting dust and unpleasant odor in the air.
If the effluents from the food and beverage industry are contaminated with toxic metals, these can affect adversely on human health.
Phenolic compounds which are present in various concentrations in several of these waste streams cause toxic effects and are reported as Cancer causing and may also cause long-term ecological damage.
Microalgae have been reported to accumulate pollutants such as heavy metals, hexachlorobenzene, herbicides, insecticides and even Phenol.
Spirulina Platensis, that was commonly used as nutritional supplements, could be easily cultured, and the species were shown to thrive in municipal and agricultural wastewater effluents for removal of contaminants by production of biochar.
The most common method for the removal of this dissolved organic material is the adsorption with activated carbon, a product that is produced from a variety of carbonaceous materials and biochar is one of it.
Extraction of Pectin from Mangifera Indica Linn. Indian Mango Fruit Peelijtsrd
This study extracted pectin from the fruit peels of Mangifera indica Linn. Indian Mango sold in Catarman. The Mango fruit peels pectin has greenish light brown color, sweet dry smell odor and coarse texture. The 0.5 pectin solution has pH of 4, acidic and is soluble in water but insoluble in both hexane and chloroform reagents. Extracted pectin has 280°C to 284°C high melting point and gelling point of 32°C in 10min. The glucose content of extracted pectin is 2 and few from chloride ions. Extracted pectin is comparable in terms of odor, texture, solubility and glucose content to commercial pectin but quit incomparable in color, pH, melting point, gelling point and chloride ion test. Aurelia Jane Jatap | Melinda C. Getalado ""Extraction of Pectin from Mangifera Indica Linn. (Indian Mango) Fruit Peel"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25180.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/25180/extraction-of-pectin-from-mangifera-indica-linn-indian-mango-fruit-peel/aurelia-jane-jatap
Is the separation of medicinally active portions of plant (and animal) tissues using selective solvents through standard procedures.
The products so obtained from plants are relatively complex mixtures of metabolites, in liquid or semisolid state or in dry powder form (after removing the solvent), & are intended for oral or external use
The Medicinal plants constitute an effective source of both traditional and modern medicines, herbal medicine has been shown to have genuine utility and about 80% of rural population depends on it as primary health care. [WHO, (2005)]
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A Study of Employee Satisfaction relating to Job Security & Working Hours amo...iosrjce
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Broadcast Management in Nigeria: The systems approach as an imperativeiosrjce
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Consumers’ Behaviour on Sony Xperia: A Case Study on Bangladeshiosrjce
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Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
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Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
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Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
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I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
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👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
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Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
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Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3
Extraction and Isolation of Lycopene Form Various Natural Sources
1. IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB)
e-ISSN: XXXX-XXXX, p-ISSN: XXXX-XXXX, Volume 1, Issue 5 (Jul. – Aug. 2015), PP 49-51
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 49 | Page
Extraction and Isolation of Lycopene Form Various Natural
Sources
Simran Lilwani, Vrinda Nair
D Y Patil University, School Of Biotechnology And Bioinformatics
Abstract: Lycopene is a carotenoid pigment and phytochemical found in tomatoes, water melon and other
fruits mostly red coloured. The antioxidant properties of lycopene have attracted attentions due to its biological
properties and are thought to be primarily responsible for its benefits in health related problems. Extraction
and isolation of lycopene can be done with various methods. Several studies have been undertaken for the
extraction of lycopene and for its quantification in various natural sources.
Keywords: Lycopene, extraction, hexane, acetone, benzene, ethanol.
I. Introduction
Fruits and vegetables are main source of natural antioxidant components. Antioxidants give protection
against harmful free radicals and reduce rate of cancer and heart disease1. The most efficient carotenoid
antioxidant is lycopene. Lycopene is a natural pigment which protects the body by neutralizing the negative
effects of oxidants. In the synthesis of vitamin A lycopene plays an important role as an intermediate and
carotenoid like β-carotene and β cryptoxent in, influences its development. Lycopene is soluble in fat and
synthesized by plants and microorganisms. Regular intake of lycopene containing food reduces the risk of body
tumor especially prostate cancer; studies have shown that the antioxidants vitamin E, selenium, and lycopene all
reduces risk of prostate cancer. Therefore, it would say that lycopene is very important for cancer prevention; it
also reduces LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular diseases. It is a carotenoid and gives red colour to vegetables
and fruits.Lycopene in processed foods is mainly in the form of the isomers. Its molecular formula is C40 H56
and 536.88 is its molecular weight. Lycopene is highly unsaturated hydrocarbon with 13 double bonds, it has
been reported that 11 unsaturated bonds are conjugated. Conjugated bonds of lycopene molecule gives ability to
act as an antioxidant and make it more efficient for the use of human health. Natural food sources of lycopene
are tomatoes, watermelon, pink guava, pink grapes, papaya and apricots.Lycopene has been extracted from the
several different fruits and berries. It was first isolated from Tamuscommunis by Harsten in 1873. When
consumption of lycopene from different products up to 150 mg daily shows no side effects.Recent studies have
shown that ingested lycopene is metabolized in the body. Several metabolites have now been identified and
characterized [1].
Fig. 1: Chemical Structure of Lycopene
II. Material and Methods
1) Benzene Extraction Method-
We made a paste separately of watermelon,tomato and papaya. In the laboratory weigh 100 gm. paste
ofeach of the three fruits.100 gm. of sample of watermelon taken in a 250 ml beaker.Then warm the paste and
add about 30 ml of warm (400C)benzene to it. Stir well and decant the benzene layer. Again add30 ml warm
benzene, stir and decant the benzene. This has been done about 5 times. Then distil off benzene and we got
residue of Lycopene. Recrystallized residue by ether and weighed. Repeat the steps with other sample of tomato
and papaya and recorded the observations. Identification test of the isolated Lycopene were performed using
chemical tests and by microscopic study, identification of chemical structure was done using visible
spectrophotometer [1].
2. Extraction and Isolation of Lycopene Form Various Natural Sources
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2) Methanol Extraction Method-
Fifty grams tomato paste was dehydrated by adding 65 ml methanol. This mixture was immediately
shaken vigorously to prevent the formation of hard lumps. After 2 hr, the thick suspension was filtered; the dark
red cake was shaken for another 15 min with 75 ml mixture of equal volume of methanol and carbon
tetrachloride and separated by filtration. The carbon tetrachloride phase was transferred to a separatory funnel;
added one volume of water and shaked well. After phase separation, the carbon tetrachloride phase was
evaporated and the residue was diluted with about 2ml of benzene. Using a dropper, 1 ml of boiling methanol
was added in portion, then crystals of crude lycopene were appeared immediately and the crystallization was
completed by keeping the liquid at room temperature and ice bath, respectively. The crystals were washed 10
times using benzene and boiling methanol.
Long, red lycopene prisms were observed under the microscope with some colorless impurity
substances. For more purification, column chromatography on active acidic alumina using toluene as eluent was
done. The deep red zone was collected. After complete evaporation of solvent, the residue was dissolved in 2 ml
benzene. After recrystallization using boiling methanol, no colorless substances observed. Crystalline lycopene
is not isomerized but has a tendency to autoxidation (or air oxidation), especially in light, so it was kept in dark
evacuated glass tubes prior to use [2].
3) Acetone - Ethanol –Hexane Extraction Method-
Three solvents were used for comparison of extraction efficiency: (1) acetone, (2) ethanol, and (3)
hexane. Tomato pastes were submitted to extraction with each solvent (1:10 v/v) by means of shaker for 30
minutes. The extraction was performed at room temperature with light protection by covering the vessels with
aluminium foil. The lycopene contents were assayed for purity and concentration by UV–Vis spectroscopy at
472 nm (maximum of absorption for lycopene) [3].
4) Acetone-petroleum ether extraction method-
Sample (1.0-1.5 g powder) was extracted with 10mL acetone-petroleum ether (50% v/v). The upper
lycopene-containing organic layer was removed by means of a pipette and collected in test tube. Extraction was
repeated. The extracts were combined, washed with 15mL saturated aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) and
removed the aqueous wash with a micropipette. The extract was washed with 10mL of 10% aqueous potassium
carbonate (K2CO3) and removed the aqueous wash. The lycopene-containing organic layer was dried with a
drying agent (calcium chloride). The excess solvent was allowed to evaporate at room temperature for a few
minutes in the dark. The tubes containing lycopene extracts were covered with aluminium foil and stored in
freezer until further analysis [4].
5) Hexane extraction method-
Sample (0.3 to 0.6 g powder) was weighed in a beaker, 5 mL BHT-acetone solution (0.05%, w/v), 5
mL ethanol and 10 mL hexane was added. The beaker was placed in a bowl of ice on a magnetic stirring plate,
stirred for 15 min and added 3 mL distilled water. It was shaken for 5 min on ice and incubated at room
temperature for 5 min to allow the separation of both phases. The upper layer containing lycopene was isolated
by means of a pipette and collected in a test tube. The tubes containing lycopene extracts were covered with
aluminium foil and stored in the freezer until further analysis [4].
III. Discussion
The extraction and isolation of lycopene has been carried out using different methods and the yield of
lycopene showed to be high in natural sources of lycopene.
The benzene test initially helps us to identify lycopene in the residue. A simple liquid-liquid extraction
method was employed to extract lycopene in minimum organic solvent. Crystals were purified by
recrystallization from ether. Obtained crystals were then observed under projection microscope [1]
The extracted lycopene in acetone provided three characteristic peaks at 445, 471 and 500 nm. The use
of hexane showed similar characteristic peaks at 445, 471 and 502 nm.It could be stated that acetone with lower
toxicity (TLV-TWA 500 ppm) was successfully used as extracting solvent of lycopene in tomato paste [2]
Acetone-petroleum ether extraction resulted in higher crude lycopene yield than hexane extraction.
During purification by column chromatography, lycopene had more affinity with alumina due to its high degree
of unsaturation and was eluted after yellow-orange carotene pigments. A typical carotenoid such as lycopene
displays maximum absorbance at 476nm. Spectrophotometry results revealed that lycopene showed maximum
absorbance at 476nm, followed closely by absorbance at 503nm. The purified lycopene content was found to be
the maximum in cherry tomato (88.87 mg/kg) as compared to Pakistani tomato (55.84 mg/kg) and watermelon
(74.53 mg/kg). Lycopene content in tomato ranges from 55 to 181 mg/kg [41], 4.31 to 5.97 mg/100 g fw [4]
3. Extraction and Isolation of Lycopene Form Various Natural Sources
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IV. Conclusion
Results of the studies showed that the fruits analyzed having high concentration of Lycopene
[1].Tomato can be a good natural source of lycopene. Of course, more simple, new, and environment friendly
sorbent such as nano and bio materials can be used in the isolation and purification of lycopene from tomato
paste [2]. Hence, lycopene can be extracted using different extraction and isolation methods.
References
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[2]. Aghel N, Ramezani Z, Amirfakhrian S, Isolation and quantification of lycopene from tomato cultivated in dezfoul, Iran,
Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products ; 6(1): 9-15 (2011)
[3]. Pram YODJUN, Khantong SOONTARAPA, and Chutima EAMCHOTCHAWALIT,Separation of Lycopene/Solvent Mixture by
Chitosan Membranes, Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals, Vol.21 No.1 pp.107-113, (2011)
[4]. TehniatShahzad, Ijaz Ahmad, ShahnazChoudhry, Muhammad K Saeed, Muhammad N Khan, Dpph free radical scavenging activity
of tomato, cherry tomato and watermelon: lycopene extraction, purification and quantification, International Journal of Pharmacy
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