Paperstudy 신애
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•2,735 views
This document analyzes collagenolytic activity and reactivity of MMP-1 and MMP-13 in UV-treated skin. It finds that MMP-1 expression and activity are strongly upregulated in skin exposed to UV light, while MMP-13 is barely detected. Organ culture fluid from UV-treated skin degrades type I collagen, primarily generating 3/4 and 1/4 fragments. This collagen-degrading activity is inhibited by over 95% when treated with an antibody targeting MMP-1, indicating that MMP-1 is the predominant collagenase responsible for collagen damage caused by UV exposure in human skin.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
130126 paper study 준섭
Sulforaphane, found widely in broccoli, inhibits melanin synthesis and tyrosinase expression in B16 mouse melanoma cells. The study found that 5M sulforaphane inhibited melanogenesis to an equivalent level as 100M arbutin. Sulforaphane activates phosphorylated ERK and inhibits phosphorylated p38, affecting the mitogen-activated protein kinase family which controls tyrosinase expression. By regulating the MAP kinase family, sulforaphane inhibits melanogenesis and tyrosinase without cytotoxic effects, indicating it may be an effective skin-whitening agent.
paper 은경
This study analyzed the processing and trafficking of melanogenic proteins in primary melanocytes from mice with the underwhite (uw) mutation, a model for oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) type 4 in humans. The researchers found that uw-mutant melanocytes constantly secrete dark vesicles containing tyrosinase and other melanogenic enzymes into the medium, unlike wild-type melanocytes. Although tyrosinase synthesis was similar between uw-mutant and wild-type cells, tyrosinase activity and melanosome enrichment were reduced in uw-mutant cells. The abnormal tyrosinase secretion from uw-mutant cells, along with other findings, suggests OCA4 disrup
srep43028
1. A novel mutated chimeric tissue plasminogen activator (mt-PA) was developed by removing the first three domains of t-PA, inserting a GHRP sequence, and mutating it to resist plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). 2. Mt-PA was expressed in Expi293F cells at a level of 5000 IU/mL and purified. 3. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats found mt-PA to have an elimination half-life of 19.1-26.1 minutes, plasma clearance of 3.8-5.9 mL/min, and mean residence time of 23.3-31.8 minutes - all significantly longer than wild-type
gonadocorticoids: a potential treatment for parkinson's disease
estrogens are useful in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. the estrogen receptors and the mechanism behind their effect is shown in the ppt.
Cytarabine
Cytarabine is a chemotherapy drug used to treat cancers of white blood cells. It works as an antimetabolite by being converted into its active triphosphate form, which then gets incorporated into DNA during the S-phase of cell division. This incorporation interferes with DNA synthesis and causes DNA fragmentation, leading to apoptosis. However, cancer cells can develop resistance by overexpressing drug transporters and deaminase enzymes that inactivate cytarabine or reduce its conversion to the active triphosphate form.
Proteomics
This document provides an overview of proteomics, including protein modification and sequencing. It defines the proteome and proteomics, giving a brief history. It describes the main types of proteomics including expression and interaction proteomics. It also outlines some of the key tools and methods used in proteomics, including protein structure databases and the main methods for protein sequencing like N-terminal sequencing. The document concludes by defining and describing different types of protein modification like trimming and covalent attachments. It also lists some related proteomics tools.
FineSydney LSSURP Poster
Over-expression of APOBEC3B (A3B) has little to no effect on the efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in killing mammary epithelial MCF10A cells. The study found that transfecting, transducing, or treating MCF10A cells with PMA to induce A3B expression did not significantly impact cell viability when treated with varying concentrations of 5-FU. Repeating the experiments in A3B-high cancer cell lines and investigating the mechanisms of how A3B and 5-FU may complement each other could provide insights for personalized cancer treatment.
5th summary rise slideshare
Magnetic nanoparticles are used in affinity chromatography to efficiently separate proteins. Proteins play important roles in the body but require isolation for various purposes. Magnetic nanoparticles allow for fast, scalable, and automated separation of a target protein from others in a single step. Specifically, the document discusses how magnetic nanoparticles were used to isolate tissue plasminogen activator, an enzyme involved in breaking down blood clots. The nanoparticles were bound to the target protein and then several washes removed nonspecifically bound proteins. An elution step released the pure target protein. Analysis found the target protein was present in initial and waste samples but purified in the eluate, demonstrating the method's effectiveness.
Recommended
130126 paper study 준섭
Sulforaphane, found widely in broccoli, inhibits melanin synthesis and tyrosinase expression in B16 mouse melanoma cells. The study found that 5M sulforaphane inhibited melanogenesis to an equivalent level as 100M arbutin. Sulforaphane activates phosphorylated ERK and inhibits phosphorylated p38, affecting the mitogen-activated protein kinase family which controls tyrosinase expression. By regulating the MAP kinase family, sulforaphane inhibits melanogenesis and tyrosinase without cytotoxic effects, indicating it may be an effective skin-whitening agent.
paper 은경
This study analyzed the processing and trafficking of melanogenic proteins in primary melanocytes from mice with the underwhite (uw) mutation, a model for oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) type 4 in humans. The researchers found that uw-mutant melanocytes constantly secrete dark vesicles containing tyrosinase and other melanogenic enzymes into the medium, unlike wild-type melanocytes. Although tyrosinase synthesis was similar between uw-mutant and wild-type cells, tyrosinase activity and melanosome enrichment were reduced in uw-mutant cells. The abnormal tyrosinase secretion from uw-mutant cells, along with other findings, suggests OCA4 disrup
srep43028
1. A novel mutated chimeric tissue plasminogen activator (mt-PA) was developed by removing the first three domains of t-PA, inserting a GHRP sequence, and mutating it to resist plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). 2. Mt-PA was expressed in Expi293F cells at a level of 5000 IU/mL and purified. 3. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats found mt-PA to have an elimination half-life of 19.1-26.1 minutes, plasma clearance of 3.8-5.9 mL/min, and mean residence time of 23.3-31.8 minutes - all significantly longer than wild-type
gonadocorticoids: a potential treatment for parkinson's disease
estrogens are useful in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. the estrogen receptors and the mechanism behind their effect is shown in the ppt.
Cytarabine
Cytarabine is a chemotherapy drug used to treat cancers of white blood cells. It works as an antimetabolite by being converted into its active triphosphate form, which then gets incorporated into DNA during the S-phase of cell division. This incorporation interferes with DNA synthesis and causes DNA fragmentation, leading to apoptosis. However, cancer cells can develop resistance by overexpressing drug transporters and deaminase enzymes that inactivate cytarabine or reduce its conversion to the active triphosphate form.
Proteomics
This document provides an overview of proteomics, including protein modification and sequencing. It defines the proteome and proteomics, giving a brief history. It describes the main types of proteomics including expression and interaction proteomics. It also outlines some of the key tools and methods used in proteomics, including protein structure databases and the main methods for protein sequencing like N-terminal sequencing. The document concludes by defining and describing different types of protein modification like trimming and covalent attachments. It also lists some related proteomics tools.
FineSydney LSSURP Poster
Over-expression of APOBEC3B (A3B) has little to no effect on the efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in killing mammary epithelial MCF10A cells. The study found that transfecting, transducing, or treating MCF10A cells with PMA to induce A3B expression did not significantly impact cell viability when treated with varying concentrations of 5-FU. Repeating the experiments in A3B-high cancer cell lines and investigating the mechanisms of how A3B and 5-FU may complement each other could provide insights for personalized cancer treatment.
5th summary rise slideshare
Magnetic nanoparticles are used in affinity chromatography to efficiently separate proteins. Proteins play important roles in the body but require isolation for various purposes. Magnetic nanoparticles allow for fast, scalable, and automated separation of a target protein from others in a single step. Specifically, the document discusses how magnetic nanoparticles were used to isolate tissue plasminogen activator, an enzyme involved in breaking down blood clots. The nanoparticles were bound to the target protein and then several washes removed nonspecifically bound proteins. An elution step released the pure target protein. Analysis found the target protein was present in initial and waste samples but purified in the eluate, demonstrating the method's effectiveness.
Protein sequencing
Protein sequencing determines the order of amino acids in a protein. There are two main methods: Sanger's method uses chemical reagents to degrade the protein into fragments for analysis, while Edman degradation sequentially removes amino acids from the N-terminus. Key steps involve breaking disulfide bonds linking cysteine residues, cleaving the polypeptide chain using proteases or chemicals, then analyzing the fragments by chromatography to determine the amino acid sequence. Protein sequencing is important for understanding protein function and cellular processes, and can provide insights into the evolution of life.
Cyclophosphamide ppt
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent used to treat white blood cell cancers and lymphoma. It works by being metabolized into phosphoramide mustard, which adds alkyl groups to DNA, forming crosslinks between and within DNA strands. This leads to DNA damage and ultimately cell death. The expression of genes coding for enzymes involved in cyclophosphamide metabolism, such as cytochrome P450 and ALDH, can affect how sensitive cancer cells are to the drug.
Tumor suppressor gene
This document summarizes several important tumor suppressor genes:
1) The retinoblastoma gene (RB) which regulates the cell cycle and its mutations can cause retinoblastoma cancer.
2) The p53 gene which encodes a protein that regulates the cell cycle and apoptosis, and its mutations are associated with many cancer types.
3) The APC gene which regulates cell renewal in the intestine and its mutations can cause colon cancer.
4) The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes which are involved in DNA repair and their mutations increase risks of breast and ovarian cancers.
Protein sequencing
Protein sequencing is the determination of the amino acid sequence in a protein. There are several methods for protein sequencing including determining the amino acid composition, N-terminal amino acid analysis, C-terminal amino acid analysis, sequencing by proteolytic enzymes, and tandem mass spectrometry. Two important methods for N-terminal amino acid analysis are the Sanger method and Edman degradation method. The Edman degradation method uses phenylisothiocyanate to sequentially remove amino acid residues from the N-terminus to determine the sequence. Proteolytic enzymes can also aid sequencing by cleaving the protein into smaller fragments. Mass spectrometry has also been used to sequence proteins by analyzing the peptide fragments.
Seminar amc 1(antineoplastic agent)
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on antineoplastic agents. It defines antineoplastic agents as those used to prevent abnormal or uncontrolled cell growth, also known as anticancer agents. The document classifies antineoplastic agents into seven categories - alkylating agents, antimetabolites, plant products, antibiotics, hormones, immunotherapy agents, and miscellaneous agents. For each category, examples are provided and brief descriptions of mechanisms of action and uses. Syntheses of cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil are also outlined.
Ardi - Tsri 2008
1) Neutrophil-derived MMP-9, when not complexed with TIMP-1, promotes both physiological angiogenesis and tumor-induced angiogenesis in avian and mouse models.
2) MMP-9 derived from tumor cells or other cell types is usually complexed with TIMP-1 and does not induce angiogenesis, but neutrophil MMP-9 can rescue dampened tumor angiogenesis.
3) Neutrophil MMP-9 may facilitate tumor metastasis by enhancing tumor angiogenesis and making FGF-2 bioavailable, thereby promoting processes in the metastasis cascade like intravasation.
Anti metabolites
Antimetabolites are a class of chemotherapy drugs that work by interfering with DNA and RNA synthesis in cancer cells. They include folic acid analogs like methotrexate, purine analogs like mercaptopurine, and pyrimidine analogs like 5-fluorouracil. These drugs are used to treat many types of cancer including leukemias, lymphomas, and solid tumors in organs like breast, lung, and colon. While they can be effective, their use is often limited by bone marrow suppression and other toxicities due to their effects on rapidly dividing normal cells.
Okoye_NMDAR Inhibition Poster
NMDA RECEPTOR INHIBITION REDUCES SURVIVAL OF MUTANT P53 BREAST CANCER CELL LINES
The study investigated the effects of inhibiting N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in three mutant p53 breast cancer cell lines using the NMDAR antagonist MK-801. Treatment with MK-801 reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and decreased levels of phosphorylated Akt, which mediates the anti-apoptotic effects of NMDAR activity. The results indicate that NMDAR activity increases cancer cell survival through an mTOR-dependent mechanism, and that NMDAR inhibition may be a potential less toxic treatment strategy for mutant p
Canine oncoprotein targets for Melanoma, Breast Cancer, Osteosarcoma
We can acquire the basic knowledge about canine oncoprotein targets specifically for Melanoma, Osteosarcoma and Breast cancer. I haven't mentioned all the proteins and their targets involved, but just a general overview of these targets with the drugs involved in their treatment/clinical trials.
Cancer Chemotherapy
This document summarizes various classes and subclasses of cancer chemotherapy drugs, including their mechanisms of action, toxicities, and therapeutic uses. It discusses cell cycle-specific agents like alkylating agents, antimetabolites, plant alkaloids, and hormones. Alkylating agents like cyclophosphamide can alkylate DNA. Antimetabolites like methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil interfere with DNA synthesis. Plant alkaloids including vinca alkaloids and taxanes affect microtubules. Hormonal therapies include tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. The document provides detailed information on numerous chemotherapy drugs.
5th summary rise. mnp
Proteins play key roles in living systems and can be purified using affinity chromatography. Magnetic nanoparticles are efficient for protein separation due to their high surface area and ability to be easily separated. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was purified from cells using magnetic nanoparticles coated with tPA ligand. Several wash steps removed nonspecific proteins, then tPA was eluted at low pH into a pure sample. Gel electrophoresis techniques indicated tPA was present in initial samples but not in eluate samples, demonstrating the magnetic nanoparticle method successfully separated tPA.
Cancer chemotherapy
The document discusses various classes of chemotherapy drugs, including their mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, and toxicities. It covers alkylating agents, antimetabolites, plant alkaloids, and other classes. For each drug class or individual drug, it provides details on the biochemical pathway affected, examples of diseases treated, and common side effects.
Molecular mechanisms final
Molecular Mechanisms in Urothelial Cancer – Invasiveness: Systems Approach
This document discusses molecular pathways involved in the progression of urothelial carcinoma from non-invasive to invasive stages. It describes alterations in key pathways such as p53 and Rb that control cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. Proteases like MMPs degrade the extracellular matrix and promote angiogenesis, facilitating tumour invasion and metastasis. The interactions between pathways that regulate the extracellular environment, cell proliferation and cell death determine the invasiveness of urothelial carcinoma.
Seminario de Biologia Molecular
The document summarizes research into how a furanone compound from marine origins can reduce lipid accumulation in cells in vitro by targeting the LXRα and PPARα nuclear receptors. The study used techniques like fluorescent immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, qPCR, and cell viability assays to examine the compound's effects on receptor expression and activity, as well as lipid levels. Results demonstrated that the furanone enhanced proteins involved in cholesterol efflux like ABCA1 and ABCG1 while increasing LXRα and PPARα expression. This suggests it lowers lipids by influencing multiple metabolic pathways regulated by these receptors. The conclusions discuss the compound's potential natural therapeutic application for hyperlipidemia by modulating the important
Protein Sequencing Strategies
Frederick Sanger developed two important methods for protein sequencing: 1) using fluorodinitrobenzene to determine the N-terminal amino acid, and 2) cleaving proteins into fragments and piecing their sequences together. The standard strategy involves separating chains, identifying terminal residues, cleaving the protein, sequencing fragments, and reconstructing the full sequence. The Edman degradation method allows sequential removal of residues from the N-terminus. Mass spectrometry techniques like peptide mass fingerprinting and tandem mass spectrometry now dominate protein sequencing.
MiRNA Agomir/Antagomir Synthesis Services
Creative Biogene is a global leading agomir/ antagomir service provider for all passionate scientific researchers. And our comprehensive synthesis service is supported by Cutting-Edge Chemical Synthesis Technology. Agomir/antagomir are members of a novel class of chemically engineered oligonucleotides.
MiRNA Agomir & Antagomir synthesis service
Creative Biogene is a leading provider of miRNA agomirs and antagomirs for research. Agomirs are chemically modified miRNA mimics that can upregulate endogenous miRNA activity. Antagomirs are single-stranded inhibitors that can downregulate miRNA activity. Both are designed for enhanced stability and uptake. Creative Biogene's agomirs and antagomirs cover human, mouse, and rat miRNAs and are optimized for long-term studies in vitro and in vivo without a delivery vector.
Smith_Biochemistry_2011
1) The study examines the molecular mechanism by which the small molecule distamycin A displaces the HMGA1 protein from DNA. NMR experiments show that distamycin is able to displace an AT hook peptide (DNA binding motif of HMGA1) from DNA.
2) Displaced AT hook peptides weakly interact with DNA but alter distamycin's binding by weakening the distamycin-DNA complex. Distamycin dissociation is also slowed by excess AT hook peptide.
3) Fluorescence anisotropy experiments show that distamycin can effectively displace the full HMGA1a protein from DNA. However, the cooperative binding normally exhibited by distamycin is eliminated by the displaced HMGA1a protein.
Sequencing of protein ppts
This document discusses protein sequencing techniques. It begins by defining protein sequencing as the technique used to determine the amino acid sequence of a protein. It then provides a brief history of protein sequencing, including that Pehr Edman developed the Edman degradation method in 1947 and Fredrick Sanger determined the complete sequence of insulin in 1955. The document goes on to describe various protein sequencing methods such as Edman degradation, which involves sequential identification of amino acids from the N to C terminus using phenyl isothiocyanate. It notes applications of protein sequencing include understanding protein structure and function, and developing drugs.
Birendra kumar singh29 4-13
The document discusses a study that examined how melanosomal pH controls melanin production. The study found that:
- Melanin synthesis in human pigment cell lysates is maximal at pH 6.8, near neutral pH.
- Increasing melanosomal pH through chemical inhibition of vacuolar proton pumps rapidly increased melanogenesis, melanosome maturation, and the ratio of eumelanin production in Caucasian melanocytes and some melanoma cell lines within 24 hours.
- Near neutral pH is optimal for human tyrosinase activity and melanin production, while low melanosomal pH suppresses melanin production in Caucasian melanocytes.
- Melanosomal pH is an essential regulator of multiple stages
130629 paper study 준섭
1) The study examined the effects of bafilomycin A1 on melanin synthesis in p-null murine melanocytes.
2) Results showed that bafilomycin A1 treatment led to increased melanin production in p-null cells by correcting the trafficking defect of tyrosinase and other melanosomal proteins.
3) Specifically, bafilomycin A1 caused accumulation of full-length tyrosinase within melanocytes by reducing its secretion, thereby slightly increasing tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis.
130629 paper 창하
The study investigated the production of sophorolipids (SLs) by Torulopsis bombicola using different lipid precursors such as glucose, hexadecane, and soybean oil. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that hexadecane as a precursor produced a cleaner mixture of predominantly diacetylated lactonic SL isomers with palmitate. Soybean oil as a precursor resulted in SLs corresponding to its fatty acid composition. Production of lactonic SLs increased significantly following addition of the lipid precursors and peaked in stationary phase, while acidic SLs increased gradually. Hexadecane provided the highest SL yield and purity compared to soybean oil and glucose precursors.
More Related Content
What's hot
Protein sequencing
Protein sequencing determines the order of amino acids in a protein. There are two main methods: Sanger's method uses chemical reagents to degrade the protein into fragments for analysis, while Edman degradation sequentially removes amino acids from the N-terminus. Key steps involve breaking disulfide bonds linking cysteine residues, cleaving the polypeptide chain using proteases or chemicals, then analyzing the fragments by chromatography to determine the amino acid sequence. Protein sequencing is important for understanding protein function and cellular processes, and can provide insights into the evolution of life.
Cyclophosphamide ppt
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent used to treat white blood cell cancers and lymphoma. It works by being metabolized into phosphoramide mustard, which adds alkyl groups to DNA, forming crosslinks between and within DNA strands. This leads to DNA damage and ultimately cell death. The expression of genes coding for enzymes involved in cyclophosphamide metabolism, such as cytochrome P450 and ALDH, can affect how sensitive cancer cells are to the drug.
Tumor suppressor gene
This document summarizes several important tumor suppressor genes:
1) The retinoblastoma gene (RB) which regulates the cell cycle and its mutations can cause retinoblastoma cancer.
2) The p53 gene which encodes a protein that regulates the cell cycle and apoptosis, and its mutations are associated with many cancer types.
3) The APC gene which regulates cell renewal in the intestine and its mutations can cause colon cancer.
4) The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes which are involved in DNA repair and their mutations increase risks of breast and ovarian cancers.
Protein sequencing
Protein sequencing is the determination of the amino acid sequence in a protein. There are several methods for protein sequencing including determining the amino acid composition, N-terminal amino acid analysis, C-terminal amino acid analysis, sequencing by proteolytic enzymes, and tandem mass spectrometry. Two important methods for N-terminal amino acid analysis are the Sanger method and Edman degradation method. The Edman degradation method uses phenylisothiocyanate to sequentially remove amino acid residues from the N-terminus to determine the sequence. Proteolytic enzymes can also aid sequencing by cleaving the protein into smaller fragments. Mass spectrometry has also been used to sequence proteins by analyzing the peptide fragments.
Seminar amc 1(antineoplastic agent)
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on antineoplastic agents. It defines antineoplastic agents as those used to prevent abnormal or uncontrolled cell growth, also known as anticancer agents. The document classifies antineoplastic agents into seven categories - alkylating agents, antimetabolites, plant products, antibiotics, hormones, immunotherapy agents, and miscellaneous agents. For each category, examples are provided and brief descriptions of mechanisms of action and uses. Syntheses of cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil are also outlined.
Ardi - Tsri 2008
1) Neutrophil-derived MMP-9, when not complexed with TIMP-1, promotes both physiological angiogenesis and tumor-induced angiogenesis in avian and mouse models.
2) MMP-9 derived from tumor cells or other cell types is usually complexed with TIMP-1 and does not induce angiogenesis, but neutrophil MMP-9 can rescue dampened tumor angiogenesis.
3) Neutrophil MMP-9 may facilitate tumor metastasis by enhancing tumor angiogenesis and making FGF-2 bioavailable, thereby promoting processes in the metastasis cascade like intravasation.
Anti metabolites
Antimetabolites are a class of chemotherapy drugs that work by interfering with DNA and RNA synthesis in cancer cells. They include folic acid analogs like methotrexate, purine analogs like mercaptopurine, and pyrimidine analogs like 5-fluorouracil. These drugs are used to treat many types of cancer including leukemias, lymphomas, and solid tumors in organs like breast, lung, and colon. While they can be effective, their use is often limited by bone marrow suppression and other toxicities due to their effects on rapidly dividing normal cells.
Okoye_NMDAR Inhibition Poster
NMDA RECEPTOR INHIBITION REDUCES SURVIVAL OF MUTANT P53 BREAST CANCER CELL LINES
The study investigated the effects of inhibiting N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in three mutant p53 breast cancer cell lines using the NMDAR antagonist MK-801. Treatment with MK-801 reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and decreased levels of phosphorylated Akt, which mediates the anti-apoptotic effects of NMDAR activity. The results indicate that NMDAR activity increases cancer cell survival through an mTOR-dependent mechanism, and that NMDAR inhibition may be a potential less toxic treatment strategy for mutant p
Canine oncoprotein targets for Melanoma, Breast Cancer, Osteosarcoma
We can acquire the basic knowledge about canine oncoprotein targets specifically for Melanoma, Osteosarcoma and Breast cancer. I haven't mentioned all the proteins and their targets involved, but just a general overview of these targets with the drugs involved in their treatment/clinical trials.
Cancer Chemotherapy
This document summarizes various classes and subclasses of cancer chemotherapy drugs, including their mechanisms of action, toxicities, and therapeutic uses. It discusses cell cycle-specific agents like alkylating agents, antimetabolites, plant alkaloids, and hormones. Alkylating agents like cyclophosphamide can alkylate DNA. Antimetabolites like methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil interfere with DNA synthesis. Plant alkaloids including vinca alkaloids and taxanes affect microtubules. Hormonal therapies include tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. The document provides detailed information on numerous chemotherapy drugs.
5th summary rise. mnp
Proteins play key roles in living systems and can be purified using affinity chromatography. Magnetic nanoparticles are efficient for protein separation due to their high surface area and ability to be easily separated. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was purified from cells using magnetic nanoparticles coated with tPA ligand. Several wash steps removed nonspecific proteins, then tPA was eluted at low pH into a pure sample. Gel electrophoresis techniques indicated tPA was present in initial samples but not in eluate samples, demonstrating the magnetic nanoparticle method successfully separated tPA.
Cancer chemotherapy
The document discusses various classes of chemotherapy drugs, including their mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, and toxicities. It covers alkylating agents, antimetabolites, plant alkaloids, and other classes. For each drug class or individual drug, it provides details on the biochemical pathway affected, examples of diseases treated, and common side effects.
Molecular mechanisms final
Molecular Mechanisms in Urothelial Cancer – Invasiveness: Systems Approach
This document discusses molecular pathways involved in the progression of urothelial carcinoma from non-invasive to invasive stages. It describes alterations in key pathways such as p53 and Rb that control cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. Proteases like MMPs degrade the extracellular matrix and promote angiogenesis, facilitating tumour invasion and metastasis. The interactions between pathways that regulate the extracellular environment, cell proliferation and cell death determine the invasiveness of urothelial carcinoma.
Seminario de Biologia Molecular
The document summarizes research into how a furanone compound from marine origins can reduce lipid accumulation in cells in vitro by targeting the LXRα and PPARα nuclear receptors. The study used techniques like fluorescent immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, qPCR, and cell viability assays to examine the compound's effects on receptor expression and activity, as well as lipid levels. Results demonstrated that the furanone enhanced proteins involved in cholesterol efflux like ABCA1 and ABCG1 while increasing LXRα and PPARα expression. This suggests it lowers lipids by influencing multiple metabolic pathways regulated by these receptors. The conclusions discuss the compound's potential natural therapeutic application for hyperlipidemia by modulating the important
Protein Sequencing Strategies
Frederick Sanger developed two important methods for protein sequencing: 1) using fluorodinitrobenzene to determine the N-terminal amino acid, and 2) cleaving proteins into fragments and piecing their sequences together. The standard strategy involves separating chains, identifying terminal residues, cleaving the protein, sequencing fragments, and reconstructing the full sequence. The Edman degradation method allows sequential removal of residues from the N-terminus. Mass spectrometry techniques like peptide mass fingerprinting and tandem mass spectrometry now dominate protein sequencing.
MiRNA Agomir/Antagomir Synthesis Services
Creative Biogene is a global leading agomir/ antagomir service provider for all passionate scientific researchers. And our comprehensive synthesis service is supported by Cutting-Edge Chemical Synthesis Technology. Agomir/antagomir are members of a novel class of chemically engineered oligonucleotides.
MiRNA Agomir & Antagomir synthesis service
Creative Biogene is a leading provider of miRNA agomirs and antagomirs for research. Agomirs are chemically modified miRNA mimics that can upregulate endogenous miRNA activity. Antagomirs are single-stranded inhibitors that can downregulate miRNA activity. Both are designed for enhanced stability and uptake. Creative Biogene's agomirs and antagomirs cover human, mouse, and rat miRNAs and are optimized for long-term studies in vitro and in vivo without a delivery vector.
Smith_Biochemistry_2011
1) The study examines the molecular mechanism by which the small molecule distamycin A displaces the HMGA1 protein from DNA. NMR experiments show that distamycin is able to displace an AT hook peptide (DNA binding motif of HMGA1) from DNA.
2) Displaced AT hook peptides weakly interact with DNA but alter distamycin's binding by weakening the distamycin-DNA complex. Distamycin dissociation is also slowed by excess AT hook peptide.
3) Fluorescence anisotropy experiments show that distamycin can effectively displace the full HMGA1a protein from DNA. However, the cooperative binding normally exhibited by distamycin is eliminated by the displaced HMGA1a protein.
Sequencing of protein ppts
This document discusses protein sequencing techniques. It begins by defining protein sequencing as the technique used to determine the amino acid sequence of a protein. It then provides a brief history of protein sequencing, including that Pehr Edman developed the Edman degradation method in 1947 and Fredrick Sanger determined the complete sequence of insulin in 1955. The document goes on to describe various protein sequencing methods such as Edman degradation, which involves sequential identification of amino acids from the N to C terminus using phenyl isothiocyanate. It notes applications of protein sequencing include understanding protein structure and function, and developing drugs.
What's hot (19)
Canine oncoprotein targets for Melanoma, Breast Cancer, Osteosarcoma
Canine oncoprotein targets for Melanoma, Breast Cancer, Osteosarcoma
Viewers also liked
Birendra kumar singh29 4-13
The document discusses a study that examined how melanosomal pH controls melanin production. The study found that:
- Melanin synthesis in human pigment cell lysates is maximal at pH 6.8, near neutral pH.
- Increasing melanosomal pH through chemical inhibition of vacuolar proton pumps rapidly increased melanogenesis, melanosome maturation, and the ratio of eumelanin production in Caucasian melanocytes and some melanoma cell lines within 24 hours.
- Near neutral pH is optimal for human tyrosinase activity and melanin production, while low melanosomal pH suppresses melanin production in Caucasian melanocytes.
- Melanosomal pH is an essential regulator of multiple stages
130629 paper study 준섭
1) The study examined the effects of bafilomycin A1 on melanin synthesis in p-null murine melanocytes.
2) Results showed that bafilomycin A1 treatment led to increased melanin production in p-null cells by correcting the trafficking defect of tyrosinase and other melanosomal proteins.
3) Specifically, bafilomycin A1 caused accumulation of full-length tyrosinase within melanocytes by reducing its secretion, thereby slightly increasing tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis.
130629 paper 창하
The study investigated the production of sophorolipids (SLs) by Torulopsis bombicola using different lipid precursors such as glucose, hexadecane, and soybean oil. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that hexadecane as a precursor produced a cleaner mixture of predominantly diacetylated lactonic SL isomers with palmitate. Soybean oil as a precursor resulted in SLs corresponding to its fatty acid composition. Production of lactonic SLs increased significantly following addition of the lipid precursors and peaked in stationary phase, while acidic SLs increased gradually. Hexadecane provided the highest SL yield and purity compared to soybean oil and glucose precursors.
130803 paper melanie
This study examined the rs1426654 polymorphism in the SLC24A5 gene in 158 Greek patients with minor skin diseases. The researchers found that 99% of subjects carried the Thr111/Thr111 allele, with only two samples showing heterozygosity for the alanine and threonine alleles. They concluded that the Thr111/Thr111 haplotype is fixed in Europeans, even in those with darker skin, whereas MC1R regulates subtle pigmentation differences within white populations. In contrast, SLC24A5 is responsible for larger pigmentation differences among populations.
130803 paper study 준섭
The P protein regulates melanosomal pH through proton transport. Recessive mutations in the P gene lead to hypopigmentation by disrupting melanosomal acidification. The P protein likely functions with a proton pump to acidify melanosomes, favoring tyrosinase activity and melanosome biogenesis. Abnormal pH in P-deficient mice prevents proper targeting of proteins like tyrosinase, resulting in underpigmented melanosomes. The human P gene is homologous and causes oculocutaneous albinism when mutated.
130629paper
This document summarizes small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), including their classification, biogenesis, mechanisms of action, and functions. siRNAs are non-coding RNAs 19-28 nucleotides in length that are derived from double-stranded RNA and induce gene silencing through base pairing with target molecules. The document outlines the major classifications of siRNAs and how they are processed from precursor molecules by RNase III enzymes like Dicer and Drosha. It also describes the four mechanisms by which siRNAs carry out gene silencing, including endonucleolytic cleavage, translational repression, transcriptional repression, and DNA elimination.
Capsule and its annovation
This document provides an introduction to capsules and innovations in capsule dosage forms. It discusses the definition of capsules and the main types, which are hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules. The document then covers innovations in capsule shells, including non-animal capsules made of materials like HPMC, pullulan, PVA, and starch. It also discusses innovations in capsule systems aimed at modified drug release. The manufacturing process and important specifications of gelatin and capsules are described. Evaluation tests for capsules like stability, uniformity, disintegration, and dissolution testing are also summarized.
Viewers also liked (8)
Similar to Paperstudy 신애
Systematic screening of generic drugs for progressive multiple sclerosis iden...
This document describes experiments investigating the effects of clomipramine in models of multiple sclerosis. Clomipramine showed neuroprotective effects against iron-mediated toxicity in neurons in culture. It also demonstrated antioxidant properties and reduced T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte proliferation. In mouse models of EAE, clomipramine decreased disease burden and inflammation when administered from disease onset. Further experiments explored the effects of clomipramine in various EAE models induced with different antigens. Overall, the results suggest clomipramine has therapeutic potential for reducing inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis.
Secreção de MCP-1 por fibroblastos
This document summarizes research examining the secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by human fibroblast cell lines. The researchers found that three fibroblast cell lines secreted monocyte chemotactic activity (MCA) in their culture fluids. Further experiments showed that the MCA secreted by one cell line, MRC-5, continued after switching to serum-free medium and was not inhibited by an anti-PDGF antibody, indicating secretion was not regulated by autocrine PDGF. When concentrated MRC-5 culture fluid was injected into an HPLC column, only one chemotactic peak was observed in the same location as MCP-1 from other sources. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated
CPB-UP302-Publication
UP302 is a novel tyrosinase inhibitor isolated from the plant Dianella ensifolia. It inhibits tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in melanin production, with much higher potency than the common inhibitor Kojic acid. In cell and tissue studies, UP302 strongly suppresses melanin formation in mouse melanoma cells and human melanocytes at low concentrations, without toxic effects. When applied topically to a reconstructed skin model, 0.1% UP302 significantly lightened the skin by decreasing melanin production, comparable to a higher concentration of Kojic acid, and did not affect cell viability or tissue morphology. UP302 shows potential as a safe and effective skin whitening agent.
Zeeuwen 2004-evidence that unrest
This study investigated the mechanism by which deficiency of the cysteine protease inhibitor cystatin M/E leads to disturbed skin cornification in ichq mice, a model for harlequin ichthyosis. The study found that:
1) Cystatin M/E deficient ichq mice have severely disturbed skin barrier function, increased transepidermal water loss, and die of dehydration between 5-12 days of age.
2) The protease legumain, which is inhibited by cystatin M/E, is expressed in mouse epidermis and hair follicles.
3) Skin sections from ichq mice showed free in situ legumain activity, while activity was not detected in wild
Biotez 2020
We provide You with the best biotechnology products and services that ensure high quality and innovation.
Founded in 1992 and ISO 9001:2015 certified, BioTeZ supports the research in many areas, both on the Biotechnology Campus Berlin-Buch, Germany, as well as in facilities around the world. For 25 years, we are continuously motivated for new challenges to meet Your needs.
Since 2019 Steffens-Biotec, Ebringen, ISO 13485 certified is a sister company of BioTeZ specialized in manufacturing CE in-vitro diagnostics.
We are specialized in immunochemistry and the development and production of high-quality components for ELISA, Immuno Assays & Protease Activity Kits, Immuno Affinity Chromatography and Lateral Flow Tests.
Dermaheal: Eye Filler Mask - Mặt nạ xoá nhăn, làm đầy.
Sản phẩm Mặt nạ xoá nhăn làm đầy Eye Filler Mask của Dermaheal.
Dermaclinic
32M Lý Nam Đế, quận Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội.
http://dermaclinic.vn
http://matnaxoanhan.vn
In press
This document discusses a study examining the role of metallothionein-I/II (MT-I/II) in promoting axonal regeneration in the central nervous system after injury. The key findings are:
1) MT-I/II can overcome inhibition by myelin and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) to promote neurite outgrowth from cortical, hippocampal and dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro.
2) Intrathecal delivery of MT-I/II to dorsal root ganglion neurons promotes neurite outgrowth in the presence of MAG.
3) Mice deficient in MT-I/II show reduced neurite outgrowth on MAG and fail to regener
scipharm-87-00018.pdf
This study investigated the antinociceptive (pain-relieving) effects of single components isolated from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. extract. Three compounds (rutin, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide) were isolated from the extract. Apigenin-7-O-glucuronide showed the most potent antinociceptive effects in mouse pain models. It reduced pain behaviors in chemical and thermal pain tests by acting on spinal α2-adrenergic receptors. Apigenin-7-O-glucuronide also decreased the expression of proteins (p-
Screening methods of Cancer
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation that has transformed from normal cells. Several screening methods are used to test potential cancer treatments in vitro and in vivo. In vitro methods include tetrazolium salt assays, sulphorhodamine B assays, and thymidine uptake assays to test cell viability. In vivo methods include inducing tumors in mice and rats through chemicals like DMBA and testing whether treatments reduce tumor incidence and size. DMBA is used to induce skin papillomas in mice and mammary gland carcinomas in rats, with the drug's efficacy measured by decreased tumor rates compared to controls. Various assays then measure cell viability and proliferation after treatment to screen for potential anti-cancer effects.
Bmc Cancer Mmp3 2010
This study investigated the association between the MMP-3 promoter polymorphism (-1171 5A->6A) and risk of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in an Indian population. The authors genotyped 362 subjects, including 101 OSMF cases, 135 HNSCC cases, and 126 healthy controls. They found the 5A allele frequency was higher in OSMF (0.15) and HNSCC (0.13) compared to controls (0.07). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in 5A genotype frequency between OSMF and controls (p=0.01, OR=2.26) and between HNSCC
Primary Human Cell Systems Analysis of Drug Mechanisms
The document summarizes a presentation about using BioMAP human cell systems to analyze the mechanisms of drug compounds, including PPAR agonists. It describes how BioMAP uses primary human cells in disease-like conditions to generate quantitative readouts that can discriminate between clinical compounds. Profiling of PPAR agonists using BioMAP revealed both shared and unique anti-inflammatory, tissue remodeling, and prostaglandin pathway effects. Differential activities suggested priorities for therapeutic areas and potential side effects.
Matrixmetalloproteinase
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that degrade components of the extracellular matrix. They are implicated in various neurological conditions and play important roles in processes like synaptic remodeling. More recently, MMPs have been shown to regulate neural stem cell biology and remyelination, suggesting their importance in nervous system regeneration. While MMPs serve beneficial functions, their upregulation in conditions like neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration can also contribute to tissue damage.
Ascb Comp
1) The document summarizes a study examining the regulation of MT1-MMP in mechanically stimulated bioengineered articular cartilage.
2) The study found that mechanical stimulation upregulates the transcription factor Egr-1, which binds to the MT1-MMP promoter and increases MT1-MMP expression.
3) Blocking Egr-1 binding or MT1-MMP expression prevented mechanical stimulation from increasing extracellular matrix production.
final lab report
Melatonin controls many biological functions and affects locomotion in fruit flies. The study examined the effects of additional melatonin (0.22mM and 0.44mM doses) on the climbing ability of male fruit flies over three days. On day one, both treatment groups climbed less than controls. On day two, the low dose group outperformed the others. On day three, the low dose again did best, with all groups declining slightly. The low dose consistently gave better results than the high dose after removal from melatonin. Additional melatonin thus impacted climbing ability in a dose-dependent manner over the testing period.
Sliver nanoparticles accelerate skin wound healing in mice (Mus musculus) thr...
Sliver nanoparticles accelerate skin wound healing in mice (Mus musculus) thr...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
- Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were applied daily to wounds on mice to examine effects on healing.
- Levels of TGF-β, C3, RF, and CRP - markers of inflammation - were significantly lower in mice treated with Ag-NPs, indicating Ag-NPs suppressed the innate immune system and reduced inflammation.
- Wounds treated with Ag-NPs showed less scarring after 14 days and healed more quickly than untreated wounds, demonstrating that Ag-NPs accelerate wound healing by decreasing inflammatory responses.Screening of antiparkinson agent
This document summarizes screening methods for potential antiparkinson agents. It describes several in vivo and in vitro models used to test compounds. The key in vivo models discussed are:
1. Tremorine and oxotremorine antagonism in mice, which tests a compound's ability to reduce tremors induced by these muscarinic agonists.
2. The MPTP model in monkeys and mice, which uses MPTP to damage dopaminergic neurons and induce Parkinson's-like symptoms that can be reversed or reduced by test compounds.
3. Reserpine antagonism in rats, which tests if a compound can reduce sedation and motor impairment caused by reserpine depletion of cate
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in Glial Tumor Treatment. Our Experimental Results
1. The document reports on experimental results testing the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on glial tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.
2. MPA was found to significantly inhibit the growth and invasion of U251MG and U87MG human glial tumor cell lines in a dose-dependent manner based on XTT cell proliferation assays.
3. MPA also significantly suppressed the growth and invasion of C6 rat glioma spheroids and human U251 glioma spheroids in a three-dimensional tumor model in a dose-dependent fashion.
Epigallocatechin Gallate And Melanoma Chemoprevention
When human melanoma M14 cell lines are treated with EGCG, phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 is significantly inhibited compared to untreated cells. A kinase immunoprecipitation assay will be performed to analyze interactions between ERK 1/2 and associated proteins in cells treated with varying concentrations of EGCG. This experiment aims to demonstrate that EGCG can directly inhibit ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in melanoma cells in vitro. However, further study is needed to determine if these molecular effects occur in vivo as well. Supporting evidence from three papers shows that EGCG inhibits ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in mouse skin after UV exposure and in human cancer cell lines, suggesting it may inhibit melanoma proliferation and metastasis.
American Academy Of Dermatology Poster 2011
1) The document discusses a complex called RFp3 containing a protease inhibitor and two anti-inflammatory peptides (Oligopeptide-10 and Tetrapeptide-16) designed to down-regulate the cathelicidin peptide LL-37 for the treatment of rosacea.
2) In vitro testing showed Oligopeptide-10 binds to and neutralizes the Gram-positive bacterial toxin lipoteichoic acid (LTA), reducing inflammation. Tetrapeptide-16 was shown to dampen inflammatory pathways in skin cells exposed to UV light.
3) The RFp3 complex aims to inhibit proteases breaking down LL-37, protect anti-inflammatory peptides, and reduce rosace
Screening models for Anti-Amnesic activity evaluation: A Review
This document summarizes different models used to screen for anti-amnesic activity of natural products. It describes the scopolamine-induced amnesia model in mice, basal forebrain lesion model in rats, and ischemia-induced amnesia model in gerbils. Each model involves inducing amnesia and then testing whether test compounds can reverse the amnesia. The document provides details on the procedures used to induce amnesia and evaluate memory in each model.
Similar to Paperstudy 신애 (20)
Systematic screening of generic drugs for progressive multiple sclerosis iden...
Systematic screening of generic drugs for progressive multiple sclerosis iden...
Dermaheal: Eye Filler Mask - Mặt nạ xoá nhăn, làm đầy.
Dermaheal: Eye Filler Mask - Mặt nạ xoá nhăn, làm đầy.
Primary Human Cell Systems Analysis of Drug Mechanisms
Primary Human Cell Systems Analysis of Drug Mechanisms
Sliver nanoparticles accelerate skin wound healing in mice (Mus musculus) thr...
Sliver nanoparticles accelerate skin wound healing in mice (Mus musculus) thr...
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in Glial Tumor Treatment. Our Experimental Results
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in Glial Tumor Treatment. Our Experimental Results
Epigallocatechin Gallate And Melanoma Chemoprevention
Epigallocatechin Gallate And Melanoma Chemoprevention
Screening models for Anti-Amnesic activity evaluation: A Review
Screening models for Anti-Amnesic activity evaluation: A Review
More from Contents Bio Culture
131116 paper study 준섭
This document describes methods for stably transfecting cell lines to create new cell lines. It compares the calcium phosphate precipitation method, spontaneous transfection method, and lipofection method. It also details monitoring transfection efficiency by fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy. Results show the calcium phosphate method worked best for most cell lines tested except HeLa cells. Stable transfection of HeLa cells with a plasmid increased fluorescence over 21 days then plateaued. Plasmid DNA concentration did not correlate with fluorescence yield.
131116 paper study 준섭
This document describes methods for stably transfecting cell lines to create new cell lines. It compares the calcium phosphate precipitation method, spontaneous transfection method, and lipofection method. It also details monitoring transfection efficiency by fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy. Results show the calcium phosphate method worked best for most cell lines tested except HeLa cells. Stable transfection of HeLa cells with a plasmid increased fluorescence over 21 days then plateaued. Plasmid DNA concentration did not correlate with fluorescence yield.
130907 paper study 준섭
Artemisinic acid inhibits melanogenesis in human melanocytes by reducing cholesterol synthesis. It decreases cholesterol content by downregulating the HMG CoA reductase gene, which is critical for cholesterol synthesis. Artemisinic acid treatment leads to downregulation of the C/EBP α gene, which mediates reduced expression of the HMG CoA reductase gene. This inhibition of cholesterol synthesis attenuates melanogenesis in human melanocytes.
130824 paper study 준섭
Melanogenesis proceeds in three steps: production of cysteinyldopas, oxidation to pheomelanin, and production of eumelanin. Dopachrome tautomerase (Dct) catalyzes the tautomerization of dopachrome to increase the ratio of DHICA in eumelanin and eumelanin production. The initial production of cysteinyldopas and subsequent pheomelanin favors pheomelanogenesis over eumelanogenesis as long as cysteinyldopa levels remain high. The reactivity of o-quinones, which are highly reactive, chemically controls the early melanogenesis process.
131116 paper study 준섭
1. The document describes methods for stably transfecting cell lines, including calcium phosphate transfection, lipofection, and spontaneous transfection.
2. It examines the efficiency of transfection for different cell lines using green fluorescent protein and red fluorescent protein plasmids.
3. Results show that calcium phosphate transfection was more efficient than spontaneous transfection for most cell lines tested, except HeLa cells. Stable transfection of HeLa cells over 21 days resulted in gradually increasing fluorescent intensity that then remained constant.
130907 paper study 준섭
Artemisinic acid inhibits melanogenesis in human melanocytes by reducing cholesterol synthesis. It decreases cholesterol content by downregulating the HMG CoA reductase gene, which is critical for cholesterol synthesis. Artemisinic acid treatment leads to downregulation of the C/EBP α gene, which mediates reduced expression of the HMG CoA reductase gene. This inhibition of cholesterol synthesis attenuates melanogenesis in human melanocytes.
130824 paper study 준섭
Melanogenesis proceeds in three steps: production of cysteinyldopas, oxidation to pheomelanin, and production of eumelanin. Dopachrome tautomerase catalyzes the conversion of dopachrome to dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid, increasing eumelanin production. The initial production of cysteinyldopas determines the ratio of pheomelanin to eumelanin, as cysteinyldopas accumulate when cysteine concentrations are above 1 μM and pheomelanogenesis is favored over eumelanogenesis when cysteinyldopa levels exceed 10 μM. O-quinones are highly reactive, readily binding to cysteine residues
130323 paper study 준섭
The study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that the P protein influences tyrosine and tyrosinase localization. The results showed that tyrosine transport was not different between wild-type and P mutant melanocytes. While total tyrosinase activity was higher in P mutant cells, tyrosinase localization to melanosomes was impaired. This indicates that P protein plays an important role in localizing and stabilizing tyrosinase in melanosomes, rather than transporting tyrosine.
131228 paper 신애
This document contains 5 figures and 1 table describing the mevalonate pathway and regulation of HMG-CoA reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Figure 1 shows the mevalonate pathway in animal cells. Figures 2 and 3 depict coordination regulation of mRNA and sterol regulatory elements involved in this pathway. Table 1 summarizes mevalonate-mediated regulation of HMG-CoA reductase. Figures 4 examines degradation of HMG-CoA reductase. The document also references a paper on Insigs which are genes involved in this process.
131130 paper study 한울
The document discusses pharmacological activities of bioactive compounds from longan fruit. It describes longan fruit and different extraction techniques used to obtain bioactive compounds, including conventional, ultrasonic-assisted, and high pressure-assisted extraction. It then discusses the nutritional and phytochemical compositions of longan fruit, including sugars, acids, amino acids, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids. Finally, it summarizes various pharmacological properties of longan fruit extracts, such as strong antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-glycated, and potential anticancer activities.
Paper study (2)
The document summarizes the process of extracting and isolating a compound from the Chinese herbal medicine Erigeron breviscapus that has depigmenting effects. Materials and methods describe culturing cells and conducting inhibition and isolation assays. Through fractionation of the plant extract, the active compound (2Z,8Z)-Matricaria Acid Methyl Ester was isolated. Results show the compound decreased melanin synthesis and tyrosinase expression in cells, demonstrating its potential as a skin whitening agent for treating hyperpigmentation.
130817 paper study 한울
This document investigates the physiological effects of He-Ne laser irradiation on two melanoblast (MB) cell lines - the immature NCCmelb4 and the more differentiated NCCmelan5. The results showed that He-Ne laser irradiation did not affect the growth of either cell line but did induce mobility in the NCCmelb4 cells. It also decreased attachment of NCCmelb4 cells to fibronectin and increased expression of pp125FAK, a protein involved in cell mobility. The laser treatment had little effect on the locomotion of the more differentiated NCCmelan5 cells.
130817 paper 이신애
The document summarizes a study analyzing the binding and cleavage of collagen by MMP-1. Key findings include:
- MMP-1's Cat and Hpx domains cooperate to bind collagen, with the Hpx domain forming an exosite that binds the P10' leucine residue in collagen's recognition motif.
- Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and mutagenesis identified six collagen-binding regions on MMP-1, including an exosite formed by residues 271, 272, and 301 in the Hpx domain.
- X-ray crystallography of an MMP-1-collagen peptide complex showed extensive interactions along the triple helix and the P10' leucine binding
Paper review 전상귀 20130817
This paper demonstrated using lauryl alcohol as a feedstock for producing sophorolipids using Candida bombicola. Sophorolipids are biosurfactants that have antimicrobial and emulsifying properties. The study found that sophorolipid production was maximized at 96 hours of incubation, with 10% glucose concentration, initial pH of 6.0, and a temperature of 30°C. The produced sophorolipids reduced surface tension more than synthetic surfactants and had good emulsification activity and antibacterial effects against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
13.8.3 병권
Pmel17 is an important structural component of melanosomes that is present in the limiting membrane of stage I melanosomes and enters intralumenal vesicles. Melanosomes undergo four stages of biogenesis, starting as non-pigmented stage I melanosomes derived from the endosomal system, acquiring internal striations in stage II, depositing melanin pigment in stage III, and becoming fully melanized in stage IV. Melanosome transport requires Rab27a GTPase association with melanosomes and regulation of their movement along microtubules and actin cytoskeleton to the cell periphery.
13.7.27 병권
This document summarizes factors that determine skin color, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. It discusses the architecture of the skin, including the neural crest and melanocytes. It also examines the regulation of constitutive and facultative skin pigmentation, how melanin protects the skin from UV exposure, disorders of skin pigmentation like albinism and vitiligo, and different approaches to regulating skin pigmentation.
More from Contents Bio Culture (20)
Recently uploaded
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdf
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Top-Vitamin-Supplement-Brands-in-India List
Swisschem Dermacare provides the Top 10 Vitamin Supplement Brands in India. To know more about us give us call at our official number
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
we have mentioned the best 10 ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups. You can check all these products and choose the best one for yourself.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdf
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
ARTHROLOGY PPT NCISM SYLLABUS AYURVEDA STUDENTS
PPT RELATED TO ARTHROLOGY ACCORDING TO NCISM AYURVEDA
Physiology of Special Chemical Sensation of Taste
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Efficacy of Avartana Sneha in Ayurveda
Avartana Sneha is a unique method of Preparation of Sneha Kalpana in Ayurveda, mainly it is indicated for the Vataja rogas.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Recently uploaded (20)
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
Paperstudy 신애
- 1. To analyze collagenolytic activity and reactivity of MMP-1 & MMP-13 in UV-treated skin 130629 paper study Shin-ae Lee
- 2. Three collagenolytic enzyme can degrade native, fibrillar Type-1, 3 collagen MMP-1 (interstitial collagenase) MMP-8 (neutrophil collagenase) MMP-13(collagenase-3) Recent studies suggest a limited role for MMP-8 MMP-8 was present in the skin after UV-irradiation, it probably contributed little to the overall structural damage to collagen in photoaging We describe studies in which expression and function of MMP-1 and MMP-13 were directly compared in UV-treated skin
- 3. Preparation of organ culture fluid from irridiated skin Healthy adults with light skin pigmentation (three female, three male) Four F36T12 ERE-CHO tubes / IL1400 spectrophotodiameter Additional studies : Three healthy adults Light from a solar simulator / OL754 spectrophotodiameter Purified human MMP and other agents Human MMP-1 and MMP-13 from Calbiochem IgG antibodies to MMP-1 and MMP-13 Western blotting Substrate-embedded enzymography Gelatin or ß-casein Degradation of native collagen 8.5% SDS PAGE Neutralization of MMP-1 Organ culture fluid Duplicate 4mm punch biopsies of sun protected skin (1 day after exposure) Cut into small pieces(6-8) Incubation for 72h in Ca2+ supplemented KBM(keratinocyte basal medium) Incubation for 37°C under 5% CO2 The culture fluid was clarified by low speed centrifugation and used enzyme sources Punch Biopsy
- 4. Collagenolytic activity in culture fluid from UV-treated skin Figure 1. Cleavage of Type 1 collagen by organ culture fluid from UV- irridiated human skin Lane 1 : Type 1 collagen only Lane 2-7 : 100μL-0.5μL of culture fluid & Type 1 collagen Lane 1 : α1, α2 chains of collagen Lane 2-7 : 3/4 & 1/4 fragments
- 5. Immunoreactive MMP-1 and MMP-13 in culture fluid from UV-treated skin Figure 2. Western blot immunoreactivity of organ culture fluid with antibodies to MMP-1 and MMP-13 A : MMP-1 & MMP-13 induction in UV- irrediated skin Maximal level of MMP-1(48h) : 1.1±0.5μg/ml B : Strong anti-MMP-1 reactivity was observed
- 6. Immunoreactive MMP-1 and MMP-13 in culture fluid from UV-treated skin Figure 3. Up-regulation of MMP-1 in skin exposed to the UVB light from the solar simulator MMP-1 immunoreactive bands in the 48hr culture fluids from all nine patients MMP-1 was induced 5folds (UVB stimulation) 3.1folds(Solar Simulator)
- 7. Assesment of organ culture fluid from UV-treated skin by ß-casein Zymography and gelatin zymography Figure 4. ß-casein Zymography and gelatin zymography of organ culture fluid from nonirradiated and UVB- treated human skin ß-casein Zymography : latent & active MMP-1 is detectable in the western blot gelatin zymography MMP-9: increase amounts of latent & active forms MMP-2: little difference MMP-13: not detected
- 8. Inhibition of collagen-degrading activity in organ culture fluid of UV-treated human skin Method 1)Organ culture fluid of UV-irridiated skin exposed for 15 min to 10μg of neutralizing antibody to MMP-1 2)At the end, 0.5mg of intact Type-1collagen was added 3)The samples were incubated for 18h Result Organ culture fluid indicated that 95±4% of the activity was removed by antibody treatmend Control : purified MMP-1 : 88±6% inhibition was achived
- 9. Our results strongly suggest that of the two enzymes, MMP-1 is likely to play the predominant role. MMP-1 was strongly upregulated in skin after UV exposure, whereas MMP-13 either was not detected or was barely detected. Exposure of Type-I collagen to organ culture fluid from UV-treated skin resulted primarily in generation of the 3 /4 and ¼ fragments. In summary, MMP-mediated collagen damage is a characteristic feature of photodamaged human skin. Of the three collagenolytic enzymes present in the skin, MMP-1 (interstitial collagenase) appears to be the predominant enzyme responsible for degradation of the collagen.