This document provides an overview of phytosomes, which are novel drug delivery systems that combine hydrophilic plant extracts with phospholipids. Some key points:
- Phytosomes have enhanced bioavailability compared to simple herbal extracts as they can better cross lipid membranes and reach circulation.
- They are prepared using solvent evaporation methods, forming chemical bonds between phospholipids and phytoconstituents.
- Popular herbal extracts made into phytosomes include milk thistle, grape seed, green tea, and curcumin, to improve absorption and effects.
- Marketed phytosome products provide hepatoprotection, antioxidant, anti-aging, brain protection, and other benefits, demonstrating their
Phytosomes are one of the novel drug delivery system containing hydrophilic bioactive phyto-constituents of herbs surrounded and bounded by phospolipids.
Phytosomes are one of the novel drug delivery system containing hydrophilic bioactive phyto-constituents of herbs surrounded and bounded by phospolipids.
A phytosome is a complex of a natural active ingredient and a phospholipid - mostly lecithin. It is claimed that phytosome increases absorption of "conventional herbal extracts" or isolated active principles both topically as well as orally.
It is defined as “the predictive mathematical model that describes the relationship between in vitro property (such as rate & extent of dissolution) of a dosage form and in vivo response (such as plasma drug concentration or amount of drug absorbed)”.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system interact with the mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface, & mucin molecules & increase the residence time of the dosage form at the site of the absorption.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a part of controlled delivery system.
Since the early 1980,the concept of Mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical technology.
combine mucoadhesive with enzyme inhibitory & penetration enhancer properties & improve the patient complaince.
MDDS have been devloped for buccal ,nasal,rectal &vaginal routes for both systemic & local effects.
Hydrophilic high mol. wt. such as peptides that cannot be administered & poor absorption ,then MDDS is best choice.
Mucoadhesiveinner layers called mucosa inner epithelial cell lining is covered with viscoelasticfluid
Composed of water and mucin.
Thickness varies from 40 μm to 300 μm
General composition of mucus
Water…………………………………..95%
Glycoproteinsand lipids……………..0.5-5%
Mineral salts……………………………1%
Free proteins…………………………..0.5-1%
The mechanism responsible in the formation of mucoadhesive bond
Step 1 : Wetting and swelling of the polymer(contact stage)
Step 2 : Interpenetration between the polymer chains and the mucosal membrane
Step 3 : Formation of bonds between the entangled chains (both known as consolidation stage)
Electronic theory
Wetting theory
Adsorption theory
Diffusion theory
Fracture theory
Advantages over other controlled oral controlled release systems by virtue of prolongation of residence of drug in GIT.
Targeting & localization of the dosage form at a specific site
-Painless administration.
-Low enzymatic activity & avoid of first pass metabolism
If MDDS are adhere too tightlgy because it is undesirable to exert too much force to remove the formulation after use,otherwise the mucosa could be injured.
-Some patient suffers unpleasent feeling.
-Unfortunately ,the lack of standardized techniques often leads to unclear results.
-costly drug delivery system
An in-vitro in-vivo correlation (IVIVC) has been defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as "a predictive mathematical model describing the relationship between an in-vitro property of a dosage form and an in-vivo response".
It includes Introductory part about what is Dissolution...then Mechanism of Dissolution is elaborated...Theories of Dissolution also given..It also includes Factors affecting Dissolution profile..Along with References given below for easily searching..
SUSTAINED RELEASE (SR) & CONTROL RELEASE.pptxRAHUL PAL
Sustained-release medications are usually labeled with “SR” at the end of their name. These medications prolong the medication's release from a tablet or capsule so that you'll get the medication's benefits over a longer period of time.
CR = controlled release, SR = sustained release, ER = extended release, IR = immediate release. *
1. Measurement of Bioavailability:
Direct and indirect methods may be used to assess drug bioavailability. The in-vivo bioavailability of a drug product is demonstrated by the rate and extent of drug absorption, as determined by comparison of measured parameters, e.g., concentration of the active drug ingredient in the blood, cumulative urinary excretion rates, or pharmacological effects.
For drug products that are not intended to be absorbed into the bloodstream, bioavailability may be assessed by measurements intended to reflect the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or active moiety becomes available at the site of action.
The design of the bioavailability study depends on the objectives of the study, the ability to analyze the drug (and metabolites) in biological fluids, the pharmacodynamics of the drug substance, the route of drug administration, and the nature of the drug product.
Pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic parameters as well as clinical observations and in-vitro studies may be used to determine drug bioavailability from a drug product.
1.1. Pharmacokinetic methods:
These are very widely used and based upon the assumption that the pharmacokinetic profile reflects the therapeutic effectiveness of a drug. Thus these are indirect methods. The two major pharmacokinetic methods are:
The major pharmacokinetic methods are:
Plasma / blood level time profile.
o Time for peak plasma (blood) concentration (t max)
o Peak plasma drug concentration (Cmax)
o Area under the plasma drug concentration–time curve (AUC)
Urinary excretion studies.
o Cumulative amount of drug excreted in the urine (Du)
o Rate of drug excretion in the urine (dDu/dt)
o Time for maximum urinary excretion (t)
C. Other biological fluids
1.2. Pharmacodynamic methods:
IT involves direct measurement of drug effect on a (patho) physiological process as a function of time. Disadvantages of it may be high variability, difficult to measure, limited choices, less reliable, more subjective, drug response influenced by several physiological & environmental factors.
They involve determination of bioavailability from:
Acute pharmacological response.
Therapeutic response.
1.3. In-vitro dissolution studies
Closed compartment apparatus
Open compartment apparatus
Dialysis systems.
1.4. Clinical observations
Well-controlled clinical trials
The term "phyto" means plant and "some" means cell-like.Phytosomes are little cell like structures.
Structure of phytosome
Properties of phytosome - chemical and biological
Methods of preparation
A phytosome is a complex of a natural active ingredient and a phospholipid - mostly lecithin. It is claimed that phytosome increases absorption of "conventional herbal extracts" or isolated active principles both topically as well as orally.
It is defined as “the predictive mathematical model that describes the relationship between in vitro property (such as rate & extent of dissolution) of a dosage form and in vivo response (such as plasma drug concentration or amount of drug absorbed)”.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system interact with the mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface, & mucin molecules & increase the residence time of the dosage form at the site of the absorption.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a part of controlled delivery system.
Since the early 1980,the concept of Mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical technology.
combine mucoadhesive with enzyme inhibitory & penetration enhancer properties & improve the patient complaince.
MDDS have been devloped for buccal ,nasal,rectal &vaginal routes for both systemic & local effects.
Hydrophilic high mol. wt. such as peptides that cannot be administered & poor absorption ,then MDDS is best choice.
Mucoadhesiveinner layers called mucosa inner epithelial cell lining is covered with viscoelasticfluid
Composed of water and mucin.
Thickness varies from 40 μm to 300 μm
General composition of mucus
Water…………………………………..95%
Glycoproteinsand lipids……………..0.5-5%
Mineral salts……………………………1%
Free proteins…………………………..0.5-1%
The mechanism responsible in the formation of mucoadhesive bond
Step 1 : Wetting and swelling of the polymer(contact stage)
Step 2 : Interpenetration between the polymer chains and the mucosal membrane
Step 3 : Formation of bonds between the entangled chains (both known as consolidation stage)
Electronic theory
Wetting theory
Adsorption theory
Diffusion theory
Fracture theory
Advantages over other controlled oral controlled release systems by virtue of prolongation of residence of drug in GIT.
Targeting & localization of the dosage form at a specific site
-Painless administration.
-Low enzymatic activity & avoid of first pass metabolism
If MDDS are adhere too tightlgy because it is undesirable to exert too much force to remove the formulation after use,otherwise the mucosa could be injured.
-Some patient suffers unpleasent feeling.
-Unfortunately ,the lack of standardized techniques often leads to unclear results.
-costly drug delivery system
An in-vitro in-vivo correlation (IVIVC) has been defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as "a predictive mathematical model describing the relationship between an in-vitro property of a dosage form and an in-vivo response".
It includes Introductory part about what is Dissolution...then Mechanism of Dissolution is elaborated...Theories of Dissolution also given..It also includes Factors affecting Dissolution profile..Along with References given below for easily searching..
SUSTAINED RELEASE (SR) & CONTROL RELEASE.pptxRAHUL PAL
Sustained-release medications are usually labeled with “SR” at the end of their name. These medications prolong the medication's release from a tablet or capsule so that you'll get the medication's benefits over a longer period of time.
CR = controlled release, SR = sustained release, ER = extended release, IR = immediate release. *
1. Measurement of Bioavailability:
Direct and indirect methods may be used to assess drug bioavailability. The in-vivo bioavailability of a drug product is demonstrated by the rate and extent of drug absorption, as determined by comparison of measured parameters, e.g., concentration of the active drug ingredient in the blood, cumulative urinary excretion rates, or pharmacological effects.
For drug products that are not intended to be absorbed into the bloodstream, bioavailability may be assessed by measurements intended to reflect the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or active moiety becomes available at the site of action.
The design of the bioavailability study depends on the objectives of the study, the ability to analyze the drug (and metabolites) in biological fluids, the pharmacodynamics of the drug substance, the route of drug administration, and the nature of the drug product.
Pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic parameters as well as clinical observations and in-vitro studies may be used to determine drug bioavailability from a drug product.
1.1. Pharmacokinetic methods:
These are very widely used and based upon the assumption that the pharmacokinetic profile reflects the therapeutic effectiveness of a drug. Thus these are indirect methods. The two major pharmacokinetic methods are:
The major pharmacokinetic methods are:
Plasma / blood level time profile.
o Time for peak plasma (blood) concentration (t max)
o Peak plasma drug concentration (Cmax)
o Area under the plasma drug concentration–time curve (AUC)
Urinary excretion studies.
o Cumulative amount of drug excreted in the urine (Du)
o Rate of drug excretion in the urine (dDu/dt)
o Time for maximum urinary excretion (t)
C. Other biological fluids
1.2. Pharmacodynamic methods:
IT involves direct measurement of drug effect on a (patho) physiological process as a function of time. Disadvantages of it may be high variability, difficult to measure, limited choices, less reliable, more subjective, drug response influenced by several physiological & environmental factors.
They involve determination of bioavailability from:
Acute pharmacological response.
Therapeutic response.
1.3. In-vitro dissolution studies
Closed compartment apparatus
Open compartment apparatus
Dialysis systems.
1.4. Clinical observations
Well-controlled clinical trials
The term "phyto" means plant and "some" means cell-like.Phytosomes are little cell like structures.
Structure of phytosome
Properties of phytosome - chemical and biological
Methods of preparation
It is a novel drug dosage form in herbal drugs.I have made it, because it is a part of my project work. I hope you will find helpful and knowledgeable. Thank you.
Healing Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Guava (Psidium guajava) Leaf on ...Dr. Anuj S Parihar
Oral mucositis (OM) is a common inflammatory complication among cancerous patients as an adverse effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the healing effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium
Guajava leaf on oral induced mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil using histopathologic and tissue antioxidative markers assessment in male dark brown rats. In a prospective randomized double blind animal study, OM was induced in 64 male dark brown rats that allocated in 4 groups by 5-FU (60 mg/kg) on days 0, 5, and 10 of the study. The cheek pouch was scratched with a sterile needle on once daily on days 3 and 4. Starting from day 12, gel base, topical form and 600 mg/kg dietry form of hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium Guajava leaf were administered per day. Pouch histopathology score, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity were evaluated on day 14 and 18. DPPH scavenging activity and total phenolic content also were measured. Histopathology scores of mucositis were lower in the systemic and topical treatment groups than the gel base and control groups (P<0.05). Higher activities of SOD, GPX and TAC were detected in the topical and systemic treatment groups in comparison to the others (P<0.05). The extract was rich in total phenolic content as antioxidant. The use of extract of Psidium Guajava leave may be associated with reduced intensity of OM, increased concentration of SOD, GPX and TAC on induced
OM in dark brown rats undergoing 5-FU consumption.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
2. CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
ADVANTAGE
DISADVANTAGE
PREPARATION METHOD
EVALUATION
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PHYTOSOME AND LIPOSOME
APPLICATION
MARKETED PRODUCT
REFERENCE
Department of pharmacy, ADTU
3. INTRODUCTION
• The term ‘Phyto’ means plant while ‘Some’ means cell-
like. Phytosome is novel drug delivery system that
combines hydrophilic bioactive phyto constituents of
herbs/ herbal extracts and bound by phospholipids.
• More bioavailable than a simple/conventional herbal
extract due to its enhanced capacity to cross the lipid
rich bio membranes and reach circulation.
• As they are better absorbed and produces better results
• Applied to standardized plant extracts, water soluble
phyto constituents and many popular herbal extracts
including , grape seed, olive fruits and leaves, green
tea, ginseng etc into phospholipids to produce lipid
compatible molecular complexes
Department of pharmacy, ADTU
4. • The presence of a surfactant i.e. the phospholipids in the molecule these are
shielded from water-triggered degradation .
• Molecules are anchored through chemical bonds to the polar choline head
of the PC, it can be demonstrated by specific spectroscopic techniques.
Introduction (contd.)
Department of pharmacy, ADTU
5. ADVANTAGES
Marked enhancement of bioavailability.
Valuable components of the herbal extracts are protected from destruction
by digestive secretions and gut bacteria
No compromise of nutrient safety.
Dose requirement is reduced due to absorption of chief constituent.
Phytosomes shows better stability profile because chemical bonds are
formed between phospholipid molecules and phytoconstituent
Phospholipid used in the phytosome process besides acting as a carrier also
nourishes the skin, because it is essential part of cell membrane.
Department of pharmacy, ADTU
6. DISADVANTAGE
• Phytoconstituent is quickly eradicated/ eliminated from phytosome.
Low risk profile: This technology has no large-scale drug development risk
since the toxicological profiles of the phytosomal components are well
documented in the scientific literatures.
Relatively simple to manufacture with no complicated technical investment
required for the production of Phytosomes.
They permeate the non-lipophilic botanical extract to allow better
absorption from the intestinal lumen, which is otherwise not possible
Advantages (contd.)
Department of pharmacy, ADTU
7. PREPRATION METHOD
Solvent Evaporation method is the most common technique used for the
preparation of phytosomes
Phytosomes are prepared by reacting natural or synthetic phospholipids
with active components like bioflavonoid, flavolignan and polyphenolic
constituents.
• Phospholipid dissolve in organic solvent
• Solution of phospholipid in solution containing Organic solvent + Herbal
extract
• Drying
• Thin Film Formation
• Hydration of thin film
• Formation of phytosome complex (suspension)
• Isolation by precipitation with non solvent (such as aliphatic hydrocarbons)
• Drying (By lyophilization or spray drying) Figure 1: Flow diagram of Phytosome
preparation.
Department of pharmacy, ADTU
8. EVALUATION
Transition temperature:
The transition temperature of the vesicular lipid system can be settled
via differential scanning calorimetry.
Entrapment efficiency:
The entrapment efficiency of a phytosomal preparation can be
determined by exposing the preparation to ultracentrifugation
method.
Vesicle size and zeta potential:
The particle size and zeta potential of phytosomes can be confirmed
by dynamic light scattering, which usages a computerized
examination system and photon correlation spectroscopy.
Surface tension activity measurement:
The surface tension activity of the drug in aqueous solution can be
determined by the Du Nouy ring tensiometer.
Department of pharmacy, ADTU
9. Visualization:
Visualization of phytosomes can be accomplished using scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) and by transmission electron microscopy.
Vesicle stability:
The steadiness of vesicles can be measured by calculating the size and
structure of the vesicles over time. The mean size is calculated by DLS
and structural changes are monitored by tem.
Spectroscopic evaluation
To confirm the formation of a complex or to study the reciprocal
interaction between the phyto-constituents and the phospholipid H1
NMR, C13 NMR, FTIR are used
In vitro and In vivo evaluations
Models of in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations are selected on the basis of
the expected therapeutic activity of biologically active
phytoconstituents present in the phytosome.
Evaluation (contd.)
Department of pharmacy, ADTU
10. Difference between Liposome and
phytosome
Sl no Phytosome Liposome
1 In phytosome, the phosphatidylcholine and
the plant components actually form a 1:1 or
a 2:1 molecular complex depending on the
substance(s) complexes.
A liposome is formed by mixing a water
soluble substance with phosphatidylcholine
in definite ratio under specific conditions.
2 Phytosome involves chemical bonds. Here, no chemical bond is formed; the
phosphatidylcholine molecules surround
the water soluble substance.
3 Phytosome are much better absorbed than
liposomes showing better bioavailability.
Bioavailability of liposomes is less than
phytosomes.
Department of pharmacy, ADTU
12. APPLICATION OF PHYTOSOMES
• Silymarin Phytosome
• Most of the phytosomes are focused to Silybum marianum which contains
premier liver-protectant flavonoids.
• The fruit of the milk thistle plant (S. marianum, Family Steraceae) contains
flavonoids known for hepato-protective effects.
• Silymarin has been shown to have positive effects in treating liver diseases of
various kinds, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty infiltration of the liver (chemical
and alcohol induced fatty liver) and inflammation of the bile duct. Silymarin
Phytosome
• Phytosomes of grape seed
• Grape seed phytosome is composed of oligomeric polyphenols of varying
molecular size complexed with phospholipids.
• The main properties of procyanidin flavonoids of grape seed are an increase in
total antioxidant capacity and stimulation of physiological defenses of plasma.
Department of pharmacy, ADTU
13. Application (contd.)
• Phytosome of green tea
• Green tea leaves (Theasinensis) is characterized by presence of a polyphenolic
compound epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate as the key component.
• These compounds are potent modulators of several biochemical process linked
to the breakdown of homeostasis in major chronic-degenerative diseases such
as cancer and atherosclerosis.
• Green tea also furnishes us with a number of beneficial activities such as
antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, hypocholesterolemic, cardio
protective effects.
• Phytosomes of curcumin
• Maiti et al. developed the phytosomes of curcumin (flavonoid from turmeric,
Curcuma longa linn) and naringenin (flavonoid from grape, Vitis vinifera).
• Phytosome of naringenin produced better antioxidant activity than the free
compound with a prolonged duration of action
Department of pharmacy, ADTU
14. MARKETED PRODUCT
Sr. No. Trade name Phytoconstituents complex Indications
1 Silybin phytosome Silybin from Silibium marianum Hepatoprotective,
Antioxidant.
2 Grape seed
(Leucoselect) phytosome
Procyanidins from vitis vinifera Antioxidant,
Anticancer.
3 Ginseng phytosome Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng Immunomodulator
4 Hawthorn phytosome Flavonoids from Crataegus species Antihypertensive,
Cardioprotective.
5 Sericoside phytosome Sericoside from Terminalia sericea Skin improver, Anti-
Wrinkles
6 Ginko select phytosome Flavonoids from Ginko biloba Anti aging,Protects
Brain and Vascular
liling
7 Olea select phytosome Polyphenols from Olea europea Anti–hyperlipidemic,
Anti-inflammatory
8 Green select phytosome Epigallocatechin from Thea sinensis Anti-cancer,
AntioxidantDepartment of pharmacy, ADTU