The document discusses different types of bonds between atoms. An ionic bond forms when there is a large electronegativity difference (>1.7) between atoms, causing one atom to transfer an electron to the other and form ions. A covalent bond forms when the electronegativity difference is less than 1.7, and involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. Covalent bonds can be polar covalent if the difference is 1.7-0.4, nonpolar covalent if the difference is <0.4, or pure covalent between like atoms. A coordinate covalent bond involves one atom contributing both electrons through a lone pair.

1. INTRAMOLECULAR BONDS

2. INTRAMOLECULAR BONDS
3.3 1.7 0
ΔEN  Electronegativity difference
To determine the type of bond that exists between two atoms,
subtract their electronegativity values

3. INTRAMOLECULAR BONDS
3.3 1.7 0
ΔEN
If the difference in their electronegativity is greater than 1.7, the
bond is said to be an ionic bond.
An ionic bond is the transfer of electrons, producing two ions that
attract one another due to their opposite charges

4. INTRAMOLECULAR BONDS
An ionic bond is the transfer of
electrons, producing two ions
that attract one another due to
their opposite charges

5. INTRAMOLECULAR BONDS
3.3 1.7 0
ΔEN
If the difference in their electronegativity is less than 1.7, the
bond is said to be a covalent bond.
There are 4 different
types of covalent
bonds. All four types
involve the sharing of
electrons.

6. INTRAMOLECULAR BONDS
3.3 1.7 0
ΔEN
If the difference in their electronegativity is between 1.7 and 0.4,
the bond is a polar covalent bond.
The resulting bond is polar
with a partially positive atom
on one side and a partially
negative atom on the other
0.4

7. INTRAMOLECULAR BONDS
3.3 1.7 0
ΔEN
If the difference in their electronegativity is smaller than 0.4, the
bond is a non-polar covalent bond.
The resulting bond is non-polar because the electrons are
shared more evenly.
0.4

8. INTRAMOLECULAR BONDS
3.3 1.7 0
ΔEN
If the difference in their electronegativity is 0, the bond is a
pure covalent bond.
Pure covalent bonds only exist between atoms of the
same element (i.e. diatomic elements like H2, O2, F2, Cl2)
0.4

9. INTRAMOLECULAR BONDS
Pure covalent bond

10. INTRAMOLECULAR BONDS
One more type of covalent bond:
Coordinate covalent bond
A coordinate covalent
bond describes a
covalent bond where the
shared electrons come
from only one of the
atoms involved.
In other words, one atom
does not contribute any
electrons to the bond.
This is a lone pair
A lone pair is a pair of valence electrons that are not involved in bonding