Soil Carbon 4 per 1000
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This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 1, Monitoring, mapping, measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) of SOC, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Budiman Minasmy from University of Sidney - Australia, in FAO Hq, Rome
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Soil Carbon 4 per 1000
- 1. Soil Carbon 4 per 1000 © Anne Richer-de-Forges
- 2. Budiman Minasny1, Alex. B. McBratney1*, Brendan P. Malone1, Denis A. Angers2, Dominique Arrouays3, Adam Chambers4, Vincent Chaplot5, Zueng-Sang Chen6, Kun Cheng7, Bhabani S. Das8, Damien J. Field1, Alessandro Gimona9, Carolyn Hedley10, Suk Young Hong11, Biswapati Mandal12, Ben P. Marchant13, Manuel Martin3, Brian G. McConkey2, Vera Leatitia Mulder14, Sharon O’Rourke15, Anne C. Richer-de-Forges3, Inakwu Odeh1, José Padarian1, Keith Paustian16,Genxing Pan7, Laura Poggio9, Igor Savin17, Vladimir Stolbovoy18, Uta Stockmann1, Yiyi Sulaeman19, Chun-Chih Tsui6, Tor-Gunnar Vågen20, Bas van Wesemael21, Leigh Winowiecki20 1 Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 2 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada. 3 INRA Orléans, InfoSol Unit, Orléans, France. 4 USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, USA. 5 Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat, Paris, France. 6 Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, China Taiwan. 7 Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. 8 Agricultural & Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India 9 The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, AB15 8QH, Aberdeen, Scotland (UK) 10 Landcare Research, New Zealand. 11 Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea. 12 Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India 13 British Geological Survey, Keyworth, UK. 14 Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. 15 University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland. 16 Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. 17 People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia. 18 V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Moscow, Russia. 19 Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture, Bogor, Indonesia. 20 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya. 21 Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
- 3. Geoderma, 292 (2017) 59-86
- 4. 2400 = 4‰ Organic carbon stored in the soil globally (up to 2 m) Amount of C stock increase needed to offset CO2 emission Annual Global CO2 emissions from fossil fuels 8.9 giga tonne C 2400 giga tonne C 8.9 2400 Adapted from Ademe, 2015
- 5. Atmosphere: 830 Vegetation: 550+100 Soils 40 cm: 860+ ? Soils 2-m: 2400 + ? Stocks Fluxes 9,8 + 0,98.9/2400 = 0.0037 0,004x860 = 3.44 In Billion ton Adapted from Le Queré et al.2014 Theory
- 6. Global OC stock (0-30cm, t.ha-1) Stockmann et al. 2015
- 7. New Zealand Chile South Africa Australia Indonesia Tanzania Kenya Nigeria Taiwan India Korea Mainland China United States France England & Wales Belgium Russia Scotland Ireland Canada OC stock in 20 regions of the world Minasny et al. 2017
- 8. Country/ Region Total Soil organic C stock 0-30 cm (Gt) Agricultura l Area (Mha) Soil C stock in Agricultur al land (Gt) Potentials Challenges New Zealand 2.66 15.1 1.59 Improved management of grasslands; increased root inputs of C; targeting specific soil types (e.g. allophanic soils), and/or specific landscape positions; establishment and reestablishment of wetlands. Inherently high C soils, C loss in drained peats, overgrazing, soil erosion in upland areas. Chile 5.52 3.2 0.14 Afforesting degraded areas and conserving native forest and peatlands Peatland conversion, limited cropping areas Minasny et al. 2017 Stocks and main regional potentials and challenges Chile New Zealand
- 9. Country/ Region Total Soil organic C stock 0-30 cm (Gt) Agricultural Area (Mha) Soil C stock in Agricultural land (Gt) Potentials Challenges Australia 25 455 12.76 Large agricultural land area, optimization of crop rotations, and retention of crop residues, improved grassland management. Lack of water, zero or minimum tillage has been implemented almost 80% in the grain cropping areas. Nigeria 3.12 29 0.97 Use of legumes, fallow periods, plant residues retention, afforestation Lack of reliable data Minasny et al. 2017 Stocks and main regional potentials and challenges Australia Nigeria
- 10. Country/ Region Total Soil organic C stock 0-30 cm (Gt) Agricultural Area (Mha) Soil C stock in Agricultural land (Gt) Potentials Challenges France 3.56 30 1.95 Changes in land use and adoption of best agricultural practices High soil sealing rate by urbanisation and infrastructures Scotland Total: 1.16 Peats (up to 1 m) : 0.8 5.6 0.33 Reducing peatland degradation and agricultural expansion A large area of peatlands, expansion of intensive agriculture Minasny et al. 2017 Stocks and main regional potentials and challenges France Scotland
- 11. Initial C stock (t C/ha) No. of years Sequestrationrate(permille/year) Sequestrationrate(permille/year) Survey of practices and sequestration rates 50 40 30 20 10 0 50 40 30 20 10 0 4 4 Minasny et al. 2017
- 12. Land Managers/ Farmers Practices Minimum Tillage Residue management Improved Grazing Crop rotations For the benefits of: • Increased Yield • Soil Conditions • C credits Policy Makers 4 per mille Kyoto Protocol EU Soil Thematic Strategy? Carbon Farming Initiative Global Soil Parnership Scientists Measurements, sensing Modelling Digital soil mapping Auditing C SOC functioning SOC Persistence Climate Change Marketeers C trading Natural capital Product supply chains Facilitation ComplianceInnovation Confidence Minasny et al. 2017
- 13. Summary • We surveyed the soil carbon stock estimates and sequestration potentials from 20 regions in the world. • All regions show efforts and scopes for soil carbon sequestration achieving the 4 per mille initiative. • Under best management practices, 4 per mille or even higher sequestration rates can be accomplished. • High C sequestration rates (up to 10 per mille) can be achieved for soils with low initial SOC stock (topsoil less than 30 t C ha−1), and at the first twenty years after implementation of best management practices. • Agricultural soil carbon sequestration can be the solution for mitigating climate change over the next ten to twenty years.
- 14. Thank you for your attention! © Yves Le Bissonnais © Gis Sol © Anne Richer de Forges