Soil carbon sequestration involves transferring carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the soil through crop residues and other organic materials. This process helps offset carbon emissions while improving soil quality and productivity. Management practices that maximize biomass addition and minimize soil disturbance, like no-till farming, are most effective for carbon sequestration. Increasing soil organic carbon provides benefits like increased agricultural productivity, improved soil structure and fertility, and enhanced water retention and infiltration. Adopting practices like adding organic amendments, reducing tillage, and using cover crops can help sequester carbon in cropland soils.
Carbon sequestration involves capturing carbon dioxide emissions from large point sources like power plants and storing it long-term to mitigate climate change. There are three main carbon sequestration methods: terrestrial through plants and soils, geological by injecting CO2 underground, and ocean storage by injecting it deep into the ocean. While carbon sequestration could help reduce emissions, concerns include potential leakage of stored CO2 and impacts on ocean life from ocean storage. More research is still needed but carbon sequestration may prove effective if sites are carefully selected and monitored.
Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration: Importance and State of ScienceExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, GSOC17 – Setting the scientific scene for GSOC17 of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rattan Lal from Carbon Management and Sequestration Center – USA , in FAO Hq, Rome
Benefits of Soil Organic Carbon - an overviewExternalEvents
The presentation was given by Mr. Niels H. Batjes, ISRIC, during the GSOC Mapping Global Training hosted by ISRIC - World Soil Information, 6 - 23 June 2017, Wageningen (The Netherlands).
Lec.32. soil carbon sequestration and carbon tradingLec.32. soil carbon seque...MahiiKarthii
This document discusses soil carbon sequestration and carbon trading. It explains that carbon sequestration involves removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through biological processes like plants and trees or geological processes like underground storage. Soil carbon sequestration occurs directly through chemical reactions fixing carbon into soil compounds or indirectly as plant biomass decomposes and becomes soil organic carbon. Soil carbon sequestration provides benefits like improved soil quality and offsets carbon emissions. Carbon trading systems allow countries and companies to buy and sell permits to emit carbon dioxide in efforts to mitigate climate change. The document also outlines various management practices that can increase carbon sequestration in soils, like conservation tillage, cover cropping, and afforestation.
Soil carbon sequestration involves transferring carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the soil through crop residues and other organic materials. This helps offset carbon emissions while improving soil quality and productivity. Management practices that increase biomass additions to soils, minimize disturbance, conserve soil and water, and enhance soil structure and biology can sequester carbon through continuous no-till crop production. The document then discusses carbon sequestration in the context of Indian agriculture and the impacts of climate change on food production in India.
Carbon sequestration potential of forestry plantation.Sandeep Kumar
This document provides an overview of carbon sequestration through forestry practices with a focus on India. It discusses key topics like the carbon cycle, carbon pools in forests, carbon stock estimates for various Indian states and forests types. Plantation forestry is presented as an important option for increasing carbon stocks. The document also shares statistics on India's progress with plantation activities and their potential to sequester carbon.
The document discusses carbon sequestration and trading as methods to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. It describes how carbon is naturally exchanged through biogeochemical cycles and explains that human emissions have increased CO2 beyond natural levels. It then outlines different carbon sequestration methods including terrestrial sequestration through plants and soils, geologic sequestration via underground storage, and ocean sequestration through direct injection or fertilization. Finally, it defines carbon trading as an emissions capping and trading system aimed at incentivizing reductions in greenhouse gases.
Soil management strategies to enhance carbon sequestration potential of degra...koushalya T.N
Reclamation of degraded lands has huge potential for carbon (C) sequestration to counteract the climate change. It was estimated that about 1,964 Mha of land is degraded worldwide and in India 146.8 Mha of land is degraded ( Bai et al., 2008). The major land-degradation processes in the World and in Asia are water erosion, wind erosion, salinity, alkalinity, nutrient depletion and metal pollution. Enrichment of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks through sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in agricultural soils and degraded lands is important because of its impacts on improving soil quality and agronomic production, and also for adaptation to mitigation of climate change. Various management strategies like conservation agriculture, integrated nutrient management, afforestation, alternate land use, plantations and amendments and use of biochar hold promise for long-term C sequestration. It can be concluded that land degradation is a serious problem in India which need to be tackled because shrinking of land resource base will lead to a substantial decline in food grain production which in turn would hamper the economic growth rate and there would also be unprecedented increase in mortality rate owing to hunger and malnutrition.
Carbon sequestration involves capturing carbon dioxide emissions from large point sources like power plants and storing it long-term to mitigate climate change. There are three main carbon sequestration methods: terrestrial through plants and soils, geological by injecting CO2 underground, and ocean storage by injecting it deep into the ocean. While carbon sequestration could help reduce emissions, concerns include potential leakage of stored CO2 and impacts on ocean life from ocean storage. More research is still needed but carbon sequestration may prove effective if sites are carefully selected and monitored.
Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration: Importance and State of ScienceExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, GSOC17 – Setting the scientific scene for GSOC17 of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rattan Lal from Carbon Management and Sequestration Center – USA , in FAO Hq, Rome
Benefits of Soil Organic Carbon - an overviewExternalEvents
The presentation was given by Mr. Niels H. Batjes, ISRIC, during the GSOC Mapping Global Training hosted by ISRIC - World Soil Information, 6 - 23 June 2017, Wageningen (The Netherlands).
Lec.32. soil carbon sequestration and carbon tradingLec.32. soil carbon seque...MahiiKarthii
This document discusses soil carbon sequestration and carbon trading. It explains that carbon sequestration involves removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through biological processes like plants and trees or geological processes like underground storage. Soil carbon sequestration occurs directly through chemical reactions fixing carbon into soil compounds or indirectly as plant biomass decomposes and becomes soil organic carbon. Soil carbon sequestration provides benefits like improved soil quality and offsets carbon emissions. Carbon trading systems allow countries and companies to buy and sell permits to emit carbon dioxide in efforts to mitigate climate change. The document also outlines various management practices that can increase carbon sequestration in soils, like conservation tillage, cover cropping, and afforestation.
Soil carbon sequestration involves transferring carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the soil through crop residues and other organic materials. This helps offset carbon emissions while improving soil quality and productivity. Management practices that increase biomass additions to soils, minimize disturbance, conserve soil and water, and enhance soil structure and biology can sequester carbon through continuous no-till crop production. The document then discusses carbon sequestration in the context of Indian agriculture and the impacts of climate change on food production in India.
Carbon sequestration potential of forestry plantation.Sandeep Kumar
This document provides an overview of carbon sequestration through forestry practices with a focus on India. It discusses key topics like the carbon cycle, carbon pools in forests, carbon stock estimates for various Indian states and forests types. Plantation forestry is presented as an important option for increasing carbon stocks. The document also shares statistics on India's progress with plantation activities and their potential to sequester carbon.
The document discusses carbon sequestration and trading as methods to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. It describes how carbon is naturally exchanged through biogeochemical cycles and explains that human emissions have increased CO2 beyond natural levels. It then outlines different carbon sequestration methods including terrestrial sequestration through plants and soils, geologic sequestration via underground storage, and ocean sequestration through direct injection or fertilization. Finally, it defines carbon trading as an emissions capping and trading system aimed at incentivizing reductions in greenhouse gases.
Soil management strategies to enhance carbon sequestration potential of degra...koushalya T.N
Reclamation of degraded lands has huge potential for carbon (C) sequestration to counteract the climate change. It was estimated that about 1,964 Mha of land is degraded worldwide and in India 146.8 Mha of land is degraded ( Bai et al., 2008). The major land-degradation processes in the World and in Asia are water erosion, wind erosion, salinity, alkalinity, nutrient depletion and metal pollution. Enrichment of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks through sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in agricultural soils and degraded lands is important because of its impacts on improving soil quality and agronomic production, and also for adaptation to mitigation of climate change. Various management strategies like conservation agriculture, integrated nutrient management, afforestation, alternate land use, plantations and amendments and use of biochar hold promise for long-term C sequestration. It can be concluded that land degradation is a serious problem in India which need to be tackled because shrinking of land resource base will lead to a substantial decline in food grain production which in turn would hamper the economic growth rate and there would also be unprecedented increase in mortality rate owing to hunger and malnutrition.
Impact of soil properties on carbon sequestrationyoginimahadule
1) The document presented on the impact of soil properties on carbon sequestration. It discussed topics like carbon pools in soil, ways carbon can be sequestered, role of soil properties like texture and biological activity, and management practices to enhance sequestration.
2) Case studies were presented showing higher carbon levels under no-till and residue retention practices compared to conventional tillage. Planting of shrub species also led to higher soil organic carbon and carbon sequestration rates.
3) Proper soil management through practices like reduced tillage, cover cropping, and organic matter addition can help boost carbon sequestration and mitigate climate change by storing atmospheric carbon in soil.
Opportunities & challenges of soil carbon sequestration in indian conditionsSunil Kumar
This document outlines opportunities and challenges for soil carbon sequestration in Indian conditions. It discusses how carbon can be sequestered through geological, ocean, and terrestrial methods. Soil carbon sequestration involves storing carbon in soil and has benefits like improved soil fertility and structure. The document identifies opportunities for soil carbon sequestration through various crop management strategies, tillage/residue management, nutrient management, and agroforestry. Challenges to soil carbon sequestration are also noted. Studies reporting soil organic carbon levels under different cropping systems and management practices are presented.
Organic farming has the potential to increase soil carbon levels compared to conventional farming through practices like incorporating fertility-building grass-clover leys and using livestock manures. However, the exact amount of carbon sequestration from organic management remains uncertain due to disparities in assessment methods and farming systems. While organic management often results in higher or slower declining soil carbon levels, the differences compared to conventional are only statistically significant in a few studies. More research is still needed to better define organic and conventional systems and determine their contributions to soil carbon stocks and flows.
soil organic carbon- a key for sustainable soil quality under scenario of cli...Bornali Borah
The global soil resource is already showing a sign of serious degradation (Banwart et al. 2014) which has ultimately negative impact on sustained crop yield and environmental quality. Due to intense rainfall and concurrent rise in temperature with changing climate, the fertile top soil is prone to severe degradation with depletion of SOC. Most soils in agricultural ecosystems have lost soil C ranging from 30 to 60 t C ha-1 with the magnitude of 50 to 75% loss (Lal, 2004). Hence, restoration of soil quality through different carbon management options will enhance soil health, mitigate climate change and provide sustained agricultural production.
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, Opening Ceremony of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Luca Montanarella from EU Commission’s Joint Research Centre, in FAO Hq, Rome
Carbon sequestration involves capturing atmospheric carbon dioxide and storing it in stable forms to prevent its contribution to global warming. There are several strategies for carbon sequestration, including biological methods like photosynthesis by plants and ocean fertilization, as well as non-biological approaches like storing CO2 in oceans, underground geological formations, or chemically converting it into carbonate minerals. Combining different carbon sequestration strategies is necessary for efficiently reducing atmospheric CO2 levels in a sustainable way.
Challenges of soil organic carbon sequestration in drylandsExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rachid Mrabet , from INRA – Morocco, in FAO Hq, Rome
Biochar is charcoal produced from pyrolysis of plant materials and waste feedstocks in low-oxygen conditions. When added to soil, biochar creates a stable carbon pool that stores carbon for thousands of years, making it carbon-negative. It improves soil nutrient retention and moisture holding capacity, reducing fertilizer needs and the environmental impacts of agriculture.
Biochar is a product rich in carbon that comes from the pyrolysis of biomass, generally of vegetable origin. It is obtained by the decomposition of organic matter exposed to temperatures between 350-600°C in an atmosphere with low oxygen availability (pyrolysis), which can be slow, intermediate or fast. The objective of this review is to show how biochar (BC) can be obtained and its effects on the physicochemical properties of soils and physiological behavior of cultivated plants. However, most studies reported positive effects of biochar application on soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbial activities, plant biomass and yield, and potential reductions of soil GHG emissions. This review summarized the general findings of the impacts of biochar application on different aspects from soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties, to soil nutrient availabilities, plant growth, biomass production and yield, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, and soil carbon sequestration. The biochar applications in soil remediation in the past years were summarized and possible mechanisms were discussed. Finally, the potential risks of biochar application and the future research directions were analyzed to verify the mechanisms involved in biochar-soil-microbial-plant interactions for soil carbon sequestration and crop biomass and yield improvements.
its describes Climate change w.r.t. agriculture its causes and effects and carbon trading in emission reduction of co2 , mechanisms, types , advantages and disadvantages.
This document discusses acid soils, including their classification, formation processes, characteristics, impacts, and management. It defines acid soils as having a pH below 5.5 and lists various natural and human-induced causes of acidification like rainfall, parent material, and fertilizer use. Characteristics include low nutrient availability, aluminum toxicity, and reduced biological activity. Management involves applying lime to raise pH and supply calcium, with different lime sources and particle sizes impacting effectiveness. Crop residues and manures can also reduce acidity through mineralization reactions.
Main GHGs from agricultural lands are CH4 and N2O
GHG emission can be reduced by 60 % in 2050 through:
Removal of rice straws and through good management practices in paddy fields
Use alternatives to chemical fertilizer
CH4 reduction from livestock by improving feed quality and animal comfort
Reduce N2O emission in soils
Enhance C sequestration in paddy and rainfed uplands through ‘Evergreen Agro-ecosystem’ concept
Carbon stock in agricultural lands can be enhanced by improving land management practices
C sequestration in tea lands can be increased through: Agro-ecosystem approach; Crop diversification; Intercropping; Introduction of shade trees with optimum density; and Rehabilitation of old tea lands
C stock can be increased by 267 % by the year 2050 through Home Garden Intensification
If the proposed mitigation actions are implemented, the country will be able to achieve Net Zero by 2038.
Carbon sequestration and carbon trading Sarla Kumawat
This document discusses various methods of carbon sequestration including terrestrial, geological, and ocean sequestration. Terrestrial sequestration involves storing carbon in plants and soils through practices like forestation and conservation tillage. Geological sequestration involves capturing carbon dioxide at emission sources and injecting it underground into formations like saline aquifers, oil and gas fields, and unminable coal seams. Ocean sequestration involves injecting carbon dioxide directly into the deep ocean where it will dissolve. The document also discusses carbon trading programs which allow countries to trade carbon credits if one country's emissions are lower than their limit.
The potential of regenerative agriculture for global climate regulation. Farming approaches, market potential, local carbon markets. Read more at www.regenerativedesigns.wordpress.com
This document discusses the impact of carbon sequestration on soil and crop productivity. It provides background on global carbon emissions and pools. Soil acts as both a source and sink of atmospheric carbon through processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition. Improving soil organic carbon through practices like conservation tillage, cover crops, nutrient management, and agroforestry can increase crop yields by improving soil quality properties. Maintaining or increasing soil organic carbon levels through appropriate land management practices helps mitigate climate change while enhancing soil health and agricultural productivity.
On soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change: potentials and drawb...SIANI
Carbon sequestration in soils has potential to mitigate climate change but also drawbacks. While increasing soil organic carbon could be considered sequestration, it must result in a net transfer of carbon from the atmosphere to land. Options to sequester carbon include converting arable land to grassland or forest, but this may displace agriculture elsewhere. Maintaining or increasing soil carbon through reduced tillage, cover crops or organic amendments provides other benefits but may not genuinely sequester new carbon. Overall, too much focus on soil carbon risks neglecting larger climate threats, and priorities should be good land stewardship and integrated solutions.
This document discusses carbon sequestration in soils through various agricultural management practices. It outlines concepts of carbon sequestration and greenhouse gases. It then discusses specific practices like conservation tillage, cover cropping, animal manure application, improved grassland management, and agroforestry that can sequester carbon in soils at rates of 0.1 to 1+ Mg C/ha/yr. The document emphasizes that a diversity of practices which increase carbon inputs and minimize losses can help mitigate rising greenhouse gases and restore degraded lands.
Biochar and its importance in sustaining crop productivity & soil healthAbhinav Vivek
The document discusses biochar, a charcoal-like substance produced from biomass that can be used as a soil amendment. It defines biochar as a carbon-rich product resulting from pyrolysis of plant biomass at low oxygen levels. Common feedstocks include wood waste, crop residues, and manure. The document outlines biochar's characteristics, production methods, impacts on soil properties like cation exchange capacity and moisture retention, and factors influencing its benefits. In conclusion, biochar can improve soil quality, sequester carbon, reduce fertilizer needs and emissions, and help manage overall soil health.
Soil is the largest carbon reservoir pool of terrestrial ecosystem and plays a key role in the global carbon budget and greenhouse effect. It contains 3.5% of the earth’s carbon reserve as compared with 1.7% in the atmosphere , 8.9% in the fossil fuels, 1.0% in the biota and 84.95% in the oceans. Soil reserves about 1550 GT of carbon as Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) and 1700 GT as carbonate carbon (Soil Inorganic Carbon , i,e SIC).Soil carbon(C) plays an important role in exchange of CO2 between atmosphere and biosphere. SOC and SIC are important as it determine ecosystem and agro-ecosystem functions influencing soil structure ,soil fertility ,water holding capacity , cation exchange capacity and other soil characteristics.
Soil Carbon & its Sequestration for Better Soil HealthBiswajitPramanick4
Carbon sequestration is the long- term storage of carbon in oceans, soils, vegetation (especially forests), and geologic formations. Although oceans store most of the Earth's carbon, soils contain approximately 75% of the carbon pool on land — three times more than the amount stored in living plants and animals.
Triple Green-Agricultural Management Interventions for a New Green RevolutionSIANI
This study was presented during the conference “Production and Carbon Dynamics in Sustainable Agricultural and Forest Systems in Africa” held in September, 2010.
Impact of soil properties on carbon sequestrationyoginimahadule
1) The document presented on the impact of soil properties on carbon sequestration. It discussed topics like carbon pools in soil, ways carbon can be sequestered, role of soil properties like texture and biological activity, and management practices to enhance sequestration.
2) Case studies were presented showing higher carbon levels under no-till and residue retention practices compared to conventional tillage. Planting of shrub species also led to higher soil organic carbon and carbon sequestration rates.
3) Proper soil management through practices like reduced tillage, cover cropping, and organic matter addition can help boost carbon sequestration and mitigate climate change by storing atmospheric carbon in soil.
Opportunities & challenges of soil carbon sequestration in indian conditionsSunil Kumar
This document outlines opportunities and challenges for soil carbon sequestration in Indian conditions. It discusses how carbon can be sequestered through geological, ocean, and terrestrial methods. Soil carbon sequestration involves storing carbon in soil and has benefits like improved soil fertility and structure. The document identifies opportunities for soil carbon sequestration through various crop management strategies, tillage/residue management, nutrient management, and agroforestry. Challenges to soil carbon sequestration are also noted. Studies reporting soil organic carbon levels under different cropping systems and management practices are presented.
Organic farming has the potential to increase soil carbon levels compared to conventional farming through practices like incorporating fertility-building grass-clover leys and using livestock manures. However, the exact amount of carbon sequestration from organic management remains uncertain due to disparities in assessment methods and farming systems. While organic management often results in higher or slower declining soil carbon levels, the differences compared to conventional are only statistically significant in a few studies. More research is still needed to better define organic and conventional systems and determine their contributions to soil carbon stocks and flows.
soil organic carbon- a key for sustainable soil quality under scenario of cli...Bornali Borah
The global soil resource is already showing a sign of serious degradation (Banwart et al. 2014) which has ultimately negative impact on sustained crop yield and environmental quality. Due to intense rainfall and concurrent rise in temperature with changing climate, the fertile top soil is prone to severe degradation with depletion of SOC. Most soils in agricultural ecosystems have lost soil C ranging from 30 to 60 t C ha-1 with the magnitude of 50 to 75% loss (Lal, 2004). Hence, restoration of soil quality through different carbon management options will enhance soil health, mitigate climate change and provide sustained agricultural production.
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, Opening Ceremony of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Luca Montanarella from EU Commission’s Joint Research Centre, in FAO Hq, Rome
Carbon sequestration involves capturing atmospheric carbon dioxide and storing it in stable forms to prevent its contribution to global warming. There are several strategies for carbon sequestration, including biological methods like photosynthesis by plants and ocean fertilization, as well as non-biological approaches like storing CO2 in oceans, underground geological formations, or chemically converting it into carbonate minerals. Combining different carbon sequestration strategies is necessary for efficiently reducing atmospheric CO2 levels in a sustainable way.
Challenges of soil organic carbon sequestration in drylandsExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rachid Mrabet , from INRA – Morocco, in FAO Hq, Rome
Biochar is charcoal produced from pyrolysis of plant materials and waste feedstocks in low-oxygen conditions. When added to soil, biochar creates a stable carbon pool that stores carbon for thousands of years, making it carbon-negative. It improves soil nutrient retention and moisture holding capacity, reducing fertilizer needs and the environmental impacts of agriculture.
Biochar is a product rich in carbon that comes from the pyrolysis of biomass, generally of vegetable origin. It is obtained by the decomposition of organic matter exposed to temperatures between 350-600°C in an atmosphere with low oxygen availability (pyrolysis), which can be slow, intermediate or fast. The objective of this review is to show how biochar (BC) can be obtained and its effects on the physicochemical properties of soils and physiological behavior of cultivated plants. However, most studies reported positive effects of biochar application on soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbial activities, plant biomass and yield, and potential reductions of soil GHG emissions. This review summarized the general findings of the impacts of biochar application on different aspects from soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties, to soil nutrient availabilities, plant growth, biomass production and yield, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, and soil carbon sequestration. The biochar applications in soil remediation in the past years were summarized and possible mechanisms were discussed. Finally, the potential risks of biochar application and the future research directions were analyzed to verify the mechanisms involved in biochar-soil-microbial-plant interactions for soil carbon sequestration and crop biomass and yield improvements.
its describes Climate change w.r.t. agriculture its causes and effects and carbon trading in emission reduction of co2 , mechanisms, types , advantages and disadvantages.
This document discusses acid soils, including their classification, formation processes, characteristics, impacts, and management. It defines acid soils as having a pH below 5.5 and lists various natural and human-induced causes of acidification like rainfall, parent material, and fertilizer use. Characteristics include low nutrient availability, aluminum toxicity, and reduced biological activity. Management involves applying lime to raise pH and supply calcium, with different lime sources and particle sizes impacting effectiveness. Crop residues and manures can also reduce acidity through mineralization reactions.
Main GHGs from agricultural lands are CH4 and N2O
GHG emission can be reduced by 60 % in 2050 through:
Removal of rice straws and through good management practices in paddy fields
Use alternatives to chemical fertilizer
CH4 reduction from livestock by improving feed quality and animal comfort
Reduce N2O emission in soils
Enhance C sequestration in paddy and rainfed uplands through ‘Evergreen Agro-ecosystem’ concept
Carbon stock in agricultural lands can be enhanced by improving land management practices
C sequestration in tea lands can be increased through: Agro-ecosystem approach; Crop diversification; Intercropping; Introduction of shade trees with optimum density; and Rehabilitation of old tea lands
C stock can be increased by 267 % by the year 2050 through Home Garden Intensification
If the proposed mitigation actions are implemented, the country will be able to achieve Net Zero by 2038.
Carbon sequestration and carbon trading Sarla Kumawat
This document discusses various methods of carbon sequestration including terrestrial, geological, and ocean sequestration. Terrestrial sequestration involves storing carbon in plants and soils through practices like forestation and conservation tillage. Geological sequestration involves capturing carbon dioxide at emission sources and injecting it underground into formations like saline aquifers, oil and gas fields, and unminable coal seams. Ocean sequestration involves injecting carbon dioxide directly into the deep ocean where it will dissolve. The document also discusses carbon trading programs which allow countries to trade carbon credits if one country's emissions are lower than their limit.
The potential of regenerative agriculture for global climate regulation. Farming approaches, market potential, local carbon markets. Read more at www.regenerativedesigns.wordpress.com
This document discusses the impact of carbon sequestration on soil and crop productivity. It provides background on global carbon emissions and pools. Soil acts as both a source and sink of atmospheric carbon through processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition. Improving soil organic carbon through practices like conservation tillage, cover crops, nutrient management, and agroforestry can increase crop yields by improving soil quality properties. Maintaining or increasing soil organic carbon levels through appropriate land management practices helps mitigate climate change while enhancing soil health and agricultural productivity.
On soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change: potentials and drawb...SIANI
Carbon sequestration in soils has potential to mitigate climate change but also drawbacks. While increasing soil organic carbon could be considered sequestration, it must result in a net transfer of carbon from the atmosphere to land. Options to sequester carbon include converting arable land to grassland or forest, but this may displace agriculture elsewhere. Maintaining or increasing soil carbon through reduced tillage, cover crops or organic amendments provides other benefits but may not genuinely sequester new carbon. Overall, too much focus on soil carbon risks neglecting larger climate threats, and priorities should be good land stewardship and integrated solutions.
This document discusses carbon sequestration in soils through various agricultural management practices. It outlines concepts of carbon sequestration and greenhouse gases. It then discusses specific practices like conservation tillage, cover cropping, animal manure application, improved grassland management, and agroforestry that can sequester carbon in soils at rates of 0.1 to 1+ Mg C/ha/yr. The document emphasizes that a diversity of practices which increase carbon inputs and minimize losses can help mitigate rising greenhouse gases and restore degraded lands.
Biochar and its importance in sustaining crop productivity & soil healthAbhinav Vivek
The document discusses biochar, a charcoal-like substance produced from biomass that can be used as a soil amendment. It defines biochar as a carbon-rich product resulting from pyrolysis of plant biomass at low oxygen levels. Common feedstocks include wood waste, crop residues, and manure. The document outlines biochar's characteristics, production methods, impacts on soil properties like cation exchange capacity and moisture retention, and factors influencing its benefits. In conclusion, biochar can improve soil quality, sequester carbon, reduce fertilizer needs and emissions, and help manage overall soil health.
Soil is the largest carbon reservoir pool of terrestrial ecosystem and plays a key role in the global carbon budget and greenhouse effect. It contains 3.5% of the earth’s carbon reserve as compared with 1.7% in the atmosphere , 8.9% in the fossil fuels, 1.0% in the biota and 84.95% in the oceans. Soil reserves about 1550 GT of carbon as Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) and 1700 GT as carbonate carbon (Soil Inorganic Carbon , i,e SIC).Soil carbon(C) plays an important role in exchange of CO2 between atmosphere and biosphere. SOC and SIC are important as it determine ecosystem and agro-ecosystem functions influencing soil structure ,soil fertility ,water holding capacity , cation exchange capacity and other soil characteristics.
Soil Carbon & its Sequestration for Better Soil HealthBiswajitPramanick4
Carbon sequestration is the long- term storage of carbon in oceans, soils, vegetation (especially forests), and geologic formations. Although oceans store most of the Earth's carbon, soils contain approximately 75% of the carbon pool on land — three times more than the amount stored in living plants and animals.
Triple Green-Agricultural Management Interventions for a New Green RevolutionSIANI
This study was presented during the conference “Production and Carbon Dynamics in Sustainable Agricultural and Forest Systems in Africa” held in September, 2010.
This document presents a proposal for a project to mitigate climate change through increasing carbon sequestration in rangelands in Nepal. The project aims to scientifically manage rangelands through practices like rotational grazing, fertilizing, and brush management. This will increase vegetation growth and soil carbon levels, making the rangelands a carbon sink. The project will measure initial carbon levels, implement management practices, and measure final carbon levels to quantify the additional carbon sequestered. The expected outcomes are climate change mitigation, increased rangeland and livestock productivity, and improved livelihoods for rural communities.
Climate change impacts on soil health and their mitigation and adaptation str...Rajendra meena
The increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is bringing about major changes to the global environment resulting in global warming, depletion of ozone concentration in the stratosphere, changes in atmospheric moisture and precipitation and enhanced atmospheric deposition. These changes impact several soil processes, which are influence soil health. Soil health refers to the capacity of soil to perform agronomic and environmental functions. A number of physical, chemical and biological characteristics have been proposed as indicators of soil health. Generally, biological processes in soil such as decomposition and storage of organic matter, C and N cycling, microbial and metabolic quotients are likely to be influenced greatly by climate change and have thus high relevance to assess climate change impacts (Allen et al., 2011). Soil organic matter (SOM) exerts a major influence on several soil health indicators and is thus considered a key indicator of soil health. An optimal level of SOM is essential for maintaining soil health and alleviating rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. Elevated CO2 has increased C decay rates generally but in some cases elevated CO2 increases soil C storage (Jastrow et al., 2016). Enhancing the soil organic carbon pool also improves agro-ecosystem resilience, eco-efficiency, and adaptation to climate change. Healthy soils provide the largest store of terrestrial carbon, when managed sustainably; soils can play an important role in climate change mitigation by storing carbon (carbon sequestration) and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere (Paustian et al., 2016).
Wright et al., (2005) reported that no tillage increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON) 11 and 21% in corn and 22 and 12 % in cotton than conventional tillage. Agroforestry system at farmers’ field enhance soil biological activity and amongst trees, P. cineraria based system brought maximum and significant improvement in soil biological activity (Yadav et al ., 2011).
La Convención de las Naciones Unidas de Lucha contra la Desertificación acaba de publicar un informe en el que se señala la importancia de carbono orgánico de los suelos orientado a los decisores políticos y que se presentará en la próxima reunión de la UNFCCC sobre cambio climático que se celebrará en París (COP21).
1) Climate change is causing less rainfall, more hot days, rising sea levels, and greater temperature extremes in Australia which impacts horticulture.
2) Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture include methane from livestock and nitrous oxide from soils and fertilizers which contribute to climate change.
3) Using compost can help mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon in soils, improving soil quality, and replacing chemical fertilizers while also providing other environmental benefits.
1) Climate change is causing less rainfall, more hot days, rising sea levels, and greater temperature extremes in Australia which impacts horticulture.
2) Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture include methane from livestock and nitrous oxide from soils and fertilizers which contribute to climate change.
3) Using compost can help mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon in soils, improving soil quality, and replacing chemical fertilizers while also providing other environmental benefits.
The Earth Partners is a partnership between AES, an ecological restoration firm, and Brinkman, a reforestation company, focused on restoring degraded land through growing conservation biomass. Conservation biomass involves sustainably harvesting native species from marginal agricultural land to use as bioenergy feedstock while improving soil, water, and habitat. TEP will measure increases in soil carbon from land restoration projects to generate carbon credits. TEP has partnered with POET to supply conservation biomass to their solid fuel boiler, transforming marginal lands into environmental and economic benefits.
This document discusses how managing ecosystems and land can draw down carbon from the atmosphere and stabilize the climate. Large-scale adoption of natural climate solutions like soil-based carbon capture are very cost-effective ways to remove carbon. The City of Boulder and Boulder County are leading initiatives to test carbon farming practices on public lands, involving local farmers, researchers, and citizens. Their goal is to rapidly develop land-based carbon removal strategies and scale them worldwide to address climate change.
GSR's Monthly Newsletter. This month features a in-depth guest article about Carbon Sequestration through Sustainable Restorative Agriculture (SRA) by Chris Danch.
Carbon Farming, A Solution to Climate Change.pptxNaveen Prasath
Global warming and climate change refer to an increase in average global temperatures over a very long period of time. Natural events and human activities are believed to be contributing to an increase in average global temperatures, This is caused primarily by increases in “greenhouse” gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2).
Indicators
Global Green House Gas emission
Atmospheric concentration of green house gases
Change in Temperature pattern
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CARBON SEQUESTRATION
1. Submmitted to:- Submitted by:-
Dr. Ashish Latare Mohd Aale Navi
Mr. Sumit Rai R-14022
BSc. (Ag) 4th year
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
RAJIV GANDHI SOUTH CAMPUS
“Crop residue management and soil carbon sequestration ”
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 1
2. Carbon sequestration
Soil carbon sequestration is the process of transferring carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere into the soil through crop residues and other organic solids, and in a
form that is not immediately reemitted.
This transfer or “sequestering” of carbon helps off-set emissions from fossil fuel
combustion and other carbon-emitting activities while enhancing soil quality
and long-term agronomic productivity.
Soil carbon sequestration can be accomplished by management systems that
add high amounts of biomass to the soil, cause minimal soil disturbance,
conserve soil and water, improve soil structure, and enhance soil fauna activity.
Continuous no-till crop production is a prime example
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 2
3. cont.:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere has increased about 40%, from about
280 parts per million (ppm) by volume prior to 1850, to 396.8 ppm in 2013.This
is mainly a result of burning fossil fuels, changes in land use, and cultivation of
the land for food production.
Most scientists believe the increased atmospheric CO2 levels are causing global
climate change, with rising global atmospheric and ocean temperatures, and
increased frequency of extreme weather events
Soil is a large reservoir of carbon, with about 60% organic carbon in the form of
soil organic matter (SOM), and the remaining inorganic carbon in the form of
inorganic compounds (e.g., limestone, or CaCO3).
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 3
4. 12/14/2017
Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18
4
Biofuel From Industrial CO2
and SOC Sequestration
Ethanol
Biodiesel
Biochemicals
Nutrient-
Enriched &
Biochar/
Compost
Residues
Bioreactors
Soil Carbon Sequestration
Algae
Cynobacteria
Algae
Cynobacteria
ApplicationonAg.Soils
Bioenergy
5. Value of soil Carbon
• Value to farmer: for soil quality enhancement
• Value to society: for ecosystem services
Societal value of soil carbon
• Reduction in erosion and sedimentation of water bodies.
• Improvement in water quality.
• Biodegradation of pollutants.
• Mitigation of climate change
On-farm value of soil
• The quantity of NPK, Zn, Cu etc. and H2O retention in humus.
• Improvements in soil structure and tilth.
• Decrease in losses due to runoff, leaching and erosion.
• ~ $200/ton
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 5
6. Atmospheric CO2
emissions (%) from
human activities
since 1850. Primary Causes:
• Burning fossil fuels - 65.5%
• Land clearing for agriculture - 19.3%
• Land conversion to cropland - 9.7%
• Deforestation - 5.5%
Total - 100%
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 6
7. Objective of carbon sequestration in soil
Developing technologies to reduce rate of concentration of green house gases in
air.
Reducing pollutants in air as well as improving natural carbon content
in soil.
Improvement of soil structure and restoring degraded soil leading to increase yield
in crops.
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 7
8. Global warming debate
• There is a growing concern that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere will change the climate, making Earth warmer and increasing the
frequency of extreme weather events.
• Most climate models predict that if global warming occurs, it will not produce
globally uniform effects. Most places in higher latitudes will become warmer, but
some will actually cool down (for example, Northwestern Europe).
• Global precipitation will increase due to increased evaporation from the oceans,
but some areas will receive substantially less rainfall than today.
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 8
9. How is carbon sequestrated in soil
SOM originally comes from atmospheric CO2 that is captured by plants through
the process of photosynthesis.
When plants die and decompose, some CO2 is sequestered in the soil, while
some is released back to the atmosphere. The primary way to store (sequester)
carbon in the soil is to add organic soil amendments such as compost or animal
manures.
SOM is a complex of carbon (C) compounds,
and includes everything in or on the soil
that is of biological origin.
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 9
10. Benefits
In addition to reducing current atmospheric CO2 levels, increasing soil carbon
sequestration can provide other benefits for soil quality, the environment, and
agricultural production:
Increased agricultural productivity.
Improved soil structure.
Increased soil fertility.
Increased water holding capacity.
Increased infiltration capacity.
Increased water use efficiency, due to reduced moisture loss from runoff, evaporation,
deep drainage below the root zone.
Improved soil health resulting in higher nutrient cycling and availability.
Reduced fertilizer (N, P) needs over the longer term.
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 10
11. How to increase
The following management practices can increase soil carbon sequestration
and help mitigate climate change:
Add organic soil amendments, such as compost, animal manure, biosolids,
and organic mulch.
Add biochar to the soil.Biochar is a microbially resistant carbon substance
which is produced by heating organic wastes such as crop residues or wood
chips in the absence of oxygen by a process called pyrolysis.
Leave crop residues on the soil without open burning.
Apply agronomic rates of nitrogen fertilizers to increase soil fertility and
crop production.
Adopt no-till or minimum till to avoid mechanical disturbance of the soil.
Adopt crop rotations with cover crops in the rotation cycle.
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 11
12. cont:
Switch from single crop farming to more diverse practices such as pasture,
crop and pasture rotation, inter-cropping (growing two or more crops close
to each other), pasture cropping (sowing crops such as cereals into
pastures), and agroforestry (combining trees or shrubs with crops or
pasture).
Shorten or eliminate summer fallow periods.
Practice organic, biological, or biodynamic farming or gardening methods
(management practices that restore, maintain, and enhance ecological
balance).
Enhance biological nitrogen fixation through the use of legume crops such
as alfalfa.
Grow bioenergy crops which are grown specifically for their fuel value to
make biofuel (e.g., switchgrass) on marginal lands
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 12
13. Cropland Grassland Forest
• Reduced tillage Grazing management Selective harvesting
• Rotations Fire management Tree planting
• Cover crops Fertilization Diverse species
• Fertility management
• Erosion control
• Irrigation management
Best management practices
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 13
14. Soil organic pool
• The SOC pool is at a dynamic equilibrium under a specific land use
and management system. At equilibrium, the C input into a system
equals C output. Upon conversion to another land use and
management,
• Depletion of SOC pool occurs if C input < C output, and Sequestration
if C input > C output (Eq. 1 to Eq. 3).
Steady state . . . . . . . . . . . . Cinput = Coutput . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eq. 1
Depletion . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cinput < Coutput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eq. 2
Sequestration . . . . . . . . . . Cinput > Coutput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Eq. 3
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 14
15. 12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18
Innovative
Technology II
Innovative
Technology I
Subsistence
farming, none or
low off-farm input
soil degradation
New
equilibrium
Adoption of
RMPs
20
40 60 80 100 120 140 160
40
60
80
100
0
20
Time (Yrs)
Accelerated erosion
Maximum
Potential
Rate
ΔY
ΔX
Attainable
Potential
Soil C Dynamics
16. 12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 16
Recommended practices C sequestration potential
(Mg C/ha/yr)
Conservation tillage 0.10-0.40
Winter cover crop 0.05-0.20
Soil fertility management 0.05-0.10
Elimination of summer fallow 0.05-0.20
Forages based rotation 0.05-0.20
Use of improved varieties 0.05-0.10
Organic amendments 0.20-0.30
Water table management/irrigation
Lawn & Turf
0.05-0.10
0.5-1.0
Minesoil reclamation 0.5-1.0
17. Terrestrial C Sink Capacity
Historic Loss from Terrestrial Biosphere = 456 Pg with 4 Pg of C
emission = 1 ppm of CO2
The Potential Sink of Terrestrial Biospheres = 114 ppm
Assuming that up to 50% can be resequestered = 45 – 55 ppm
The Average Sink Capacity = 50 ppm over 50 yr
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 17
18. Potential of Mitigating Atmospheric CO2
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 18
19. 1. World: 600 – 1200
2. USA: 144 – 432
3. India: 40 – 50
4. Iceland 1.2 – 1.6
5. Brazil: 40 – 60
6. W. Europe: 70 – 190
7. China: 126 – 364
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 19
Region Potential Tg C/yr
Estimates of Global and Regional
Potential of Soil C Sequestration
20. 12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 20
Crop yield and productivity effects of
SOC pool
SOC Pool
CropYield
Unfertilized
Fertilized
SOC Pool
∆Yield
25. SOC sequestration in India and world
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 25
26. SOC depletion rate
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 26
27. Estimation of soil degradation in india
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 27
28. Soil organic carbon sequestration through restoration
off degraded soil
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 28
29. An average long-term rate of SOC sequestration with these
techniques is
200 to 1000 kg/ha/yr - for humid temperate regions
50 to 250 kg/ha/yr - for dry tropical regions.
In addition, the rate of SIC sequestration as secondary carbonates is
about 5 to 25 kg/ha/yr in arid and semi-arid regions.
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 29
30. Crop residue management
Crop residues include any biomass left in the field after grains and other
economic components have been harvested. The above ground components of
crop residues include shoot, leaves, cobs, husk, etc.
The straw of most cereal crop contains about 35%,10% and 80% of the total N, P
and K taken up by the crop. (Barnard & Kristoferson,1985)
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 30
31. Availability of crop residue in india
The estimated cereal residues and nutrient present in the cereal
residue of major crop of India are-
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 31
32. Crop residue as a source of plant nutrient
About 40% of the N, 30-35% of the P, 80-85% of the K, and 40-50% of the S
absorbed by rice remain in the vegetative parts at maturity (Dobermann and
Fairhurst, 2000)
Similarly, about 25-30% of N and P, 35-40% of S, and 70-75% of K uptake are
retained in wheat residue.
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 32
33. Management of crop residue:
Residue Burning
Balling and Removing the Straw
Surface retention and mulching
Residue incorporation
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 33
34. Effect of crop residue on soil quality
The soil quality is defined as "The capacity of a specific kind of soil to
function, within natural or managed ecosystem boundaries, to sustain
plant and animal productivity, maintain or enhance water and air
quality, and support human health and habitation."(Karlen et al ,
1997).
The soil quality indicators are
(1) Physical
(2) Chemical
(3) Biological
(4) Organic matter
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 34
35. Effect of straw application on bulk density, hydraulic
conductivity, WSA & porosity
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 35
36. Effect of crop residue on chemical qualities
Soil reaction
Electrical conductivity
Soil organic matter
Soil macronutrient and micronutrient
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 36
37. Effect of crop residue management on
organic carbon content of soil
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 37
38. Effect of crop residue on biological quality
Microbial population
Enzymatic activity
Microbial biomass C and N
Carbon and nitrogen mineralization
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 38
39. Microbial population as affected by residue management
in rice-wheat rotation
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 39
40. Estimates of the amount of crop residues produced in the
world in 1951 and 2001
(Adapted from Lal, 2005).
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 40
41. Estimation of crop residues production in rice and rice
based cropping system in the tropics and the world
Adopted from singh et al.. 2005
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 41
42. Crop management Practices on SOC Sequestration
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 42
43. Potential of soil carbon sequestration in different eco
region
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 43
44. Potential of sequestration of secondary carbonates
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 44
45. Total potential of carbon sequestration in soils of india
12/14/2017 Mohd Aale Navi, RAWE, Bsc. (ag) 3rd year 2017-18 45