Study on conversion of sand to soil organically. Through this process we can develop our poor soil surface into the healthy surface and this soil is able to produce different plants for food and others.

1. 1College of Agricultural Sciences

2. Study on Conversion of Sand to Soil
Organically
Md. Taher Ullah
ID: 10309011
Program: BSAg
College of Agricultural Sciences
IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology
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3. Introduction of Supervisor and Co-supervisor
(Prof. Dr. Mohammad Ataur Rahman)
Supervisor
Faculty,
College of Agricultural Sciences
IUBAT-International University of Business
Agriculture and Technology
(Prof. Dr. Anil Chandra Basak)
Co-supervisor
Faculty,
College of Agricultural Sciences
IUBAT-International University of Business
Agriculture and Technology
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4. Sequences
• Introduction of Practicum Organization
• Mission and Vision of the Organization
• Introduction of this Experiment
• Objectives of this Experiment
• Materials and Methods
• Results and Discussions
• Recommendation
• Conclusion
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5. Practicum Organization
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IUBAT- International University of Business
Agriculture and Technology

6. Mission and Vision
The overall mission of IUBAT is human resources development through:
1. Appropriate teaching
2. Appropriate training and
3. Appropriate guidance
This overall vision is being obtained through offering courses and curricula
relating to various aspects of knowledge.
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7. Introduction
 Soil is the mixture of minerals, organic
matter, gases, liquids and the myriad of
organisms that together support plant life.
 It is a natural body that exists as part of the
pedosphere.
The soil performs four important functions:
1. It is a medium for plant growth,
2. It is a means of water storage, supply
and purification,
3. It is a modifier of the atmosphere and
4. It is a habitat for organisms.
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8. Cont’d
Sand is a naturally occurring granular
material composed of finely divided
rock and mineral particles.
Sand is defined by size, being finer
than gravel and coarser than silt.
Sand can also refer to a textural class
of soil or soil type; i.e. a soil containing
more than 85% sand-sized particles (by
mass).
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9. Objectives
To find out soil organic matter by drying method.
To find out which zone is the fastest of converting sand into soil.
To analyze soil organic matter into percentage.
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10. MATERIALS
AND
METHODS
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11. Experimental Site
Figure: Permaculture Field
During period: September 2014 to December 2014
Place: IUBAT Agriculture Research Field
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12. Geographical Location
The experimental area is situated at 23°77´ N latitude and’ 90°33´ E
longitude at an altitude of 8.6 meter above the sea level (Anon. 2004).
The experimental field belongs to the Agro-ecological zone.
Experimental Design
Permaculture is a branch of ecological design, ecological engineering,
environmental design, construction and integrated water resources
management that develops sustainable architecture, regenerative and self-
maintained habitat and agricultural systems modeled from natural
ecosystems.
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13. Physical Properties of Soils
The physical properties of soil in order to decreasing importance are:
Texture,
Structure,
Density,
Porosity,
Consistency,
Temperature,
Color and
Resistivity.
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14. Generalized Influence of Soil Texture Separates on Some Properties/Behavior of Soils
Property/behavior Sand Silt Clay
Water-holding capacity Low Medium to
high High
Aeration Good Medium Poor
Drainage rate High Slow to
medium Very slow
Soil organic matter level Low Medium to
high High to medium
Decomposition of organic
matter Rapid Medium Slow
Warm-up in spring Rapid Moderate Slow
Compactability Low Medium High
Susceptibility to wind erosion Moderate (High if fine
sand) High Low
Susceptibility to water
erosion Low (unless fine sand) High Low if aggregated,
otherwise high
Shrink/Swell Potential Very Low Low Moderate to very high
Sealing of ponds, dams, and
landfills Poor Poor Good
Suitability for tillage after
rain Good Medium Poor
Pollutant leaching potential High Medium Low (unless cracked)
Ability to store plant nutrients Poor Medium to
High High
Resistance to pH change Low Medium High
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15. Soil Forming Processes
Soil formation or pedogenesis is the combined
effect of physical, chemical, biological and
anthropogenic processes working on soil parent
material.
Soil is said to be formed when organic matter
has accumulated and colloids are washed
downward, leaving deposits of clay, humus,
iron oxide, carbonate and gypsum producing a
distinct layer called the B horizon.
These constituents are moved from one level
to another by water and animal activity.
The alteration and movement of materials
within a soil causes the formation of
distinctive soil horizons.
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16. Composition of Soil Particles
Soil particles can be classified by their chemical composition
(mineralogy) as well as their size.
The particle size distribution of a soil, its texture, determines many of
the properties of that soil.
The mineralogy of those particles can strongly modify those
properties.
The mineralogy of the finest soil particles clay is especially
important.
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17. Soil Water
Water affects soil formation, structure, stability and erosion but is of
primary concern with respect to plant growth. Water is essential to plants
for four reasons:
1. It constitutes 80%-95% of the plant's protoplasm.
2. It is essential for photosynthesis.
3. It is the solvent in which nutrients are carried to, into and
throughout the plant.
4. It provides the turgidity by which the plant keeps itself in proper
position.
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18. Organic Matter
Organic matter is a matter that composed of organic compounds what
comes from the remain organisms such as plants and animals and their
waste products in the environment.
Basic structures are created from cellulose, tannin, cutin and lignin,
along with other various proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.
It is very important to the movement of nutrients in the environment and
plays a role in water retention on the surface of the planet.
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19. Soil Organic Matter
Soil organic matter is made up of organic compounds and includes plant,
animal and microbial material, both living and dead.
A typical soil has a biomass composition of 70% microorganisms, 22%
macrofauna and 8% roots.
The living component of an acre of soil may include 900 lb of
earthworms, 2400 lb of fungi, 1500 lb of bacteria, 133 lb of protozoa and
890 lb of arthropods and algae.
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20. Planting Materials
Planted some plants and crops to
the field and cultivate those
plants and crops.
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21. Watering
Water was giving at two times first
in the morning and second in the
afternoon.
Watering to the growing crops and
grasses to convert sandy-soil into
fertile-soil.
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22. Soil Collection
All soil samples were collected from three zones of the IUBAT Agriculture
Research Field.
Total 9 inches soil sample was collected from three layers.
Every layers are 3 inches deep and amount is 25gm.
Total 9 soil samples was collected from the field.
Zone A Zone B Zone C
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23. Soil Samples
Figure: 9 soil samples
There has 9 soil samples, whose have collected from three zones “A” “B” and “C”.
Zone “A” = A1, A2 and A3
Zone “B” = B1, B2 and B3
Zone “C” = C1, C2 and C3
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24. Measuring All Samples
25gm Soil sample have taken from each layer
and all samples were measured by the balance
machine.
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25. Soil Drying
All samples are drying into the Oven at
three times, first time 120º C, second time
210º C and third time 350º C.
All durations of drying processes are same
about 2hrs and 30mins.
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26. Data Collection
Everyday we have observed our field
and our field soil development.
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27. RESULTS
AND
DISCUSSION
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28. 25gm of each soil sample were taken and dried into 120ºC, 210ºC and 350ºC
temperature inside an oven. And then all samples weights were collected and
wrote it down. 25gm soil weight is going down.
All results are showing below:
Sample
F0
(gm)
F1
(gm)
F2
(gm)
F3
(gm)
X
(gm)
Y
(gm)
Z
(gm)
A1 25 19.28 19.18 19.02 5.72 5.82 5.98
A2 25 19.16 19.14 18.92 5.84 5.86 6.08
A3 25 23.1 23.06 23.04 1.9 1.94 1.96
B1 25 21.28 21.16 21.06 3.72 3.84 3.94
B2 25 23.06 22.96 22.94 1.94 2.04 2.06
B3 25 23.22 23.1 23.04 1.78 1.9 1.96
C1 25 22.54 22.44 22.26 2.46 2.56 2.74
C2 25 23.56 23.44 23.38 1.44 1.56 1.62
C3 25 24 23.98 23.9 1 1.02 1.1
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29. Cont’d
Where:
F0 = Normal weight of a sample
F1 = Weight after drying into 120ºC of a sample
F2 = Weight after drying into 210ºC of a sample
F3 = Weight after drying into 350ºC of a sample
X = Difference between normal weight and drying weight into 120ºC of a
sample
Y = Difference between normal weight and drying weight into 210ºC of a
sample
Z = Difference between normal weight and drying weight into 350ºC of a
sample
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30. Calculation of Soil Organic Matter by Drying
Method
Sample A1, is upper layer of soil sample which taken from the “A” zone,
A1 = [{(F1 – F3) ÷ F3} × 100]
A1 = [{(19.28 – 19.02) ÷ 19.02}gm × 100] = 1.367 %
So, 1.367% organic matter is available in “Sample A1”.
Sample A2, is middle layer of soil sample which taken from the “A” zone,
A2 = [{(F1 – F3) ÷ F3} × 100]
A2 = [{(19.16 – 18.92) ÷ 18.92}gm × 100] = 1.268 %
So, 1.268% organic matter is available in “Sample A2”.
Sample A3, is lower layer of soil sample which taken from the “A” zone,
A3= [{(F1 – F3) ÷ F3} × 100]
A3 = [{(23.10 – 23.04) ÷ 23.04}gm × 100] = 0.261 %
So, 0.261% organic matter is available in “Sample A3”. 30College of Agricultural Sciences

31. Cont’d
Sample B1, is upper layer of soil sample which taken from the “B” zone,
B1= [{(F1 – F3) ÷ F3} × 100]
B1 = [{(21.28 – 21.06) ÷ 21.06}gm × 100] = 1.045 %
So, 1.045% organic matter is available in “Sample B1”.
Sample B2, is middle layer of soil sample which taken from the “B” zone,
B2= [{(F1 – F3) ÷ F3} × 100]
B2 = [{(23.06 – 22.94) ÷ 22.94}gm × 100] = 0.523 %
So, 0.523% organic matter is available in “Sample B2”.
Sample B3, is lower layer of soil sample which taken from the “B” zone,
B3= [{(F1 – F3) ÷ F3} × 100]
B3 = [{(23.22 – 23.04) ÷ 23.04}gm × 100] = 0.781 %
So, 0.781% organic matter is available in “Sample B3”.
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32. Cont’d
Sample C1, is upper layer of soil sample which taken from the “C” zone,
C1= [{(F1 – F3) ÷ F3} × 100]
C1 = [{(22.54 – 22.26) ÷ 22.26}gm × 100] = 1.258 %
So, 1.258% organic matter is available in “Sample C1”.
Sample C2, is middle layer of soil sample which taken from the “C” zone,
C2= [{(F1 – F3) ÷ F3} × 100]
C2 = [{(23.56 – 23.38) ÷ 23.38}gm × 100] = 0.769 %
So, 0.769% organic matter is available in “Sample C2”.
Sample C3, is lower layer of soil sample which taken from the “C” zone,
C3= [{(F1 – F3) ÷ F3} × 100]
C3 = [{(24.00 – 23.90) ÷ 23.90}gm × 100] = 0.418 %
So, 0.418% organic matter is available in “Sample C3”.
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33. Cont’d
Where:
A1 = Upper 3 inches layer soil sample of zone A
A2 = Middle 3 inches layer soil sample of zone A
A3 = Lower 3 inches layer soil sample of zone A
B1 = Upper 3 inches layer soil sample of zone B
B2 = Middle 3 inches layer soil sample of zone B
B3 = Lower 3 inches layer soil sample of zone B
C1 = Upper 3 inches layer soil sample of zone C
C2 = Middle 3 inches layer soil sample of zone C
C3 = Lower 3 inches layer soil sample of zone C
F1 = Weight after drying into 120ºC of a sample
F2 = Weight after drying into 210ºC of a sample
F3 = Weight after drying into 350ºC of a sample
X = difference between normal weight and drying weight into 120ºC of a sample
Y = difference between normal weight and drying weight into 210ºC of a sample
Z = difference between normal weight and drying weight into 350ºC of a sample
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34. Percentages of upper layer soil organic matter
1.37%
1.05%
1.26%
0.00%
0.20%
0.40%
0.60%
0.80%
1.00%
1.20%
1.40%
1.60%
A1 B1 C1
PercentageogOrganicMatter
Upper Layer Samples
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35. 1.27%
0.52%
0.77%
0.00%
0.20%
0.40%
0.60%
0.80%
1.00%
1.20%
1.40%
A2 B2 C2
PercentageogOrganicMatter
Middle Layer Samples
Percentages of middle layer soil organic matter
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36. 0.26%
0.78%
0.42%
0.00%
0.10%
0.20%
0.30%
0.40%
0.50%
0.60%
0.70%
0.80%
0.90%
A3 B3 C3
PercentageogOrganicMatter
Lower Layer Samples
Percentages of lower layer soil organic matter
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37. Difference of layer organic matter percentages
1.37%
1.05%
1.26%1.27%
0.52%
0.77%
0.26%
0.78%
0.42%
0.00%
0.20%
0.40%
0.60%
0.80%
1.00%
1.20%
1.40%
1.60%
A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3
PercentageofOrganicMatter
Soil Samples
Upper
Middle
Lower
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38. Finally, I have found organic matter of the soil from the experimental field.
I have found zone A is more developed zone than other zones by this
experiment.
38%
30%
32%
Total Percentage of Organic Matter
A B C
A= Zone A
B= Zone B
C= Zone C
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39. Recommendation
No need to use chemical fertilizer for converting sand into soil.
Grow up all grasses to the field/plot.
Water is very much essential for converting and developing sand into soil.
Weeding method is no needed to conversion of sand into soil.
“Conversion of sand to soil organically” is a very slow process.
It is an environmental process and it has no side effect.
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40. Conclusion
The experiment was conducted to the conversion of sand to soil organically in
our IUBAT Agriculture research field with the help of Prof. Dr. Ataur Rahman
and Prof . Dr. Anil Chandra Basak, Faculties of College of Agricultural
Sciences.
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41. Thank You
All
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42. 42College of Agricultural Sciences