This document describes the muscles of the gluteal region, thigh, and leg. It provides details on the origin, insertion, nerve supply, and actions of muscles in the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg, as well as the superficial and deep muscles of the back of the leg. Tables are included summarizing the principal and accessory muscles producing movements at the hip, knee, ankle, and for inversion and eversion.

1. MUSCLES OF GLUTEAL
REGION/THIGH/LEG
DR MANOJ KUMAR SINGH
1ST YR PG
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND
REHABILITATION

2. Muscles of the Gluteal Region:

11. MUSCLES OF ANTERIOR
COMPARTMENT OF LEG
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
PERONEUS TERTIUS
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS

12. TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
ORIGIN : Tibia :- lateral condyle U2/3 lateral surface of shaft
Inter osseous membrane
INSERTION : Medial cuneiform :- infro medial surface
1st MT :- Base
N/S : Deep peroneal nerve
ACTION : Dorsiflexion at foot
Inverter of foot
Maintain medial
longitudinal arch of foot

13. EXT HALLUCIS LONGUS
ORIGIN : Fibula :-middle 2/4 shaft post surface
INSERTION : Distal phalynx of great toe :-Dorsal
surface
N/S : Deep peroneal nerve
ACTION : Dorsi flexion of foot
Extensin of MTP ,
Keep leg verticle while walking on
uneven ground

14. EXTENSOR DIGITORIUM LONGUS
ORIGIN : Tibia :- Lateral condyle
Fibula :- U ¼ whole side
Middle :- anterior half
Interosseous membrane
INSERTION : Middle and distal phalanges of 2nd and
5th toe
Muscle divide into 4 tendons for 2ndto
5th toe
Each tendon is joined on lateral side by
tendon of ext digitobrevis and form
dorsal digital expantion
N/S : Deep peroneal nerve
ACTION : Dorsiflexion of foot
Extends MTP ,IP5 of 2nd and 5th toe

15. PERONEUS TERTIUS
ORIGIN : Fibula :- L/4 medial surface shaft
INSERTION : 5th MT – medial surface of dorsal
surface
N/S : Deep peroneal nerve
ACTION : Dorsiflexion and inverter of foot

16. EXTENSOR DIGITORIUM BREVIS
N/S : Deep peroneal nerve
ACTION : EHB :- Extends MTP of great toe
Other extends MTP ,IP5 OF
2ND ,3RD,4TH toes
ORIGIN : Calcaneus anterior surface
INSERTION : Proximal phalynx of 1st – 4th toes
Muscle divides into 4 tendons for medial
4th toe
medial most part of muscle called as
extensor hallucis brevis
Lateral 3 tendons join lateral side of EDL
for dorsal digital expansion of 2nd ,3RD ,4th
toe

17. 2 MUSCLES OF LATERAL SIDE OF LEG
PERONEUS LONGUS
PERONEUS BREVIS

18. PERONEUS LONGUS
ORIGIN : Fibula :- Head of fibula
Lateral surface of shaft
Medial 1/3 of fibula
INSERTION : Medial cuneaform
same as T.ant 1st MT
N/S : Superior peroneal nerve
ACTION : Evertor of foot
Maintains lateral longitdinal
transerve arch

19. PERONEUS BREVIS
• ORIGIN : Fibula :- L/3 Lateral surface of
shaft
• INSERTION : 5th MT
• N/S : Superficial peroneal nerve
• ACTION : Evertor of foot

20. MUSCLES OF MEDIAL SIDE OF LEG
• SARTORIUS
• GRACILIS
• SEMITENDANOSUS

21. SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF BACK OF LEG
. GASTROCNEMIUS
. SOLEUS
. PLANTARIS

22. GASTROCNEMIUS
ORIGIN : Medial Head :- medial condyle of femur
popliteal surface of femur
capsule of knee joint
Lateral head :- lateral condyle of femur
lateral supracondylar line
capsule of knee
INSERTION : Calcaneous :- Tendons of gastrocnemius fuses
with soleus for tendon achilis
inserted on M/3 of posteior
surface of calcaneous
N/S : Tibial nerve S1,S2
ACTION : Plantar flexion foot imp for walking
Flexor of knee

23. SOLEUS
ORIGIN : Tibia :- soleal line and m/3 of post surface of shaft
Fibula :- Base of head
U/4 post surface of shaft
INSERTION : Calcaneous:- Tendon of gastorcnemus
fuses with tendon of soleus form tendon
achillis inserted on M/3 of posteior
surface of calcaneous
N/S : Tibial nerve S1/S2
ACTION : PLANOR FLEXION OF FOOT

24. PLANTARIS
ORIGIN : FEMUR : Lateral condyle
Oblique popliteal line
INSERTION : Calcaneous:- posteior surface of
calcaneum medial to TA
N/S : Tibial nerve S1/S2
ACTION : Plantar is rudimentary
Accessory to gastrocnemeus
Importance of

25. DEEP MUSCLES OF BACK OF LEG
. POPLITEUS
. FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
. FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
. TIBIALIS POSTERIOR

26. POPLITEUS
ORIGIN : Femur :- Lateral condyle
Lateral meniscus
INSERTION : Tibia :- post surface shaft
of tibia above
soleal line
N/S : Tibial nerve
ACTION : Unlocking of knee by lateral
rotations of femur on tibia
bigining of flexion

27. FlEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
ORIGIN : Fibula :- lower ¾ post surface
INSERTION : Distal phalynx of big toe
N/S : Tibial nerve
ACTION : Flexion of distal phalnx of
great toe

28. FLEXOR DIGITORIUM LONGUS
ORIGIN : Tibia :-U/3post surface below soleal line
INSERTION : Distal phalanx of 2nd -5th toe
Muscle divides into 4 tendons for lateral
4 toes
N/S : Tibial nerve
ACTOIN : Flexor of digital phalanx 2-5th toes
Plantar flexon of foot at ankle

29. TIBIALIS POSTERIOR
ORIGIN : Tibia :- u2/3 posterior surface below soleal line
Fibula :- Posterior surface of fibula
INSERTION : Tuberosity of navicular bone and tarsal bones
except talus
Insert extends to 2nd ,3rd,4th,MT at base
N/S : Tibial nerve
ACTION : Plantar flexion at ankle
Inversion at foot at subtalar joint
Maintains medial longitudinal arch

30. Muscles producing movements at hip
joint
Movement Chief muscles Accessory muscles
Flexion Psoas major and iliacus Pectinius,rectus femoris,and
sartorius,adductors(mainly
adductor longus )participate in
early stages
Extension Gluteus maximus and ----------------------------
Hamstrings
Adduction Adductor longus,brevis,magnus Pectinius and gracilis
Abduction Glutei medius and minimus Tensor fascia lata and sartorius
Medial rotation TFL,anterior fibres of G.Med,G.Min ------------------------------
Lateral rotation 2obturators,2gemelli,and quadratus Piriformis,gluteus maximus,
femoris sartorius

31. Muscles producing movement at knee
joint
Movement Principal muscles Accessory muscles
Flexion Biceps femoris Gracilis
Semitendinosus Sartorius
Semimembranosus Popliteus
Extension Quadriceps femoris TFL
Medial rotation Popliteus
Of flexed leg Semimembranosus Sartorius
Semitendinosus Gracilis
Lateral rotation Biceps femoris ------------------------
Of flexed leg

32. Muscles producing movements at
ankle joint
Movement Principal muscles Accesory muscles
Dorsiflexion Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Peroneus longus
Plantarflexion Gastrocnemius Plantaris
Soleus Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus

33. Muscles producing movement of
inversion and eversion
Movement Principal muscles Accesssory muscles
Inversion Tibialis anterior Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus
Eversion Peroneus longus Peroneus tertius
Peroneus brevis