Muscles of the Foot The foot has two surfaces The Dorsal Surface The tendons of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg are situated on theDorsal aspect of the foot Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Peroneus Tertius Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Anterior TibialArtery The Plantar Surface The Plantar Surface of the foot is also known as the sole of the foot It is covered in a layer of thick cornified skin that is nevertheless sensitive Under the skin is a layer of loculated subcutaneous fat There are four layers of intrinsic muscles that are present in the foot Four layers of Intrinsic Muscles 1st Layer 1st Layer Foot 1st Layer Foot 1st Layer Foot 2nd Layer Foot 2nd Layer Foot 3rd Layer Foot 3rd Layer Foot 3rd Layer Foot

3. THE FOOT HAS TWO
SURFACES
Plantar Surface
(sole of the foot)
Dorsal
Surface
(upper part of
the foot)

4. THE DORSAL
SURFACE

5. The tendons of the muscles
of the anterior compartment
of the leg are situated on the
Dorsal aspect of the foot

6. Tendon of
Tibialis Anterior
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

7. Tendons of Extensor
Digitorum Longus
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM
LONGUS

8. Tendon of
Peroneus Tertius
PERONEUS TERTIUS

9. Tendon of Extensor
Hallucis Longus
EXTENSOR HALLUCIS
LONGUS

10. Extensor Digitorum
Brevis
This is an intrinsic
muscle of foot (ie: it
originates and inserts
within the foot)

11. EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS
Extends the toes when
the foot is fully
dorsiflexed
Originates from the
superior surface of the
anterior calcaneum
Inserts via 4 tendons to
toes 1-4

12. The Dorsalis Pedis Artery
supplies the foot and is a
direct continuation of the
Anterior Tibial Artery
ARTERY
The pulse may be felt
between the medial and
lateral Malleoli
Dorsalis
Pedis Artery

13. THE PLANTAR
SURFACE

17. Under the subcutaneous fat
is a thick fascial layer that
covers all the muscles in
the foot – the Plantar
Aponeurosis or Plantar
Fascia

19. FOUR LAYERS OF INTRINSIC MUSCLES
1st Layer
•
•
•
Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Abductor Digiti Minimi
2nd Layer
•
•
•
•
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Flexor Digitorum
Longus Flexor
Accessorius Lumbricals
•
•
•
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Adductor Hallucis
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
4th Layer
•
•
Plantar Interossei
Dorsal Interossei
3rd Layer

20. 1ST LAYER
Consists of 3 muscles:
1. Abductor Digiti Minimi
2. Flexor Digitorum Brevis
3. Abductor Hallucis

21. Abductor Digiti Minimi
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve Supply
Blood Supply
Medial and lateral processes of
calcaneal tuberosity and
intervening plantar surface of
calcaneum. Plantar aponeurosis
Lateral side of base of proximal
phalanx of 5th toe and head of 5th
metatarsal
Flexes and abducts 5th toe
Supports lateral longitudinal arch
Lateral plantar nerve
Medial and lateral plantar
arteries
1ST LAYER FOOT

22. Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve Supply
Blood Supply
Medial process of
calcaneal tuberosity
Splits into four tendons that
insert onto the sides of the
shaft of the middle phalanx of
toes 2-5
Flexes toes 2-5, supports medial
arch
Medial plantar nerve
Medial and lateral plantar
arteries
1ST LAYER FOOT

23. Abductor Hallucis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve Supply
Blood Supply
Medial process of calcaneal
tuberosity, and flexor
retinaculum
Medial sesamoid and medial
aspect base of proximal phalanx
of big toe
Flexes and abducts big toe,
supports medial longitudinal arch
Medial plantar nerve
Medial and lateral plantar
arteries
1ST LAYER FOOT

24. 2nd Layer
Extrinsic Tendons:
1. Flexor Digitorum Longus tendons
2. Flexor Hallucis Longus tendon
Intrinsic muscles:
1. Lumbricals
2. Flexor Accessorius

25. 2nd Layer
Origin: Posterior surface of tibia
Insertion: Bases of distal
phalanges of digits 2-5
Action: MP and IP joints
Blood supply: Posterior tibial
artery
Nerve : Tibial nerve
Flexor Digitorum Longus tendons

26. 2nd Layer
Origin: Lower two-thirds of posterior
fibula.
Insertion: Plantar surface at the base
of the 1st distal phalanx.
Function: Flexes all the joints of the
great toe & stabilizes the first
metatarsal
Nerve: Branch of the tibial nerve
Artery: Peroneal artery
Flexor Hallucis Longus tendon

27. Lumbricals(4)
Origin
Insertion
Lateral 3 are bipennate between the
tendons of flexor digitorum longus.
Medial lumbrical is from the medial
aspect of the medial tendon of FDL
Dorsal extensor expansion - toes 2-5
Action
Nerve Supply
Blood Supply
Extends toes at IP joints and
flexes MTP joints
Medial and lateral plantar nerve
Medial and lateral plantar arteries
2ND LAYER FOOT

28. Flexor Accessorius
(Quadratus Plantae)
Origin
Insertion
Medial and lateral sides of
calcaneus
Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Action
Nerve Supply
Blood Supply
Assists flexor digitorum longus to
flex toes 2-5 when ankle joint is
plantarflexed
Lateral plantar nerve
Medial and lateral plantar arteries
2ND LAYER FOOT

29. Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Origin Base of the 5th metatarsal and
the sheath of peroneus longus
Insertion Lateral side of phalanx - 5th toe
Action Flexes MTP joint of 5th toe
Nerve Supply Lateral plantar nerve
Blood Supply Lateral plantar artery
3RD LAYER FOOT

30. Adductor Hallucis
Origin 2,3, 4 metatarsals,plantar
metatarsal ligament
Insertion base of proximal phalanx of
big toe
Action Adducts and flexes MTP
joint of big toe
Nerve Supply Lateral plantar nerve
Blood Supply Medial and lateral plantar
arteries
3RD LAYER FOOT

31. Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Origin Arises by medial and lateral
tendons from Meta tarsal
and tendon of tibialis posterior
Insertion Proximal phalanx of big toe
Action Flexes MTP joint of big toe
Nerve Supply Medial plantar nerve
Blood Supply Medial and lateral plantar
arteries
3RD LAYER FOOT

32. Plantar Interossei
Origin Shafts of metatarsals 3, 4, 5
Insertion
Proximal phalanges of toes
3, 4, 5
Action  Adducts 3, 4, 5 toes
 Assists lumbricals in
extending IP joints
 Flexing MTP joints
Nerve Supply Lateral plantar nerve
Blood Supply Lateral plantar artery
4TH LAYER FOOT

33. Dorsal Interossei
Origin 4 bipennate muscles from the
inner aspects of all 5
metatarsals
Insertion medial side of 2nd toe and
lateral side of toes 2, 3, 4,5
Action Abducts toes 2,3,4
Assists lumbricals in
extending IP joints while
flexing MTP joints
Nerve Supply Lateral plantar nerve
Blood Supply Lateral plantar artery
4TH LAYER FOOT