The femoral triangle is a wedge-shaped area located within the superomedial aspect of the anterior thigh. The femoral triangle is a hollow region located in the supero-medial part of the anterior thigh.
The femoral triangle is a wedge-shaped area located within the superomedial aspect of the anterior thigh. The femoral triangle is a hollow region located in the supero-medial part of the anterior thigh.
Anterior compartment of leg and Dorsum of foot CIMS
introduction about leg and four how we can differentiate , cutaneous innervation and in the contents like muscles with its blood supply nerve supply and finally will be appplied regarding topic
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Muscles of sole
1. Represented to: Dr Hina vaish (PT)
Represented by: Kritika singh
Session:2017-2018
Submitted on: 18/08/17
Muscles of sole
2. 1.Flexor digitorum brevis: (muscle lie deep to plantar aponeurosis
Origin- 1.medial tubercle of calcaneum.
2.plantar aponeurosis.
3.Medial and lateral intermuscular septa.
Insertion-The muscle ends in 4 tendons for the lateral four toes. Opposite
the end of proximal phalanx each tendon divides into 2 slips that are inserted
into the margins of the middle phalanx. The tendon of the FDL(for that digit)
passes through the gap between the two slips. NOTE that the insertion is
similar to that of FDS of hand.
Nerve supply- Medial plantar nerve.
Action- flexion of toe at proximal interphalangeal joints and
metatarsophalangeal joints.
Muscles of the first layer of the sole
3. 2.Abductor hallucis:(lie around
medial border of foot)
Origin- 1.Medial tubercle of calcaneum.
2.flexor retinaculum.
3.Deep fascia covering it.
4.medial intermuscular septum.
Insertion-the tendon fuses with the medial portion of the tendon of
FHB it is inserted into the medial side of the base of proximal
phalanx of the great toe
Nerve supply- Medial planter nerve.
Action- Abduction of great toe away from second toe.
4. 3.Abductor digiti minimi (lie around
lateral border of foot)
Origin-1.Medial & lateral tubercles of calcaneum.
2.Lateral intermuscular septum.
3.Deep fascia covering it.
Insertion-Tendon fuses with the tendon of the flexor digiti
minimi brevis. Inserted into lateral side of the base of
proximal phalanx of little toe
Nerve supply-Main trunk of lateral planter nerve.
Action-Abduction of little toe.
6. Muscle & tendon of 2nd layer of sole
1.FDL: (Muscle of calf)
Origin- From upper 2/3rd of medial part ofposterior surface of
tibia below soleal line.
Insertion-The muscle divides into 4 tendons. Each is inserted
into planter surface of distal phalanx of 2nd to 5th digits.
Nerve supply- Tibial nerve
Action- 1.Plantar flexion of lateral 4 toe.
2.Plantar flexion of ankle.
3.Maintain medial longitudinal arch.
7. 2.Flexor digitorum accessorius(it is so
called because it is accessory to flexor digitorum
longus)
Origin-arise by 2 heads
1.Medial head large & fleshy arise from medial
concave surface of calcaneum.
2.Lateral head small & tendinous arise from
calcaneum in front of lateral tubercle.
The 2 heads unite at an acute angle.
Insertion-Inserted into lateral side of tendon of FDL
Nerve supply- Main trunk of lateral planter nerve.
Action-1.Straightens the pull of the long flexor tendon.
2.Flexes the toe through long tendon.
8. 3.Lumbricals(4 in no. from medial to lateral side)
Origin-Arise from tendon of FDL.1st lumbrical is unipinnate and
other are bipinnate.1st lumbrical arise from medial side of 1st
tendon of FDL,2nd arise from adjacent side of 1st & 2nd tendon
of FDL,3rd arise from adjacent sides of 2ns & 3rd tendon of
FDL,4th arise from adjacent side of 3rd & 4th tendon of FDL.
Insertion-Their tendons pass forwards on the medial side of
the metatarsophalangeal joints of the lateral 4 toes, & then
dorsally for insertion into the extensor expansion.
Nerve supply-1st muscle by medial plantar nerve & other 3
by deep branch of lateral planter nerve.
Action-Maintain extension of the digits at interphalangeal joint
so that in walking ar running toes do not buckle under.
9. 4.Flexor hallucis longus(muscle of calf)
Origin-Lower 3/4th of posterior surface of fibul except
lowest 2.5cm & adjoining interosseous membrane.
Insertion- Plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of
the great toe.
Nerve supply-Tibial nerve.
Action-1. Planter flexor of the big toe.
2.Plantar flexor of ankle joint.
3.Maintain medial longitudinal arch.
11. Muscles of 3rd layer of sole
1.FHB(Flexor hallucis brevis)
Origin-It arises by Y-shaped tendon.
1.Lateral limb from medial part of plantar surface of cuboid bone
,behind groove of peroneous longus & from adjacent side of the lateral
cuniform bone.
2.Medial limb is a direct continuation of the tendon of tibialis posterior
into the foot.
Insertion-muscle splits into medial and lateral parts each of which ends in a
tendon. Each tendon inserted into corresponding side of the base of
proximal phalanx of the great toe.
Nerve supply-Medial planter nerve.
Action- Flexes proximal phalanx at metatarsophalangeal jointof great toe.
12. 2.Adductor hallucis
Origin-Arise by 2 heads
1.Oblique head large, & arises from base of the 2nd ,3rd,&
4th metatarsals, from the sheath of the tendon ofperoneus
longus.
2.Transverse head small, & arises from deep metatarsals
ligament, & plantar ligaments of the metatarsophalangeal joint
of 3rd ,4th & 5th toe.
Insertion-On the lateral side of the base of the proximal
phalanx of big toe,in common with the lateral tendon of the
FHB.
Nerve supply- Deep branch of lateral planter nerve, which
terminates in this muscle.
Action-1.Adductor of great toe towards the 2nd toe.
2.Maintains transverse arch of the foot.
13. 3.Flexor digiti minimi brevis(lie
around 5th metatarsal)
Origin-1.Base of the 5th metatarsal bone.
2. Sheath of the tendon of peroneous longus.
Insertion-Into lateral side of base of proximal phalanx
of little toe.
Nerve supply- Superficial branch of lateral planter
nerve.
Action- Flexes the proximal phalanx at the
metatarsophalangeal joint of the little toe.
15. Muscle of 4th layer of sole
1.Plantar interossei (tendon pass on medial side of
3rd 4th , & 5th toe)
Origin-Base of medial side of 3rd, 4th, 5th metatarsals.
Insertion- Medial side of base of proximal phalanges & dorsal
digital/extensor expansion of 3rd ,4th , 5th toe
Nerve supply- 1st & 2nd by lateral plantar(deep branch)
3rd by lateral plantar(superficial branch)
Action-1.Adductors of 3rd,4th &5th toe towards the axis.
2.Flexors of metatarsophalangeal joint.
3. Extensors of interphalangeal joints of 3rd , 4th & 5th
toe.
16. 2.Dorsal interossei(4 bellies, unipinnate, fill up
gap between metatarsal)
Origin-Adjacent side of metatarsal bones.
Insertion-Bases of proximal phalanges & dorsal digital
expansion of toes;1st on medial side of 2nd toe;2nd on
lateral side of 2nd toe;3rd on lateral side of 3rd toe;4th on
lateral side of 4th toe
Nerve supply- 1st , 2nd, 3rd by lateral plantar (deep
branch) 4th by superficial branch of lateral plantar.
Action- 1.Abductors of toes from axis of 2nd toe
2.1st & 2nd cause medial and lateral abduction of
2nd toe, 3rd & 4th for abduction of 3rd & 4th toe.
17. 3. Tibialis posterior
Origin- posterior surface of leg bone.
Insertion- tuberosity of navicular.
Nerve supply-Tibial nerve
Action- Plantar flexor of ankle
18. 4. Peroneus longus
Origin-Upper part of lateral surface of fibula.
Insertion- Base of 1st metatarsal.
Nerve supply- Superficial peroneal nerve
Action- Evertor of foot.
21. CLINICAL ANATOMY
Fracture of shaft of 2nd , 3rd, 4th metatarsal bones is called
MARCH FRACTURE. It is seen in army personnel,
policemen as they have to march a lot. It occurs due to
decalcification and vascular necrosis.
Normal architecture of foot is subjected to insults due to
HIGH HEELS. Female looks taller, smarter but may suffer
from sprains and dislocations of the ankle joint.
Longitudinal arch are exaggerted leading to pes cavus
If foot is dorsiflexed, person walks on heel this is talipes
calcaneus.
22. •If foot is plantar flexed
person ,person walkes
on toe this is talipes
equinus
•If medial border of foot
is raised person walk on
lateral border of foot this
is talipes varus.
•If lateral border of foot is
raised, person walkes on
medial border of foot the
condition is called talipes
valgus.
•Most common is talipes
equinovarus in which
heel is medial, foot is
plantar flexed and
inverted with high medial
longitudinal arch.
