This document discusses developmental research designs, which examine phenomena with reference to time. It describes two main types: cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs. Cross-sectional design involves collecting data at a single point in time, while longitudinal design collects data over an extended period. Longitudinal design is further divided into trend studies, panel studies, and follow-up studies. Trend studies investigate changes in a population sample over time, while panel studies follow the same individuals over multiple time periods. Follow-up studies determine subsequent conditions of subjects with a prior condition or intervention.

1. DEVELOPMENTAL
RESEARCH DESIGN
DR. MAHESWARI JAIKUMAR
maheswarijaikumar2103@gmail.com

2. • Developmental research designs
examines the phenomenon with
reference to time.
• This design is generally used as
adjunct research designs with other
research designs such as cross-
sectional-descriptive, longitudinal-
correlational research design.

3. TYPES
• 1. CROSS-SECTIONAL RESEARCH
DESIGN.
• 2. LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH
DESIGN.

4. CROSS-SECTIONAL RESEARCH
DESIGN
• Cross-sectional research designs
is the one in which the
researcher collects data at a
particular point of time.(one
time data collection).

5. • Cross-sectional design is easier
and convenient to carry out.

6. LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH
DESIGN
• Longitudinal research designs is
used to collect data over a
period of time. (long time study)

7. • The value of the longitudinal
design is in its ability to
demonstrate change over a
period of time.
• Longitudinal studies are
classified into three types :
TREND STUDIES, PANEL STUDIES,
FOLLOW-UP STUDIES.

8. TREND STUDIES
• Trend studies aims at
investigating a sample from a
general population over a time
with respect to some
phenomenon.

9. • Trend studies permit researchers
to examine pattern and rate of
changes and to make prediction
about future direction based on
previously identified patterns
and rates of changes.

10. PANEL STUDIES
• A sample of people involves in
the study are referred to as a
panel.

11. • In panel studies, same people are
involved and over a period of time
because they become more
informative on the phenomenon
than the subjects in trend studies
because ue the researcher cannot
only examine the patterns of
change, but also reasons for
change.

12. • The same selected people are
contacted for two or more times
to collect further data.

13. FOLLOW - UP STUDIES
• Follow-up studies are
undertaken to determine the
subsequent states of subjects
with a specified condition or
those who have received a
specific intervention.

14. THANK YOU