This document discusses one time and longitudinal research. One time research involves studying a sample at a single point in time, such as population surveys. Longitudinal research studies the same sample at multiple points over an extended period. It allows observation of changes in individuals or groups. Cross-sectional studies collect data from a population sample once, while longitudinal studies revisit the same sample multiple times, making longitudinal research better for understanding causation. The document also defines descriptive research and different types of longitudinal research designs like cohort and panel studies.
Research Methods vs Research MethodologySundar B N
This ppt elaborate Research Methods vs Research Methodology which covers Research Methods Versus Methodology, Research Methods, Research Methodology, Difference Between Research Methods and Methodology.
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RESEARCH DESIGN , Sampling Designs , Dependent and Independent Variables, Extraneous Variables, Hypothesis, Exploratory Research Design, Descriptive and Diagnostic Research
In this all about the descriptive and analytical research...you can find the definitions and explanations from this document.... I am uploading this document for the other students who face the problems to find data about th descriptive and analytical research.... i hope you can get this data of research easily...thanks
Formulation of Research Problem - Meaning, Definition, Components, Techniques...Sundar B N
This ppt covers the Formulation of Research Problem in that many sub themes are covered.
What is a Research Problem
Definition of Research Problem
Problems May Arise from
Characteristics of Good Research Problem
Components of Research Problem
Criteria for Selecting a Research Problem
Importance of formulating a research problem
Technique Involved in Defining a Problem
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Research Methods vs Research MethodologySundar B N
This ppt elaborate Research Methods vs Research Methodology which covers Research Methods Versus Methodology, Research Methods, Research Methodology, Difference Between Research Methods and Methodology.
Subscribe to Vision Academy for Video assistance
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
RESEARCH DESIGN , Sampling Designs , Dependent and Independent Variables, Extraneous Variables, Hypothesis, Exploratory Research Design, Descriptive and Diagnostic Research
In this all about the descriptive and analytical research...you can find the definitions and explanations from this document.... I am uploading this document for the other students who face the problems to find data about th descriptive and analytical research.... i hope you can get this data of research easily...thanks
Formulation of Research Problem - Meaning, Definition, Components, Techniques...Sundar B N
This ppt covers the Formulation of Research Problem in that many sub themes are covered.
What is a Research Problem
Definition of Research Problem
Problems May Arise from
Characteristics of Good Research Problem
Components of Research Problem
Criteria for Selecting a Research Problem
Importance of formulating a research problem
Technique Involved in Defining a Problem
Subscribe to Vision Academy
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
The formulation of a research problem is the most crucial part of the research journey as the quality and relevance of your research project entirely depends upon it.
The process of formulating a research problem consists of a number of steps. Working through these steps presupposes a reasonable level of knowledge in the broad subject area within which the study is to be undertaken and the research methodology itself.
Research is the systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that may lead to the development of generalizations, principles, or theories, resulting in prediction and possible control of events .
Exploratory Research Design - Meaning and MethodsSundar B N
This ppt contains Exploratory Research Design which covers Introduction to Exploratory Research, Meaning of Exploratory Research, Techniques of Exploratory Research, Examples of Exploratory Research, Methods of Designing Exploratory Research
Inductive and Deductive Approach to Research. Difference between Inductive an...Rohan Byanjankar
What is inductive and Deductive Approach to Research? The difference between Inductive and Deductive Reasoning to Research with clear example, figure and some major differences between them.
Nature of research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin Joymanumelwin
Research is a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic.
Generally, research has to follow a certain structural process.
MEANING OF RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH
QUALITIES OF GOOD RESEARCH
RESEARCH MOTIVATIONS
TYPES OF RESEARCH
PROBLEMS IN RESEARCH
RESEARCH APPROACHES
RESEARCH PROCESS
LITERATURE REVIEW
HYPOTHESIS
CRITERIA OF GOOD RESEARCH
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY RESEARCHER
The formulation of a research problem is the most crucial part of the research journey as the quality and relevance of your research project entirely depends upon it.
The process of formulating a research problem consists of a number of steps. Working through these steps presupposes a reasonable level of knowledge in the broad subject area within which the study is to be undertaken and the research methodology itself.
Research is the systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that may lead to the development of generalizations, principles, or theories, resulting in prediction and possible control of events .
Exploratory Research Design - Meaning and MethodsSundar B N
This ppt contains Exploratory Research Design which covers Introduction to Exploratory Research, Meaning of Exploratory Research, Techniques of Exploratory Research, Examples of Exploratory Research, Methods of Designing Exploratory Research
Inductive and Deductive Approach to Research. Difference between Inductive an...Rohan Byanjankar
What is inductive and Deductive Approach to Research? The difference between Inductive and Deductive Reasoning to Research with clear example, figure and some major differences between them.
Nature of research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin Joymanumelwin
Research is a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic.
Generally, research has to follow a certain structural process.
MEANING OF RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH
QUALITIES OF GOOD RESEARCH
RESEARCH MOTIVATIONS
TYPES OF RESEARCH
PROBLEMS IN RESEARCH
RESEARCH APPROACHES
RESEARCH PROCESS
LITERATURE REVIEW
HYPOTHESIS
CRITERIA OF GOOD RESEARCH
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY RESEARCHER
Topic: Classification of research
Student Name: Reena
Class: M.Ed.
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
How to Research
Everybody who want to write research papers , articles , review paper are need to learn some rules for it . These slides will help them alot.
Episode 14 : Research Methodology ( Part 4 )
Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners
by Ranjith Kumar
The Research Methods Knowledge Base by William Trochim
UNIT 1:
[1] Overview of Research Methodologies
1.1: Need for research
1.2: Concepts of research and its methodologies
1.3: Classifications of research
1.4: Sequences in conducting research
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
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One time research and longitudinal research
1. ONE TIME RESEARCH AND
LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH
BY,
A. POOJA SHUKLA
M. Tech (NANO)
1821310006
2. Research is an ORGANIZED
and SYSTEMATIC way of
FINDING ANSWERS to
QUESTIONS.
WHAT IS RESEARCH…??
3. Research must be systematic and follow a series of
steps and a rigid standard protocol.
These rules are broadly similar but may vary
slightly between the different fields of science.
DEFINING RESEARCH
5. o Purpose of gaining knowledge
o It advanced understanding about social world
o Help in supporting & rejecting existing hypothesis &
theories
BASIC OF RESEARCH
6. • Descriptive research is undertaken to provide answers to
questions of who, what, where, when, and how – but not
why.
• Two basic classifications:
• Cross-sectional studies
• Longitudinal studies
RESEARCH DESIGN –
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
7. One time research is a kind of research that is carried
out over a single time period.
e.g. Population Researches
ONE TIME RESEARCH
8. • Cross-sectional studies measure units from a sample
of the population at only one point in time.
• Sample surveys are cross-sectional studies whose samples
are drawn in such a way as to be representative of a
specific population.
• On-line survey research is being used to collect data for
cross-sectional surveys at a faster rate of speed.
CROSS – SECTIONAL RESEARCH
9. Cross-sectional surveys can thus be contrasted with panel
surveys, for which the individual respondents are followed over
time.
Cross-sectional surveys can be conducted using any mode of data
collection, including telephone interviews, face-to-face
interviews, mailed questionnaires.
CROSS – SECTIONAL RESEARCH
10. Takes place at a single point in time
Does not involve manipulating variables
Allows researchers to look at numerous things at once (age,
income, gender)
Often used to look at the prevalence of something in a given
population
DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS
11. It involves study of sample at more than one point in
time or occasion.
e.g. Trend studies, Panel studies
LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH
12. • Longitudinal studies repeatedly draw sample units of a
population over time.
• One method is to draw different units from the same
sampling frame.
• A second method is to use a “panel” where the same
people are asked to respond periodically.
• On-line survey research firms recruit panel members to
respond to online queries.
LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH
13. • Longitudinal data used for:
• Market tracking
• Brand-switching
• Attitude and image checks
LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH
14. Longitudinal Study - Any social or developmental research
involving collection of data from the same individuals (or
groups) across time.
Observing change in these individuals gives a better basis
for causal inference than a cross-sectional study, because of
the temporal sequencing involved. In this sense the
longitudinal study is a form of „quasi-experimental design‟.
LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH
16. COHORT RESEARCH
Cohort studies, defined as a group experiencing
some event in a selected time period, and studying
them at intervals through time.
17. PANEL RESEARCH
It is also called as CROSS
– SECTIONAL RESEARCH
It involves study of many
cases at one point in time or
occasion
Taken at regular intervals
18. • Two types of panels:
• Continuous panels ask panel members the same
questions on each panel measurement.
• Discontinuous (Omnibus) panels vary questions
from one time to the next
PANEL RESEARCH
19. ADVANTAGES
Ideas and data available
Lot of observations available
Lot of results available
Research is made easy to study and
understand
