this presentation is precisely about how does a hydroelectric powerplant works? and what are its components.

1. MADE BY
Hira Farooq
Hussan Ara Sheikh
Javeria Manahil
Samavia Razzaq

2. •Worldwide, hydropower produces 24% of
world’s electricity, supplying 1 billion people
with electricity.
•675,000 megawatts of electricity is
produces by water.
•It is produced in 150 countries, with Asia-
Pacific region producing 32 percent of global
hydropower in 2010.
•China is the largest producer, with 721
terawatt hours of production in 2010.

3. HYDROELECTRIC POWER AND
WORKING PRINCIPLE
 It is the power generated by water, using its
gravitational force when it is flowing or falling.
 Water is moved from a higher elevation point to a
lower elevation point through a large pipe.
 At the end, there is a turbine and the water spins it,
which moves the shaft, that moves the generator,
making electricity.
 This is how the plant changes the potential energy
of standing water to kinetic energy by moving it,
then converting it into mechanical energy which
produces electric energy.

4. IMPORTANCE OF HYDROLOGIC
CYCLE
As the plant depends on the water
flow, it indirectly depends on
hydrologic cycle.
If there is no rain, no water will
collect upstream, less water flows
through and less electricity is
generated.

5. COST AND MAINTENENCE
Costs for different plants vary, a
typical 5kW scheme suitable for a
plant costs about 25,000 pounds.
Once installed, plants can last 40-50
years with low maintenance and
running cost.

6. COMPONENTS OF A
BASIC
HYDROELECTRIC
POWER PLANT

7. COMPONENTS:
Hydroelectric power plant requires various
components for generating electrical power.
Some of the major components in hydroelectric
power plants are:
 RESERVOIR AND DAM
 INLET GATES
 FOREBAY
 PENSTOCK
 TURBINE AND GENERATOR

8. DAM
The dam is the most important
component of hydroelectric power
plant. The dam is built on a large
river that has abundant quantity
of water throughout the year.
It should be built at a location where
the height of the river is sufficient
to get the maximum possible potential energy from water.

9. WATER RESERVIOR
The water reservoir is
the place behind the dam
where water is stored.
The water in the reservoir
is located higher than the
rest of the dam structure.

10. INLET GATES
Intake or control gates are
the gates built on the inside
of the dam. The water from
reservoir is released and
controlled through these
gates.

11. FOREBAY
The water from the
reservoir is drawn
by the forebay
through an open
canal or tunnel.

12. PENSTOCK
The penstock is the long pipe or
the shaft that carries the water
flowing from the reservoir
towards the power generation
unit The water in the penstock
possesses kinetic energy due to
its motion and potential energy due to its height.

13. WATER TURBINES
Water flowing from the penstock
is allowed to enter the power
generation unit, which houses the
turbine and the generator. When
water falls on the blades of the
turbine the kinetic and potential
energy of water is converted into
the rotational motion of the blades of the turbine.

14. GENERATOR
Water flowing from the penstock
is allowed to enter the power
generation unit, which houses the
turbine and the generator. When
water falls on the blades of the
turbine the kinetic and potential
energy of water is converted into
the rotational motion of the blades of the turbine.

16. TYPES OF
HYDROPOWER
PLANTS

17. TYPES
There are three main types of hydro power plants:
DIVERSION
IMPOUNDMENT
PUMPED STORAGE

18. DIVERSIONA diversion, sometimes called run-of-river, facility
channels a portion of a river through a canal or
penstock. It may not require the use of a dam.

19. IMPOUNDMENT
These power plants have the storage
supplied with water from large reservoir
that has been developed by constructing
dams across rivers.
Water released from the reservoir flows
through a turbine, spinning it, which in
turn activates a generator to produce
electricity

21. PUMPED STORAGE
These plants utilize the flow of water from a
reservoir of high potential to a reservoir of
low potential.
When the demand for electricity is low, a
pumped storage facility stores energy by
pumping water from a lower reservoir to an
upper reservoir. During periods of high
electrical demand, the water is released back
to the lower reservoir to generate electricity.

23. PUMPED STORAGE HYDRO
ELECTRICITY
It is a style of hydroelectric energy
used by electric power systems for
load balancing. The method stores
energy in the form of gravitational
potential energy of water, pumped
from slower elevation reservoir to
higher reservoir.

24. PRINCIPLE
In a pump storage plant, pump turbines
transfer water to a high storage
reservoir during off-peak hours. The
stored water can later be used to
generate electricity to cover
temporary peaks in demand from
consumer or unplanned outages at
other power plant.

26. ENERGY FOR PUMPING
WATER
The energy used for pumping the water
comes from other energy sources
including nuclear, fossil and intermittent
renewable that are less efficient to
adapt to load fluctuations. Thus, these
plants suffer from economical
disadvantage as they require a dual
conversion of energy.

27. THANK YOU FOR YOUR
PATIENCE!