This document provides an overview of hydroelectric power plants, including their definition, main components, and types. It discusses the three types of hydroelectric power stations: impoundment, diversion, and pump storage. The key components of a hydroelectric dam station are the dam, water reservoir, control gates, penstock, water turbine, and generator. It also briefly explains how hydroelectric stations work and lists some advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric power.

2. Hydroelectric
power plant

3. Content overview
• Definition of hydro electric power.
• Types of hydroelectric power plant stations .
• Components of hydro electric dam station .
• Types of turbine in hydroelectric power plant.
• How the hydroelectric power dam station works .
• Advantages and disadvantages of hydro electric power
plant .

4. Definition of hydroelectric
power plant
A form of energy generated by the conversion of
free-falling water to electricity; the generation of
electricity by using the motive power of water; called
hydroelectricity.

5. Types of hydroelectric power
stations
Impoundment
Diversion Pump storage

6. Impoundment type

7. Diversion

8. Pump storage type

9. Components of hydroelectric
station
• Dam
• Water reservoir
• Penstock
• Water turbine
• Control gate
• Generator

10. The Dam
Is the most important component of hydroelectric
power plant. The dam is built on a large river that has
abundant quantity of water throughout the year. It
should be built at a location where the height of the
river is sufficient to get the maximum possible
potential energy from water .

11. Water reservoir
Is the place behind the dam where water is stored.
The water in the reservoir is located higher than the
rest of the dam structure. The height of water in the
reservoir decides how much potential energy the
water possesses.

12. Control gate
These are the gates built on the inside of the dam.
The water from reservoir is released and controlled
through these gates. These are called inlet gates
because water enters the power generation unit
through these gates. When the control gates are
opened the water flows due to gravity through the
penstock and towards the turbine .

13. Penstock
Is the long pipe or the shaft that carries the water
flowing from the reservoir towards the power
generation unit, comprised of the turbines and
generator. The water in the penstock possesses kinetic
energy due to its motion and potential energy due to
its height.

14. Water turbine
The turbine has a rotary device, run by liquid or
moving gas, such as Water, steam, gas and air. The
turbine changes kinetic energy Liquid to a special
kind of kinetic energy which is the energy of rotation
used for moving machines. The turbine connects the
mechanical energy to the machines The other rotor is
rotated through rotation .

15. Types of water turbine

16. Generator
Is a mechanical device that converts kinetic energy
into electrical energy with a magnetic field. The
electric generator acts on the principle of
electromagnetic induction, which is the basis of
generating the inductive current .

17. How the station works

18. Different sizes of stations
• Large scale: 2MW and above
• Mini: 100kW to 2MW
• Micro: 5kW to 100kW
• Pico: less than 5kW

19. Advantages
and
disadvantages