This document discusses the effects of saline water on agriculture in Pakistan. It defines saline water as water with a high concentration of dissolved salts that poses risks to crop growth and yield. In Pakistan, about 6.3 million hectares of land are affected by salt, which can crystallize on the surface and harm crops. The document recommends growing salt-tolerant crops or crops that absorb more salt to manage saline irrigation water and minimize its negative impacts on agriculture. It concludes that saline water cannot be avoided, so salt-tolerant plants should be cultivated in affected areas.

1. SALINE WATER
EFFECTS ON
AGRICULTURE
MADE BY:
HUSSAN ARA

2. INTRODUCTION:
This research work is based upon the
effects of saline water on crop
production either positive or negative ,
the measures which can be taken to
minimize the effects and the alternative
crops which can be used .

3. WHEN THE WATER IS CALLED AS
SALTY WATER?
Water is classified as "saline" when it becomes a
risk for growth and yield of crops. Saline water
has a relatively high concentration of dissolved
salts (cations and anions). Salt is not just "salt"
as we know it - sodium chloride (NaCl) - but can
be dissolved calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+),
sulfate (SO4
2-), bicarbonate (HCO3
-), Boron (B),
and other compounds.

4. WHAT DOES SALTY WATER DO TO
CROPS?
Excess soluble salts often
crystallize on the surface of
fallow fields, while thin,
patchy salt crusts will form
under clods or on the shady
side of clods where marginal
salt problems are found.

5. MAJOR CROPS OF PAKISTAN:

6. AFFECTS OF SALINE WATER IN
PAKISTAN
• In Pakistan, about 6.30 million hectares of
land out of total 80.0 million hectares are salt-
affected among which 1.89 hectare is saline
while others are permeable, impermeable and
sodic.
• It is estimated that out of 1.89 million
hectares saline patches, 0.45 million hectares
present in Punjab, 0.94 million hectares in Sindh
and 0.5 million hectares in NWFP.

7. SALT WATER MANAGEMENT
• Where the fields are irrigated by saline water, salt
tolerant crops should be grown.
• Or those plants should be used which take up
more amounts of salt comparatively.
• This will lessen the salt water seepage due to
infiltration.
• This will also save the crops from destruction.

8. CROPS WHICH SHOULD BE GROWN
IN SALINE WATER
Highly salt tolerant species Salt tolerant species Salt sensitive species
Tamarix aphylla
( Athel pine)
Acacia nilotica
(Babul/Kikar)
Zizyphis mouritiana
(Chinee Apple)
Euclyptus. Moluccana
(Grey box)
Melaleuca leucadendra
(Cajeput Tree)
Dilbergia sissoo
( Indian Rosewood)
Acacia ampliceps Albizzia lebbek
(Flea Tree)
E. Camaldulensis
( River Red gum)
E. camaldulensis

9. CONCLUSION:
Salinity is a big problem about 20% of the
world’s irrigated lands are affected by
excess salts in water which is given to the
fields. Since the saline water and affects of
salinity can not be avoided so salt tolerant
plants and plants which take up more salts
should be grown in those areas to avoid the
devastating affects of saline water.

10. THANK
YOU!