3. SULFADIAZINE
DOSE:0.5g QID TO 2g TDS
ORAL TABLETS
It is a short acting sulfonamide
Sulfadiazine is an antibiotic ,used together with pyrimethamine,a dihydrofolate
reductase inhibitor
It eliminates bacteria that cause infections by stopping the production of folate inside
the bacterial cell, and is commonly used to treat urinary tract infections and burns.
It should not be used in people who have severe liver problems, kidney problems,
or porphyria
Mechanism of action
Sulfadiazine works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase.
4. BRAND NAME USES SIDE EFFECTS
1. LANTRISUL
2. NEOTRIZINE
3. SULFOSE
4. TERFONYL
5. TRIPLE SULFAS
6. SULFONAMIDES DUPLEX
1. CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS
2. CHANCORID
3. TOXOPLASMA GONDII
ENCEPALITIS
4. CYTOISOPORIASIS
1. NAUSEA
2. LOSS OF APPETITE
3. DIZZINESS
4. GASTROINTESTINAL UPSET
5. RASH AND FEVER
METABOLISM :LIVER BY ACETYLATION
EXCRETION : THROUGH URINE (CRYSTALLURIA)
5. SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
DOSE: 1g BD FOR 2 DAYS ;0.5g BD
ORAL TABLET
It is a intermediate acting sulfonamide
It is effective against both gram negative and positive bacteria
It is now mostly used in combination with trimethoprim
Mechanism of action
It prevents folic acid synthesis in the bacteria that must
synthesize their own folic acid
6. BRAND NAME USES SIDE EFFECTS
1. BACTRIM
2. SEPTRA
3. SULFATRIM
4. SULFATRIM PEDIATRIC
1. OTITIS MEDIA
2. BROCHITIS
3. TRAVELERS DIARRHEA
4. SHIGELLOSIS (BACILLARY
DYSENTERY)
1. URTICARIA
2. VOMITING
3. NAUSEA
RARE INSTANCES
1. STEVENS JOHSON SYNDROME
2. TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS
METABOLISM : LIVER BY ACETYLATION
EXCRETION: THROUGH URINE . ACETYLATED FRACTION OF SULFAMETXAZOLE IS RELATIVELY INSOLUABLE
7. SULFADOXINE , SULFAMETHOPYRAZINE
DOSE:1 TABLET EVERY 7 DAYS
ORAL TABLET
It is a long acting sulfonamide
It is used in combination with pyrimethamine to treat malaria
due to high levels of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance, this
use has become less common.
Mechanism of action
Sulfadoxine competitively inhibits dihydropteroate synthase,
interfering with folate synthesis
8. BRAND NAME USES SIDE EFFECTS
1. FANSIDAR 1. MALARIA
2. ACUTE UNCOMPLICATED
MALARIA CAUSED BY
PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM
3. PLASMODIUM INFECTIONS
4. TOXOPLASMOSIS
1. MUSCLE WEAKNESS
2. BLOOD IN URINE OR STOOLS
9. SULFACETAMIDE SODIUM
DOSE:10%,20% AND 30% EYE DROPS
It is a special purpose sulfonamide
Used topically for ocular bacterial infections
Incidence of sensitivity reaction with ocular use has been low but it must
be promptly stopped when they occur
Sodium sulfacetamide is a sulfonamide-type antibacterial agent
Mechanism of action
inhibition of bacterial dihydropteroate synthetase
11. SILVER SULFADIAZIONE
DOSE:1% CREAM
It is a special purpose sulfonamide
It acts against large number of bacteria and fungi even those resistance to
other sulfonamides
Slow releases silver ions which appears to be largely responsible for the
antimicrobial action
Mechanism of action
disrupts the bacteria by damaging the cell membrane and cell
wall
12. BRAND NAME USES SIDE EFFECTS
1. Silvadene
2. Thermazene
3. SSD cream
1. Bacterial and fungal infection
2. Perventing infections of burnt
surfaces and chronic ulcers(skin)
1. Burning sensation
2. itching