This document summarizes the key details about two plants: Datura and Ashwagandha. It describes their scientific classification, biological source, geographical source, macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, chemical constituents and tests. Datura contains tropane alkaloids like hyoscine and atropine. It is used medicinally as a parasympatholytic and for conditions like asthma. Ashwagandha contains steroidal alkaloids and lactones, with withanine as the main constituent. It has sedative, hypotensive and stimulant properties and is traditionally used to treat rheumatism, gout and skin diseases.

1. PREPARED BY
SHUBHI SAXENA
(5TH
SEM,3RD
YEAR)

2. DATURA
(tropane alkaloid)

3. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
• KINGDOM- PLANTAE
• PHYLUM- ANGIOSPERMAE
• CLASS- EUDICOTS
• SUB-CLASS- ASTERIDS
• ORDER- SOLANALES
• FAMILY-SOLANACEAE
• GENUS-Datura
• SPECIES-metel
• VARIETY-fastuosa

4. BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:
DATURA CONSISITS OF THE DRIED LEAVES AND
FLOWERING TOPS OF Datura metel, BELONGING
TO FAMILY SOLANACEAE.
GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCE:
INDIA, ENGLAND,AND OTHER TROPICAL AND
SUBTROPICAL REGIONS
MACROSCOPIC CHARACTERS:
COLOUR: FLOWERS ARE REDDISH-PURPLE ON
OUTER SIDE AND WHITISH ON INNER SIDE.
ODOUR: CHARACTERISTIC BUT UNPLEASANT
TASTE: BITTER

5. SIZE: ENTIRE LEAF IS 9-18 cm,AND WIDTH IS 8-
13 cm
SHAPE: FLOWERS ARE FUNNEL SHAPEDWITH
PEDICEL WHICH IS NEVER ERECT.

6. MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERS

7. • LEAF IS DORSIVENTRAL( having dissimilar dorsal
and ventral surfaces)
• CELLS ARE COVERED WITH THIN CUTICLE AND
GLANDULAR & NON-GLANDULAR SIMPLE
TRICHOMES.
• 40% OF LAMINA IS OCCUPIED BY SINGLE LAYER
OF PALISADE CELLS.
• 6-8 LAYERS OF SPONGY PARENCHYMA.
• MIDRIB SHOWS VASCULAR TISSUE WITH
PROTOXYLEM AND METAXYLEM.
• TRICHOMES MORE ON MIDRIB.
• SPONGY PARENCHYMA CONTAINS CALCIUM
OXALATE CRYSTALS.

8. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENT
DATURA CONTAINS UPTO 0.5% OF TOTAL ALKALOIDS,
AMONG WHICH HYOSCINE(SCOPOLAMINE) IS MAIN
ALKALOID, WHILE l-HYOSCYAMINE(SCOPOLINE) AND
ATROPINE ARE PRESENT IN VERY LESS QUANTITY.

9. CHEMICAL TEST
VITALI-MORIN REACTION
Tropane alkaloid(1 µg)+ Fuming HNO3 ---->evaporate to
dryness----> add methanolic KOH sol. to an acetone
sol. of nitrated residue---->VIOLET COLOURATION
seen due to tropane alkaloid.
OTHER TEST
AgNO3 sol.+ sol. of hyoscine hydrobromide----> yellowish
white ppt formed...which is insoluble in in HNO3 soluble
in dilute NH3

10. USES
• Hyoscine(a.c of datura) is parasympatholytic
with anticholinergic and CNS depressant
effects.
• Used in cerebral excitement
• Along with morphine it is used in preoperative
medications.
• Used in treatment of asthma and cough.
• Hyoscine and hyoscinebromide is used in
motion sickness,gastric or duodenal ulcers.

12. ASHWAGANDHA
(steroidal alkaloid)

13. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
• KINGDOM- PLANTAE
• PHYLUM- ANGIOSPERMAE
• CLASS- EUDICOTS
• SUB-CLASS- ASTERIDS
• ORDER- SOLANALES
• FAMILY-SOLANACEAE
• GENUS-WITHANIA
• SPECIES-W.somnifera

14. BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:
IT CONSISTS OF DRIED ROOTS AND STEM
BASESOF WITHANA SOMNIFERA, BELONGING
TO FAMILY SOLANACEAE .
GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCE:
MADHYA PRADESH, UTTAR PRADESH,PUNJAB
PLAINS & N-W INDIA LIKE GUJARAT,
RAJASTHAN.
MACROSCOPIC CHARACTERS:
COLOUR: ROOTS ARE BUFF TO GREY YELLOW
ODOUR: FRESH ROOTS SMELL SIMILAR TO
URINE OF HORSES(hence "ashwagandha")
TASTE: BITTER

15. SHAPE: ROOT CROWN POSSES A NUMBER OF
SCARS.

16. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
MAIN COSTIUENT ARE ALKALOID AND STEROIDAL
LACTONES. AMONG ALKALOID WITHANINE IS THE
MAIN CONSTITUENT. LEAVES CONTAIN
STEROIDAL LACTONES CALLED WITHANOLIDES.
WITHANOLIDES HAVE C28 STEROIDAL NUCLEUS
WITH C9SIDE CHAIN, HAVING LACTONE RING.

17. ANAFERINE
Dl-isopelletierine

19. WITHAFERIN

20. CHEMICAL TEST
Extract dissolved in dil. HCl. Then filtered,
• MAYER'S TEST:
Filtrate+Mayer reagent--->cream/yellow ppt
• DRAGENDROFF'S TEST:
Filtrate+Dragendroff reagent--->red/reddish-brown ppt
• WAGNER'S TEST:
Filtrate+Wagner reagent--->reddish-brown ppt
• HAGER'S TEST:
Filtrate+Hager reagent--->yellow ppt

21. USES
• Sedative & Hypnotic
• It has hypotensive,
respiratory,stimulant actions along with
bradycardia(
• Traditionally used in treatment of
rheumatism ,gout ,hypertension ,nervine
& skin diseases.

23. THANK YOU