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Characteristics Of A Good Evaluation
एक अच्छे मूल्यांकन की विशेषतयएां
By
Dr. Abhishek Srivastava
Basic features or characteristics of a good evaluation
process are as follows-
1. Validity वैधता
2. Reliability ववश्वसनीयता
3. Practicability व्यावहारिकता:
4. Fairness वनष्पक्षता:
5. Usefulness उपयोविता:
6. Interpretation of Results परिणामों की व्याख्या:
characteristics of a good evaluation
A valid evaluation is one which actually tests what is sets out to test i.e., one which
actually measures that behaviour described by the objective(s), under scrutiny. Obviously,
no one would deliberately. Construct an evaluation item to test irrelevant material but very
often non-valid test items are in fact used e.g., questions that are intended to test recall of
factual material but which actually test the candidate’s powers of reasoning, or questions
which assume a level of pre-knowledge that the candidates do not necessarily possess.
एक वैध मूलयाांकन वह है जो वास्तव में पिीक्षण किता है वक पिीक्षण किने के विए क्या सेट वकया िया है, अर्ाात्, जो वास्तव में उद्देश्य (यों)
द्वािा ववणात व्यवहाि की जाांच किता है। जावहि है, कोई भी जानबूझकि नहीं होिा। अप्रासांविक सामग्री का पिीक्षण किने के विए एक
मूलयाांकन आइटम का वनमााण किें, िेवकन बहुत बाि िैि-वैध पिीक्षण आइटम वास्तव में उपयोि वकए जाते हैं उदाहिण के विए, ऐसे प्रश्न
वजनका उद्देश्य तथ्यात्मक सामग्री को याद िखना है, िेवकन जो वास्तव में तका की उम्मीदवाि शवियों का पिीक्षण किते हैं, या ऐसे प्रश्न जो
पूवा के स्ति का अनुमान ििाते हैं -ज्ञात किें वक उम्मीदवाि आवश्यक रूप से पास नहीं हैं।
Validity वैधता:
The reliability is a measure of the consistency with which the question, test or
examination produces the same result under different but comparable
conditions. A reliable evaluation item gives reproduciable scores with similar
populations of students. It is therefore, independent of the characteristics of
individual evaluations. In order to maintain reliability, one evaluative question
should test only one thing at a time and give the candidates no other option. The
evaluation should also adequately reflect the objectives of the teaching unit.
ववश्वसनीयता उस वस्र्िता का एक माप है वजसके सार् प्रश्न, पिीक्षण या पिीक्षा अिि-अिि िेवकन तुिनीय वस्र्वतयों के
तहत एक ही परिणाम उत्पन्न किती है। एक ववश्वसनीय मूलयाांकन आइटम छात्रों की समान आबादी के सार् प्रजनन योग्य
स्कोि देता है। इसविए, व्यविित मूलयाांकन की ववशेषताओां से स्वतांत्र है। ववश्वसनीयता बनाए िखने के विए, एक
मूलयाांकनत्मक प्रश्न को एक बाि में केवि एक चीज का पिीक्षण किना चावहए औि उम्मीदवािों को कोई अन्य ववकलप नहीं
देना चावहए। मूलयाांकन में वशक्षण इकाई के उद्देश्यों को भी पयााप्त रूप से प्रवतवबांवबत वकया जाना चावहए।
Reliability ववश्वसनीयता:
Evaluation procedure should be realistic, practical and
efficient in terms of their cost, time taken and case of
application. It may be an ideal procedure of evaluation
but may not be put into practice,
मूलयाांकन प्रविया उनकी िाित, समय पि िी िई औि आवेदन की वस्र्वत के सांदभा
में यर्ार्ावादी, व्यावहारिक औि कुशि होनी चावहए। यह मूलयाांकन की एक आदशा
प्रविया हो सकती है िेवकन इसे व्यवहाि में नहीं िाया जा सकता है,
Practicability व्यावहारिकता:
Evaluation must be fair to all students. This can be possible by accurate
reflecting of range of expected behaviours as desired by the course
objectives. To keep fairness in evaluation, it is also desired that students
should know exactly how they are to be evaluated. This means that students
should be provided information about evaluation such as nature of the
materials on which they are to be examined (i.e., Context and Objectives),
the form and structure of the examination, length of the examination and the
value (in terms of marks) of each component of the course.
मूलयाांकन सभी छात्रों के विए उवचत होना चावहए। यह पाठ्यिम के उद्देश्यों द्वािा वाांवछत व्यवहािों की श्रेणी को सटीक
रूप से प्रवतवबांवबत किके सांभव हो सकता है। मूलयाांकन में वनष्पक्षता िखने के विए, यह भी वाांवछत है वक छात्रों को यह
पता होना चावहए वक उनका मूलयाांकन कैसे वकया जाना चावहए। इसका मतिब यह है वक छात्रों को मूलयाांकन के बािे में
जानकािी प्रदान की जानी चावहए जैसे वक सामग्री की प्रकृवत वजस पि उनकी जाांच की जानी है (यानी, सांदभा औि
उद्देश्य), पिीक्षा का रूप औि सांिचना, पिीक्षा की िांबाई औि मूलय (सांदभा में) पाठ्यिम के प्रत्येक घटक के वनशान)।
Fairness ननष्पक्षता:
Evaluation should also be useful for students. Feedback
from evaluation must be made available to the students and
weakness. By knowing their strength and weakness,
Students can think of further improvement. Evaluation
should suggest all the needful requirements for their
improvement.
मूलयाांकन भी छात्रों के विए उपयोिी होना चावहए। मूलयाांकन से प्रवतविया छात्रों औि
कमजोिी को उपिब्ध किाई जानी चावहए। अपनी ताकत औि कमजोिी को जानकि, छात्र
आिे के सुधाि के बािे में सोच सकते हैं। मूलयाांकन में उनके सुधाि के विए सभी आवश्यक
आवश्यकताओां का सुझाव देना चावहए।
Usefulness उपयोगिता:
Another factor which must be considered in the choice of a test is the ease of interpretation of test results. A test
score is not meaningful unless the teacher or counselor is able to decide what significance or importance should be
attached to it and to make some judgment concerning its relationship to other kind of information about the student.
Nearly all test publishers produce manuals designed to aid the teacher in interpreting test results.
But these manuals very greatly on quality and in the thoroughness with which they do this importance job. From the
point of view of the teacher, principal, or counselor, the quality of the test manual should be just as important a
factor in the choice of a test as the quality of the test itself
एक अन्य कािक वजसे एक पिीक्षण के ववकलप में माना जाना चावहए, पिीक्षण के परिणामों की व्याख्या में आसानी है। एक पिीक्षा स्कोि तब तक सार्ाक नहीं होता जब तक वक
वशक्षक या काउांसिि यह तय किने में सक्षम न हो वक छात्र के बािे में अन्य तिह की जानकािी के विए उसके सांबांध में क्या महत्व या महत्व होना चावहए औि उसके सांबांध में कुछ
वनणाय किना चावहए। ििभि सभी पिीक्षण प्रकाशक पिीक्षा परिणामों की व्याख्या किने में वशक्षक की सहायता के विए विजाइन वकए िए मैनुअि का उत्पादन किते हैं।
िेवकन ये मैनुअि िुणवत्ता पि औि उस सांपूणाता में बहुत महत्वपूणा हैं वजसके सार् वे इस महत्व का काम किते हैं। वशक्षक, वप्रांवसपि या काउांसिि के दृविकोण से, टेस्ट मैनुअि की
िुणवत्ता उतनी ही महत्वपूणा होनी चावहए वजतनी वक टेस्ट की िुणवत्ता में एक कािक खुद टेस्ट की िुणवत्ता।
Interpretation of Results परिणामों की व्याख्या:
THANKS

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Characteristics Of A Good Evaluation एक अच्छे मूल्यांकन की विशेषताएं

  • 1. Characteristics Of A Good Evaluation एक अच्छे मूल्यांकन की विशेषतयएां By Dr. Abhishek Srivastava
  • 2. Basic features or characteristics of a good evaluation process are as follows- 1. Validity वैधता 2. Reliability ववश्वसनीयता 3. Practicability व्यावहारिकता: 4. Fairness वनष्पक्षता: 5. Usefulness उपयोविता: 6. Interpretation of Results परिणामों की व्याख्या: characteristics of a good evaluation
  • 3. A valid evaluation is one which actually tests what is sets out to test i.e., one which actually measures that behaviour described by the objective(s), under scrutiny. Obviously, no one would deliberately. Construct an evaluation item to test irrelevant material but very often non-valid test items are in fact used e.g., questions that are intended to test recall of factual material but which actually test the candidate’s powers of reasoning, or questions which assume a level of pre-knowledge that the candidates do not necessarily possess. एक वैध मूलयाांकन वह है जो वास्तव में पिीक्षण किता है वक पिीक्षण किने के विए क्या सेट वकया िया है, अर्ाात्, जो वास्तव में उद्देश्य (यों) द्वािा ववणात व्यवहाि की जाांच किता है। जावहि है, कोई भी जानबूझकि नहीं होिा। अप्रासांविक सामग्री का पिीक्षण किने के विए एक मूलयाांकन आइटम का वनमााण किें, िेवकन बहुत बाि िैि-वैध पिीक्षण आइटम वास्तव में उपयोि वकए जाते हैं उदाहिण के विए, ऐसे प्रश्न वजनका उद्देश्य तथ्यात्मक सामग्री को याद िखना है, िेवकन जो वास्तव में तका की उम्मीदवाि शवियों का पिीक्षण किते हैं, या ऐसे प्रश्न जो पूवा के स्ति का अनुमान ििाते हैं -ज्ञात किें वक उम्मीदवाि आवश्यक रूप से पास नहीं हैं। Validity वैधता:
  • 4. The reliability is a measure of the consistency with which the question, test or examination produces the same result under different but comparable conditions. A reliable evaluation item gives reproduciable scores with similar populations of students. It is therefore, independent of the characteristics of individual evaluations. In order to maintain reliability, one evaluative question should test only one thing at a time and give the candidates no other option. The evaluation should also adequately reflect the objectives of the teaching unit. ववश्वसनीयता उस वस्र्िता का एक माप है वजसके सार् प्रश्न, पिीक्षण या पिीक्षा अिि-अिि िेवकन तुिनीय वस्र्वतयों के तहत एक ही परिणाम उत्पन्न किती है। एक ववश्वसनीय मूलयाांकन आइटम छात्रों की समान आबादी के सार् प्रजनन योग्य स्कोि देता है। इसविए, व्यविित मूलयाांकन की ववशेषताओां से स्वतांत्र है। ववश्वसनीयता बनाए िखने के विए, एक मूलयाांकनत्मक प्रश्न को एक बाि में केवि एक चीज का पिीक्षण किना चावहए औि उम्मीदवािों को कोई अन्य ववकलप नहीं देना चावहए। मूलयाांकन में वशक्षण इकाई के उद्देश्यों को भी पयााप्त रूप से प्रवतवबांवबत वकया जाना चावहए। Reliability ववश्वसनीयता:
  • 5. Evaluation procedure should be realistic, practical and efficient in terms of their cost, time taken and case of application. It may be an ideal procedure of evaluation but may not be put into practice, मूलयाांकन प्रविया उनकी िाित, समय पि िी िई औि आवेदन की वस्र्वत के सांदभा में यर्ार्ावादी, व्यावहारिक औि कुशि होनी चावहए। यह मूलयाांकन की एक आदशा प्रविया हो सकती है िेवकन इसे व्यवहाि में नहीं िाया जा सकता है, Practicability व्यावहारिकता:
  • 6. Evaluation must be fair to all students. This can be possible by accurate reflecting of range of expected behaviours as desired by the course objectives. To keep fairness in evaluation, it is also desired that students should know exactly how they are to be evaluated. This means that students should be provided information about evaluation such as nature of the materials on which they are to be examined (i.e., Context and Objectives), the form and structure of the examination, length of the examination and the value (in terms of marks) of each component of the course. मूलयाांकन सभी छात्रों के विए उवचत होना चावहए। यह पाठ्यिम के उद्देश्यों द्वािा वाांवछत व्यवहािों की श्रेणी को सटीक रूप से प्रवतवबांवबत किके सांभव हो सकता है। मूलयाांकन में वनष्पक्षता िखने के विए, यह भी वाांवछत है वक छात्रों को यह पता होना चावहए वक उनका मूलयाांकन कैसे वकया जाना चावहए। इसका मतिब यह है वक छात्रों को मूलयाांकन के बािे में जानकािी प्रदान की जानी चावहए जैसे वक सामग्री की प्रकृवत वजस पि उनकी जाांच की जानी है (यानी, सांदभा औि उद्देश्य), पिीक्षा का रूप औि सांिचना, पिीक्षा की िांबाई औि मूलय (सांदभा में) पाठ्यिम के प्रत्येक घटक के वनशान)। Fairness ननष्पक्षता:
  • 7. Evaluation should also be useful for students. Feedback from evaluation must be made available to the students and weakness. By knowing their strength and weakness, Students can think of further improvement. Evaluation should suggest all the needful requirements for their improvement. मूलयाांकन भी छात्रों के विए उपयोिी होना चावहए। मूलयाांकन से प्रवतविया छात्रों औि कमजोिी को उपिब्ध किाई जानी चावहए। अपनी ताकत औि कमजोिी को जानकि, छात्र आिे के सुधाि के बािे में सोच सकते हैं। मूलयाांकन में उनके सुधाि के विए सभी आवश्यक आवश्यकताओां का सुझाव देना चावहए। Usefulness उपयोगिता:
  • 8. Another factor which must be considered in the choice of a test is the ease of interpretation of test results. A test score is not meaningful unless the teacher or counselor is able to decide what significance or importance should be attached to it and to make some judgment concerning its relationship to other kind of information about the student. Nearly all test publishers produce manuals designed to aid the teacher in interpreting test results. But these manuals very greatly on quality and in the thoroughness with which they do this importance job. From the point of view of the teacher, principal, or counselor, the quality of the test manual should be just as important a factor in the choice of a test as the quality of the test itself एक अन्य कािक वजसे एक पिीक्षण के ववकलप में माना जाना चावहए, पिीक्षण के परिणामों की व्याख्या में आसानी है। एक पिीक्षा स्कोि तब तक सार्ाक नहीं होता जब तक वक वशक्षक या काउांसिि यह तय किने में सक्षम न हो वक छात्र के बािे में अन्य तिह की जानकािी के विए उसके सांबांध में क्या महत्व या महत्व होना चावहए औि उसके सांबांध में कुछ वनणाय किना चावहए। ििभि सभी पिीक्षण प्रकाशक पिीक्षा परिणामों की व्याख्या किने में वशक्षक की सहायता के विए विजाइन वकए िए मैनुअि का उत्पादन किते हैं। िेवकन ये मैनुअि िुणवत्ता पि औि उस सांपूणाता में बहुत महत्वपूणा हैं वजसके सार् वे इस महत्व का काम किते हैं। वशक्षक, वप्रांवसपि या काउांसिि के दृविकोण से, टेस्ट मैनुअि की िुणवत्ता उतनी ही महत्वपूणा होनी चावहए वजतनी वक टेस्ट की िुणवत्ता में एक कािक खुद टेस्ट की िुणवत्ता। Interpretation of Results परिणामों की व्याख्या: