incomplete Ppt, will complete soon after sometimes

1. LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY
CLASS:10
Geography, chapter 7
By Tsering Chokeyi
Teacher

2. Supply location Transportation Demand location
Traders: Who makes the products come to the consumer by transportation.
 Pace of development depends upon the production of goods and services as well as
their movement over the space.

3.  Movement of the goods and services can be over
three domains of the earth
(Land , Water and Air)
LAND WATER AIR

4. Means of Transport
Land Water Air
Roadways Railways Pipelines Inland Overseas Domestic
Airways
International
Airways
Public Undertaking
Private Undertaking

5.  Early time: trade and transport were restricted
 Development in science and technology expanded
trade and transport
 Transport-Communication –Trade complementary to each other
INDIA
 Dense and efficient network of
transport and communication is
a prerequisite for local, national
and global trade of today

6. Transport and Communication
Lifelines of National Economy
Lifelines
“Transportation and Communication are compared
to veins and arteries of our body”

7. Transport
1. Roadways
2. Railways
3. Pipelines
4. Waterways
5. Airway
 Communication
 International Trade
 Tourism as a Trade

8. ROADWAYS

9.  India has one of the largest road networks in the world ,
aggregate to about 54.7 lakh km
In India, roadways have preceded railways

10. Advantages of Roadways Over Railways
1. Cost of construction is lower than that of railway lines,
2. Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and
undulating topography,
3. Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes,
4. Road transportation is economical in transportation of goods
and persons over short period,
5. It provides door-to-door service, thus cost of loading and
unloading is much lower,
6. It also used as a feeder to other modes of transport.

11. Dissected Road Undulating Topography

12. Classification of Roads
1. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways
2. National Highways
3. State Highways
4. District Roads
5. Other Roads
6. Border Roads

13. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways
 The gov.t launched major road development project
 Link :
Delhi
Kolkata
Chennai
Mumbai

14.  The North-South corridors linking Srinagar [Jammu &
Kashmir ] & Kanyakumari [T.N. &East –West corridor
connecting silcher (Assam) & Polbander (Gujarat).
 The main objective of these
super highways is to reduce
time and distance between
the mega cities of India.
 National Highway Authority of
India (NHAI): implemented these
highway projects.

15. National Highways
 link extreme parts of the country
 laid and maintained by the Central Public Work
Department(CPWD)
 Sher-Shah Suri Marg: National Highway No.1.
Delhi and Amritsar
between

16. State Highways
 link a state capital with different district headquaters
 Construct and maintained by the State Public Works
Department (PWD) in State and Union Territories

17. District Road
 link the district headquarters with other places of the
district.
 Roads are maintained by Zila Parishad
Other Roads
 rural areas and villages with towns
 Received special impetus under the Pradhan Mantri
Grameen Sadak Yojna
 Increase construction to connect village and town by
an all season motorable road.
Rural roads

18. Boarder Roads
 Roads made in the bordering areas.
 a government of India undertaking constructs and
maintain Border Roads.
 Boarder road organisation(BRO) : It was established in
1960
 It was established for the development of the roads of
strategic importance in the northern and north-eastern
border areas.

19. Classification on the basis of the types of material
used
Metalled Roads Unmetalled Roads
• Made of cement, concrete
or even bitumen of coal.
• All weather road.
• Made of mud and sand.
• Go out of use in rainy
season.

20. Road Density
 The length of road per 100 sq.km of area is known as
Road Density.
Problem s of Road Transportation
 About half of the roads are unmetalled which limits
their usage during the rainy season.
 The National Highways are inadequate too.
 The roadways are high/congested in cities.
 Most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow

21. RAILWAYS

22. Railways
 Principal mode of transportation for Freight and
passengers in India.
 Conduct multifarious activities
Business Sightseeing Pilgrimage Transportation

23. Railways in India
bind the economic life
Accelerate the development of the industry and agriculture
Connecting far off places.
Largest public sector undertaking in the country
Indian Railways have been great integrating force for more
than 150 years.
The first train steamed off from Mumbai to Thane in 1853,
covering a distance of 34km.

25.  The distribution pattern of the Railway has largely Influence by
physiography, economic and administrative factors.
Northern Plains
 The rail network is highly dense in northern plains.
topography, high population density and rich
agricultural resources present in this region.

26. Obstacles:
Northern Plains
 a large number of rivers requiring
construction of bridges across their
wide their wide beds
The Peninsular Region
 Hilly areas
 Railways tracks are laid through
low hills, gaps or tunnels.
Himalayan Region
 Unfavourable for the construction of
railway line due to high relief, sparse
population and lack of economic
opportunities

27. Types of Gauge:
1. Broad Gauge
2. Meter Gauge
3. Narrow Gauge

28. CHALLENGES FACED BY INDIAN RAILWAYS

29. 1. Difficulties to lay railways on:
 Sandy plains of Rajasthan.
 Swamps of Gujarat.
 Forested tracks of M.P., Chattisgarh, Odisha and
Jharkhand.
 Stretch of sahyadri could be crossed only through
gaps and passes (Ghats).

30. 2. Development of the Konkan Railway
 The most important economic region
 Along the west coast facilitated the movement of
passengers and goods.
 Faced problem
sinking of track in some stretches and
landslide

31. 3. Problems/Drawbacks
 Passengers travel without tickets.
 Thefts and damaging railway property not yet
stopped
 Stop trains, unnecessary pulling of chains.
 Cancellation, delays etc
 Frequent accidents.

32. PIPELINE

34. Pipelines
• Used for water supply , but today water and
other uses:
• natural gas – to refineries and fertiliser
complexes, big thermal plants.
• petroleum – refineries , petrochemical
industries.
• crude oil- to the industries.

35. Advantages
• Transportation through pipelines rules out
delay and
• transportation loss. Many fertiliser plants and
thermal
• power stations are benefitted by the supply of
gas through pipelines.
• Though initial cost of laying pipelines is high,
but running cost is very low.