The document discusses electoral politics and elections in India. It provides background on state assembly elections in Haryana in 1987, where the opposition Lok Dal party formed by Chaudhary Devi Lal promised loan waivers and won a majority of seats. It then discusses why elections are needed to choose representatives and form governments, and what makes elections democratic, including universal adult suffrage, multiple parties/candidates, and conducting elections freely and fairly.
Chapter - 2, Physical Features of India, Geography, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 2, Physical Features of India, Geography, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS
THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS
1. HIMADRI
2. HIMACHAL
3. SHIVALIK
DIVISION OF HIMALAYAS FROM WEST TO EAST
THE NORTHERN PLAIN
THE INDIAN DESERT
THE ISLAND GROUP
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 2, Physical Features of India, Geography, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 2, Physical Features of India, Geography, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS
THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS
1. HIMADRI
2. HIMACHAL
3. SHIVALIK
DIVISION OF HIMALAYAS FROM WEST TO EAST
THE NORTHERN PLAIN
THE INDIAN DESERT
THE ISLAND GROUP
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 1, India: Size & Location, Geography, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 1, India: Size & Location, Geography, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
IMPORTANT TERMS
SIZE (FACTS AND FIGURES OF INDIA)
STANDARD MERIDIAN
INDIA AND THE WORLD
INDIA’S NEIGHBOURS
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
What does democracy do?
What outcomes can we reasonably expect of democracy?
Does democracy fulfil these expectations in real life?
How to assess the outcomes of democracy?
Democracy is better because
Accountable, responsive and legitimate government
ELECTION,DEBATE AND INFORMATION
PEOPLE’S NEED AND CORRUPTION
Economic growth and development
Reduction of inequality and poverty
Accommodation of social diversity
Dignity and freedom of the citizens
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Scie...Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
PARLIAMENT
TWO HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT
POLITICAL EXECUTIVE
PRIME MINISTER AND COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
THE PRESIDENT
THE JUDICIARY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Agriculture from Class 10 Geography in CBSE Board. The information included is solely from Class 10 Geography textbook.
Chapter - 1, India: Size & Location, Geography, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 1, India: Size & Location, Geography, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
IMPORTANT TERMS
SIZE (FACTS AND FIGURES OF INDIA)
STANDARD MERIDIAN
INDIA AND THE WORLD
INDIA’S NEIGHBOURS
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
What does democracy do?
What outcomes can we reasonably expect of democracy?
Does democracy fulfil these expectations in real life?
How to assess the outcomes of democracy?
Democracy is better because
Accountable, responsive and legitimate government
ELECTION,DEBATE AND INFORMATION
PEOPLE’S NEED AND CORRUPTION
Economic growth and development
Reduction of inequality and poverty
Accommodation of social diversity
Dignity and freedom of the citizens
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Scie...Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
PARLIAMENT
TWO HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT
POLITICAL EXECUTIVE
PRIME MINISTER AND COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
THE PRESIDENT
THE JUDICIARY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Agriculture from Class 10 Geography in CBSE Board. The information included is solely from Class 10 Geography textbook.
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHAPTER our detailed election process constituencies candidate nomination challenges to election process
In a democracy it is neither possible nor necessary for people to govern directly. The most common form of democracy in our times is for the people to govern through their representatives. In this chapter we will look at how these representatives are elected. We begin by understanding why elections are necessary and useful in a democracy. We try to understand how electoral competition among parties serves the people. We then go on to ask what makes an election democratic. The basic idea here is to distinguish democratic elections from non-democratic elections.
The rest of the chapter tries to assess elections in India in the light of this yardstick. We take a look at each stage of elections, from the drawing of boundaries of different constituencies to the declaration of results. At each stage we ask what should happen and what does happen in elections. Towards the end of the chapter, we turn to an assessment of whether elections in India are free and fair. Here we also examine the role of the Election Commission in ensuring free and fair elections.
Contents
• Elections
• Why elections ?
• What makes election democratic
• Is it good to he political competition?
• What is our system of election?
• What makes election democratic
in India
• conclusion
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2. WHY ELECTION?
1982- 1987 congress party ruled over Haryana.
1987-Next State assembly election in Haryana.
Chaudhary devi lal of opposition party formed new party called
lok dal.
He struggle for justice (Nyaya yudh).
Devi lal and his front joint election campaign. He promise to
waive the loan of farmers and business man.
Most people were attracted with his promised and won the
majority vote i.e. 60 out of 90 seats.
Lok dal won the state assembly and formed MLA who later
elected Devi Lal as chief minister.
After 3 days, with the declaration of chief minister he fulfilled his
promised.
His party ruled for 4 years.
In next 1991 election, congress party took over the govt.
3.
4. WHY DO WE NEED ELECTION?
To choose people’s representative
Representative to take a proper decision on all matters.
Can choose who will make laws for them.
Can choose who will form the government and take
major decision.
Can choose the party whose policies will guide the
government and law making.
5. WHAT MAKES AN ELECTION DEMOCRATIC?
Everyone should able to choose through voting right.
Needs parties and candidates to contest an election.
Should offer real choice to the people.
Choice should offered regular after interval.
Candidates preferred by people should get elected.
Election should conduct through free and fair.
6. Home Work Questions
1. What do you understand by the term election?
2. Why do we have representative government in most
democracies?
3. What is the mechanism by which people can choose
their representatives and change them if they wish
to?
4. Why do we need election?
5. What makes an election democratic? Give five reason.
8. Merits of Election
Political leaders know what is good for the people
Try and Improve the knowledge and character of
political leaders
Set up system where political leaders were rewarded or
punish by people.
9. Demerits of the Election
Creates a sense of disunity and factionalism in every
locality.
Political leaders often accuse against one another.
Party and candidates always use dirty tricks to win
election.
Some good people do not enter into this political
argument as they do not wanted to be in unhealthy
competition.
10. What is our system of election?
Election held every after five years for
Lok- Sabha and Vidhan Sabha
After the term representatives has to dissolve.
11. Election
General Election:- Election held in all constituencies
at the same time, day or within few days.
By Election:- Election held in any constituency to fill
the vacancy caused by death or resignation of a
member.
17. Reserve Constituencies
In Democratic Country like India
Every citizen has right to elect his/her
representative
Every citizen has right to be elected as a
representative
18. Need of Reserve Constituencies
Some weaker section may not get chance to elect in
MP and MLA
They may not be having required education and
contact to contest election.
Those who are influential and resourceful may prevent
them from winning election
19. Reserve Seats
SC : 79 seats in Lok Sabha
ST : 41 seats in Lok Sabha
OBC: Reserve seats in local and district bodies
21. Voter List
After deciding constituencies,
Now have to decide who can and who cannot vote.
Electoral List or Voter List:- It is a list of eligible person
who can give vote.
22. Right to Vote
Universal Adult Franchise
One person, one vote, one value is there
No one should denied the right to vote without having
good reason
No any discrimination during voting time
23. Right to Vote Denied
Person having criminal record
Unsent Mind
24. Government responsibilities
To get name of eligible voters
Add the name of a person attain voting age to the
voters’ list and delete of those who were dead.
A complete revision of the list, every after five years.
Voter can require to take Election Photo Identity Card
or Ration Card or Driving License etc.
25. Nomination of Candidates
no restriction on anyone to contest election.
Voter can also as candidate in election.
minimum age of 25 yrs for the candidate and 18 yrs for
the voter
Criminals can’t contest election
Political parties nominate candidates, he should have
party support and symbol.
Ticket: Party’s nomination is called Ticket.
26. Rules for the Nomination of
Candidate
Person wishes to contest election should do the
following:
1. Fill up the nominee form
2. Give security deposits
3. Give details of serious criminal record pending
4. Details of families, assets and liability
5. Detail of education qualification only for formalities
28. Election Campaign- Why and When
Purpose of election is to give people chance to choose
their leader
To have free and open discussion is necessary
Election campaign can done only to educate the voters
about their future program and policies
Campaign is for two weeks period
-It is done between
-the announcement of final list of candidates and
date of polling
29. During campaign
Candidates contact their voters
Leaders address election meetings
Mobilize their supporters
Party try to focus public attention on big issues
To attract the party in that issue they made slogans
Election related stories and debates will show in the
TV news or Newspaper.
30. Party’s Slogans
To attract the voters. They give big issue or slogans
E.g.:Parties Slogan
Congress Party 1971– Garibi Hatao
Janata Dal 1977- Save Democracy
Left front 1977- Land to the tiller
Telegu Democracy party 1983– Protect the self respect of
telegu.
31. law for free and fair electionn
According to election law, no party or candidate can
Bribe and threaten voters are not acceptable.
No suppose to use Government resources for Election
campaign.
Not allowed to appeal on religion and caste.
Should not spend more than ` 25 lakh in constituency of
lok Sabah ` 10 lakh in state or assembly election
32. Code of Conduct
It is Set of rules and guidance for the parties and its
candidates
33. Election Day and Venue
Day :- The day when voters vote.
Venue :- Polling booth situated in local
schools and government offices.
34. To cast vote one should have
Photo Identity Card Put a mark on finger
35. Early time voting Present day voting
Ballot Paper Electronic Voting Machine
36. After Polling
EVM are sealed and taken to a secure place
Opened after a few days on a fixed date
Counting is done in-front of candidate’s agent
Highest number of vote from constituency is declared
elected
Result will announce or report the event in Television,
radio and newspaper.
38. Unfair Practice in Election
Inclusion of false names
Misuse of government facilities by ruling party.
Excessive use of money by rich candidates
Threaten voters and fraud and mal practice on the
poling day.
39. Election Commission
He has the power to conduct Elections.
Ruling party or the government cannot pressurize
election commission.
Is elected by the president of India.
Is not answerable to the questions of president.
40. Power of Election Commission
Takes decision of every aspects of election.
Punishes if violates code of conducts.
Gives guidelines like preventing usage of government
property.
During election, Election Commission controls the
government.
If Election Commission do not satisfied or see some
unfair practice in election then he may ask parties for
re-polling.
41. Popular Participant
Voter Turnout:- People’s participation in election is
measured by voter turnout figures.
It is shown in graph,
It shows how many of eligible voters have voted.
42. Most voters are poor, underprivileged and illiterate
in India where as in America, costs of the voters
are rich and the white people.
Common people participate in Election as they
believe that they can bring pressure on political
parties to adopt policies in their favor.
Interests in votes are increasing over a years.
43. Acceptance of Election Outcome
Fair Election.
Ruling parties always lose election (centre and
state)
Half of MP and MLA lose elections.
Criminal connection and those who invest lots of
money often lose election.
Election accepts people verdicts
44. Challenges of Free and Fair Election
Big parties and candidates enjoy unfair advantages
over smaller parties.
A candidate having criminal connection gets the
ticket easily.
Families tend to dominate the party and gibes
tickets to their families and relatives.
No choice to ordinary citizen regarding its policies
and practice.
Small parties suffer disadvantages as compared to
bigger parties.