The document discusses political parties and their functions. It states that a political party is a group that contests elections and seeks to hold power in government. Parties reflect divisions in society and favor certain groups. They shape public opinion, contest elections, formulate policies, form and run the government, and provide the opposition. The document also discusses the importance of parties for organizing elections and governance. It covers different party systems like one-party, two-party, and multi-party systems. It notes the seven national parties in India and defines state or regional parties. Finally, it discusses some challenges facing parties and reforms like the anti-defection law, disclosure of finances and criminal cases, and suggestions for further regulation and reform.

1. POLITICALPARTIES

2. • A political party is a
group of people who
come together to
contest elections and
hold power in the
government
• Political parties reflect
fundamental political
divisions in a society .All the
parties favour certain part of
the society and thus they
involve partisanship
Do you know
What is
political
party?
Partisan: A person who is
strongly committed to a party,
group or faction. Partisanship is
marked by a tendency to take a
side and inability to take a
balanced view on an issue.

3. A political party has 3
components :

4. Functions of Political
Parties
Contest
elections
Put
forward
different
policies and
programmes

5. Parties shape
public opinion Losing party
plays the role
of opposition
Partiesform
andrunthe
government
Provides
access to gov.
schemes and
policies

6. Importance of Political
Parties
We can understand the
Importance of
political parties by
imagining a
situation without parties

7. without existence of parties, following
situations may occur
Every candidate in
the elections will
be able to make
any promises to
the people
The government may be formed,
but its utility will remain ever uncertain.
Elected representatives will be accountable to
their constituency for what
they do in the locality . But no one will be
responsible for how the country will
be run.

8. How many parties should we have?

10. One Party system
• In some countries , only one party controls and runs
the government. This is called one party system.
• Eg :-In China only Communist Party forms the
government.
• This system is not a good option for democracy
because it does not provide a fair
• chance for competing parties to gain power.

11. Two Party system
• In some countries, power usually changes between two main
political parties, several other parties may exist but manages to
win few seats in the national legislature
• Only the major two parties have serious chances of forming
govt.This is called two party system.
• The United States of America and the United Kingdom are
examples of two-party system

12. Multi party system
• If several parties compete for power and more than two
parties have reasonable chance of forming government
either by their own strength or in alliance with
others.We call it a multiparty system.
• Eg;-India

13. Coalition of Parties
• whenseveralpartiesjoinhandswiththepurposeof contestingelectionsand
winningpowerin a multipartysystemis calledan allianceor front.

16. National Parties
• Everypartyneedsto beregisteredwithEC.
• WhiletheCommissiontreatsallpartiesequally,it offerssomespecialfacilities to
largeandestablishedparties.
• Thesepartiesaregivena uniquesymbol.
• Thesepartiesarecalled,‘recognisedpoliticalparties’.

17. Why National parties are called ‘ recognised
political parties'?
1. commission treats all parties equally , but it
offers some special facilities to large and
established parties. These parties are given a
unique symbol -only the official candidates of
that party can use that election symbol .
2. Parties that get this privilege and some other
special facilities are 'recognised 'by the
Election Commission for this purpose .
3. That is why ,these parties are called
'recognised political parties !

19. There are 7
National
Parties in
India.

21. All India Trinamool Congress(AITC)
• Launched in Jan 1 998
under ladership of
Mamta Banerjee.
• Recognised as national
party in 2016.
• Has been in power in
Bengal since 2011.
• 4th largest party in lok
sabha.

22. Bahujan Samaj Party
(BSP)
Formed in 1984
under the
leadership of
Kanshi Ram.
Seeks to represent and
secure power
for the bahujan samaj
which includes
The dalits, adivasis,
OBCs.
Main
base in
UP

23. Bhartiya Janta Party
(BJP)
Founded in
1980 by
reviving the
erstwhile
Bharatiya
Jana Sangh.
Wants to build a strong and
modern India
by drawing inspiration from
India’s ancient
culture and values.

24. Came to power in 1998
as the leader of the
NDA .
Its support
base
increased
substantiall
y in the
1990s.
Emerged as
largest party in
2014.

25. Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPI)
• Formedin1925.
• BelievesinMarxism-Leninism,
secularismanddemocracy.
• EnjoysstrongsupportinWestBengal,
KeralaandTripura.

26. Communist Party of
India(CPI- M)
Founded
in 1964.
Believes in Marxism
Leninism. Supports
socialism,
secularism and
democracy.

27. Opposesimperialism
andcommunalism
Enjoys strong
support in West
Bengal, Kerala
and
Tripura.
Has been in power in West Bengal
without a
break for 30 years.

29. Nationalist Congress
party (NCP)
Formed in 1999
following a split
in the Congress
party.
Promotes
democracy,
Ghandian
secularism.
PartofUPAsince
2004.

30. State Parties
• Also knows as "Regional Parties“
• Regional parties play a very important role in national
politics.
• No one national party is able to secure on its own a
• majority in Lok Sabha. As a result, the national parties are
compelled to form alliances with State parties.
• A party that secures at least 6% of the total votes in an
election to the legislative Assembly of a state and wins at
least 2 seats ,is recognised as a state party .
• Some of the regional parties like the Samajwadi Party ,
Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level
political organisation with units in several States

32. Challenges to political parties
Lack of internal
democracy within
parties.
Challenges of
Dynastic
succession
Parties
don't offer
meaningful
choices.
Money and muscle
powers are used
during
elections.

33. Steps taken to reform
Political Parties
Anti -Defection Law -
The constitution was amended to
prevent MPs and MLAs from changing
parties . This was done because many
elected representatives
were indulging in directions to become
ministers or for cash rewards.
The law says if any MP or MLA
changes a party then he or she will lose
its
seat in the legislative
Details of Property and criminal
cases -
The Supreme Court passed an
order
to reduce the influence of money
and criminals , now candidates
contesting for elections have to file
an affidavit giving details of their
property and
criminal cases pending on them .
The new system has made a lot of
information available to the public .

34. File an Income Tax Return -
The Election Commission has
passed an order
making it compulsory for parties
to hold their organisational
elections
and file their income tax returns .
The parties have started doing so
but
sometimes it is mere formality .

35. Suggestions to Reform
Political Parties
A law should be made to
regulate the internal affairs of
the political
parties . It should be made
compulsory for political
parties to maintain a
register of its members ,to
follow its own constitution,
to have an independent
authority which acts as
ajudge in case of party
disputes and hold
open election to the higher
posts.
It should be made compulsory for
political parties to give a number of
tickets,
about one third ,
to women candidates .
Similarly , a quota for women should
be there in the decision making bodies
of the party
There should be state
funding of elections .
The govt. should give
money to political
parties to support their
electron expenses on
the basis of votes
secured in
the last elections .

36. THANK YOU!!
Done BY:-
Name :- Om kumar jha
class :-10th B
Roll No:- 34