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Grade 10 Social Science - Political Science- ch- 1 -Power Sharing

The document discusses the concept of power sharing in democracies, emphasizing its importance in preventing the concentration of power and reducing conflicts among social groups. It illustrates this through examples from India and Sri Lanka, detailing ethnic compositions and the impact of policies on various communities. Power sharing is portrayed as a necessary mechanism for stability, fairness, and democratic governance.

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Grade- 10- social science civics-chapter-1- Power SharingPrepared By: Navya Rai Navya Rai
Meaning Power sharing is technique to share the power at different levels. It is an idea inculcated in democracy so that the power is not concentrated at one hand only and that different forms can keep a check on each other. India is an example of 'holding together' federations, where the power is shared between central government and different constituent states. Navya Rai
SIZE AND POPULATION- a) A small country in Europe. b) As much as the state of Haryana. c) Have population of 1 Crore. d) Borders with France, Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg. Navya Rai
ETHNIC COMPOSITION- a) 59% speak Dutch and live in the Flemish region. b) 40% speak French and live in the Wallonia Region. c) 1% speak German DUTCH 59% FRENCH 40% GERMAN 1% Navya Rai
• Capital city of Belgium. • Has entirely different ethnic composition than the country:- a) 80% in the capital speak French they are minority in the country. b) 20% in the capital speak Dutch. Navya Rai
Brussels- Capital region - Dutch were Minority Flemish- 59% -Dutch- Speaking region. Wallonia- 40% - French – Rich & Powerful German – 1 % Navya Rai
Equal number of Ministers from Dutch and French speaking areas in the Central Govt. No single community can make decisions unilaterally Transfer of power from the centre to the state. State govt. will not be a subordinate to the centre. Separate govt. in Brussels with equal representation for the French and the Dutch. Formation of COMMUNITY Govt elected by the people belonging to one language community Dutch, French and German wherever they live. This has power regarding Culture, education and language related issues.Navya Rai
SIZE AND POPULATION a. An island nation in South Asia. b. A few kilometers off the southern coast of Tamil Nadu. c. Population of 2 Crore, almost equal to as in Haryana. Navya Rai
ETHNIC COMPOSITION TAMIL- SPEAKERS (18%) INDIAN TAMILS (5%) SRI LANKAN TAMILS (13%) CHRISTIANS (7%) SINHALA- SPEAKERS (74%) BUDDHISHTS Navya Rai
Sri Lankan Tamils- Occupy N & E – Hindus & Muslims Sinhalese- 74% - Buddhist - Indian Tamils- Hindus & Muslims Tamils – 18% Muslims- 1% Both Sinhalese & Tamil 7% - Christian Navya Rai
In 1948, Sri Lanka became independent. A number of laws were made to establish Sinhala's supremacy: In 1956 an Act was passed which recognized Sinhala as the only official language of Si Lanka; thus, disregarding Tamil. Sinhala speakers were preferred both for university positions and Government jobs. Constitution was amended to protect and foster Buddhism Language. Navya Rai
 Tamils felt isolated. They felt that none of the political party led by Buddhist Sinhala leaders were sensitive to their culture and region. They felt that the constitution and government are denying them from equal rights. Discriminated against getting jobs & other opportunities. Their interest was ignored. Navya Rai
Why is Power Sharing desirable in a Democracy ? Prudential 1. Reduces conflicts between social groups. 2. Stability of political order. 3. Better outcome. Moral 1. It is the spirit of democracy. 2. People have the right to be consulted for governing practices. 3. Power sharing is valuable. Navya Rai
1. Power is shared among different organs of the government 2. Power is shared among government at different levels 3. Power is shared among different social groups 4. Power is also shared among political parties, pressure groups and movements Navya Rai
Legislature, executive and judiciary keep a check on each other. This results in balance of power among various institutions. This arrangement is also called a system of check and balance. Navya Rai
Central Government State Government Local Government Navya Rai
• Under this arrangement government and administration gives space to the diverse social groups. 1 • In this way minority communities get a fare share in power. 2 3. Power sharing among different social groups Navya Rai
In case no party gets majority then two or more parties form an alliance to come to power and form coalition government. power. In democracy different parties compete to come to power. 4. Power sharing among political parties, pressure groups and movements Navya Rai
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