The document discusses India's electoral system and process. It explains that India holds elections for the Lok Sabha and state assemblies every 5 years. The country is divided into constituencies and citizens over 18 can vote. Political parties campaign and voters cast their votes electronically. The Election Commission oversees free and fair elections. The party that wins the most seats can form the government.
Chapter - 2, Physical Features of India, Geography, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 2, Physical Features of India, Geography, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS
THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS
1. HIMADRI
2. HIMACHAL
3. SHIVALIK
DIVISION OF HIMALAYAS FROM WEST TO EAST
THE NORTHERN PLAIN
THE INDIAN DESERT
THE ISLAND GROUP
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 2, Physical Features of India, Geography, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 2, Physical Features of India, Geography, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS
THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS
1. HIMADRI
2. HIMACHAL
3. SHIVALIK
DIVISION OF HIMALAYAS FROM WEST TO EAST
THE NORTHERN PLAIN
THE INDIAN DESERT
THE ISLAND GROUP
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Agriculture from Class 10 Geography in CBSE Board. The information included is solely from Class 10 Geography textbook.
This PPt may be useful for the 9th std students. it is based on the 9th Std Geography (CBSE) book. for better understanding, some of the other related PPTs and pictures are also included in this PPT. Let enjoy your studies. yours.. R. Ezhilraman, PGT-Social Science, JNV Lepakshi, Ananthapur Andhra Pradesh
this PPT is about class 10 political science's chapter Political parties and the material is entirely based on NCERT book ans has been edited for better understanding of students.
Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
CAUSES OF WATER SCARCITY
OPPOSITION OF MULTI PURPOSE PROJECTS
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Agriculture from Class 10 Geography in CBSE Board. The information included is solely from Class 10 Geography textbook.
This PPt may be useful for the 9th std students. it is based on the 9th Std Geography (CBSE) book. for better understanding, some of the other related PPTs and pictures are also included in this PPT. Let enjoy your studies. yours.. R. Ezhilraman, PGT-Social Science, JNV Lepakshi, Ananthapur Andhra Pradesh
this PPT is about class 10 political science's chapter Political parties and the material is entirely based on NCERT book ans has been edited for better understanding of students.
Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
CAUSES OF WATER SCARCITY
OPPOSITION OF MULTI PURPOSE PROJECTS
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
In a democracy it is neither possible nor necessary for people to govern directly. The most common form of democracy in our times is for the people to govern through their representatives. In this chapter we will look at how these representatives are elected. We begin by understanding why elections are necessary and useful in a democracy. We try to understand how electoral competition among parties serves the people. We then go on to ask what makes an election democratic. The basic idea here is to distinguish democratic elections from non-democratic elections.
The rest of the chapter tries to assess elections in India in the light of this yardstick. We take a look at each stage of elections, from the drawing of boundaries of different constituencies to the declaration of results. At each stage we ask what should happen and what does happen in elections. Towards the end of the chapter, we turn to an assessment of whether elections in India are free and fair. Here we also examine the role of the Election Commission in ensuring free and fair elections.
Contents
• Elections
• Why elections ?
• What makes election democratic
• Is it good to he political competition?
• What is our system of election?
• What makes election democratic
in India
• conclusion
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHAPTER our detailed election process constituencies candidate nomination challenges to election process
India is a constitutional democracy with a parliamentary system of government, and at the heart of the system is a commitment to hold regular, free and fair elections. These elections determine the composition of the government, the membership of the two houses of parliament, the state and union territory legislative assemblies, and the Presidency and vice-presidency.The mainstay of a democratic society .Elections helps to solve the problem of succession in leadership and thus contributes to the continuation of democracy .
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2. Chapter:- Electoral politics
Now let us discuss the chapter
ELECTORAL POLITICS
We already know what is politics, so let us study
about electoral politics-
It is a field where we elect our representatives
by voting them. The more the votes, the more
the chances to win the election.
3. Elections can lead to changes in the policy of
government.
The governor invited can become the chief
minister if he is impressed by the speeches.
People are unhappy with every ruling party and
vote against it in the next election.
The party that wins the election forms the govt.
The election can lead to economic development in
the state or in the country.
4. The party need not have not resigned after his party
lost elections.
The country which have elections are said to be
democratic.
5. The people can choose their leaders who will make
laws for them.
They can choose who will form the government and
take major decisions.
They can choose the party whose policies will guide
the government and law making.
A rule of the people is possible without any
elections if all the people cab sit together everyday
and take all the decisions.
6. People can choose their representatives at regular
intervals and change them if they wish to do so.
Therefore, elections are considered essential in our
times for any representative democracy.
7. Everyone should be able to choose. This means that
everyone should have on vote and every vote
should have equal value.
There should be something to choose from. Parties
and candidates should be free to contest elections
and should offer some real choice to the voters.
8. The choice should be offered at regular intervals.
Elections must be held regularly after every five
years.
The candidate preferred by the people should get
elected.
Elections should be conducted in a free and fair
manner where people can choose as they really
wish.
9. It can be divided into two parts demerits and merits
Clearly, an electoral competition has many
demerits.
It creates a sense of disunity and factionalism in
every day society.
10. Candidates and parties use dirty methods for
winning elections.
People who want to serve the country avoid
entering this field owing to unhealthy competition.
11. People will get the full right to vote and choose
their representatives.
The country which has adopted the election
procedure is also counted in democratic country.
It helps to the elected representative to go out and
serve the country and the countrymen.
After the people get the right to vote they are
considered as equal .
The following picture shows the countries who have
adopted democracy and has benefitted.
12.
13. •
The Lok Sabha and the Vidhan Sabha elections are
held in India every 5 years.
The Lok Sabha election is called the General
Election.
There are certain elections that are conducted in a
particular constituency owing to the death/
resignation of a member. These are called by-
elections
14.
15. The country is divided into electoral constituencies
for both the Lok Sabha and the Legislative Assembly
elections. One representative is elected from each
constituency by the voters.
The country is divided into 543 constituencies for
the Lok Sabha elections. The selected
representative is called the Member of Parliament
or MP.
Similarly, each state is divided into a number of
Assembly constituencies and the representative
selected from each constituency is called the
Member of Legislative Assembly or MLA.
16. For lok sabha elections, the country is divided into
543 constituencies. The representative elected from
each constituency is called a member of parliament
or an MP.
17. In open electoral competitions, certain weaker
sections of the society may not stand a good chance
of winning because of the influence of powerful
sections
Hence, the makers of our Constitution prepared a
system of reserved constituencies for these weaker
sections.
18. Certain constituencies are reserved for the people
belonging to the Scheduled Castes (SC) and the
Scheduled Tribes (ST).
In the Lok Sabha, seats reserved for the SCs and STs
are 79 and 41 respectively. These are in proportion
to their population in the total population of the
country.
Seats are reserved for the Other Backward Classes
(OBC) as well
They may not have the required resources
education and contacts to contest and win
elections.
19.
20. The list of people who are eligible for voting is
prepared by the Election Commission of India.
This ensures that everyone in the country gets an
equal opportunity of choosing their political
representatives.
Regardless of a person‟s caste, creed, colour and
gender, every citizen of and above 18 years of age is
eligible to vote.
This is an important step, it is linked to the first
condition of a democratic election: everyone should
get an equal opportunity to choose their
representatives.
21. Different citizens differ from one another in many
ways : some are rich ,some are poor ;some are
highly educated and some are not so educated and
some not educated at all, but still they have the
right to vote.
22. An Indian citizen, Age should be minimum 25 years.
There are restrictions on people with criminal
records, but those are extreme cases.
The candidate has to fill a nomination form and give
a security deposit.
Also, a legal declaration has to be made with details
of pending criminal cases against the candidate,
assets and liabilities of the candidate and the
educational qualifications of the candidate.
23. Every candidate has to make legal declaration,
giving his full details of:
i. Serious criminal cases pending against the
candidate;
ii. Details of the assets and the liabilities of the
candidate and his/her family.
iii. Education qualification of the candidate.
The above information should be made public so
that the voters get an opportunity on the basis of
the information to vote for the deserved.
24.
25. Election campaigns in India takes place for two
weeks, starting from the declaration of the final list
of candidates contesting the elections and
concluding 48 hours before the date of polling.
During this campaign, candidates reach out to the
voters. Political leaders hold election meetings and
rallies for informing the voters about their policies
and persuading them to vote for them.
The main purpose of election is to give people
chance to choose the representative ,the govt and
policies they prefer.
26. Some successful slogans used during campaigns are
“Garibi Hatao” (used by the Congress, led by Indira
Gandhi, in the year 1971), “Save Democracy” (used
by Janata party in 1977), “Land to the Tiller’ (used
by The Left Front in West Bengal Assembly
elections, 1977), etc.
In an election campaign no party or candidate can:
i. Bribe/threaten the voters.
ii. Influence the voters in the name of religion.
iii. Use government resources for campaigning.
iv. Expend more than 25 lakhs for the Lok Sabha
elections and 10 lakhs for the Assembly elections.
27. Hold election propaganda in places of worship.
Use government aircrafts and vehicles, government
officials, etc.
On the announcement of elections, ministers
cannot take policy decisions or start any big
projects.
28. A person, with his name on the voter‟s list can go
to a polling booth, get identified by the officials, get
the mark on his finger, and caste the vote for the
candidate of his choice.
Agents of the candidates are permitted to be seated
inside the polling booths for ensuring that a fair
voting takes place.
Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) are used for
casting votes instead of the ballot paper.
29. Counting of votes begin after few days of election.
The final stage of an election is the day when the
voters cast their vote. That day is usually called the
election day. Every person whose name is on the
voters list can go to a nearby polling booth situated
in a govt schools or offices.
30. In India, elections are conducted by the Election
Commission (EC). It is an autonomous
body, independent of any governmental control.
The President of India appoints the Chief Election
Commission (CEC). The CEC is neither answerable to
the government nor to the President.
EC takes all decisions related to elections. It
declares the election dates and also the results.
31. The EC has the power of punishing those
candidates/parties who violate the Code of
Conduct.
During elections, the EC sets guidelines for the
government, so that government‟s powers are not
misused for winning elections.
32. Voter turnout figures determine the extent of
people‟s participation in the elections. Compared
to North America and Europe where the turnout
has declined over the last 50 years, the figures for
India either stayed stable or increased.
Compared to the USA where the richer and the
white people vote the most, in India the majority of
the voters are the poor, underprivileged and the
illiterate people.
33.
34. If elections are not free/fair, it favours the
powerful/ruling party. Ruling parties lose elections
in India routinely, both in the states and the
national level.
Half of the sitting MPs and MLAs lose elections in
India. This shows that the India voters are well
aware of the functioning of the government and do
not re-elect those representatives that fail in
fulfilling their promises.
35. Candidates with money and muscle power often
lose elections.
The outcome of the elections are normally accepted
by the defeated party as the “people‟s verdict”.
36. Candidates with excessive money enjoy an unfair
advantage over smaller parties/candidates.
Candidates with criminal records dominate others
and remove them from the electoral race by using
coercion.
Some political parties are dominated by families
who try to distribute tickets only to their relatives
and family.
37. Small parties suffer huge setbacks as compared to
big parties.
Because of the above reasons, many organizations
and activists have been demanding a reformed
electoral system.