Demography is the scientific study of human populations, including changes in population size and composition. It focuses on fertility, mortality, marriage, and migration. There are five stages of the demographic cycle: high stationary, early expansion, late expansion, low stationary, and declining. Demographic measurement tools are used to study and measure populations statistically and dynamically, including birth rate, death rate, growth rate, and life expectancy. World population has grown significantly over time, reaching 1 billion in 1800 and over 7 billion currently, with most of the growth occurring in developing countries in Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

1. DEMOGRAPHY
SUJATA MOHAPATRA

2. DEMOGRAPHY
Demography is defined as the scientific study of
human population which includes the study of
changes in population size.
It is focused on :
Changes on population size
The composition of population
The distribution of population

3. DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES
FERTILITY
MORTALITY
MARRIAGE
MIGRATION
SOCIAL MOBILITY

4. DEMOGRAPHIC CYCLE
1) High Stationary Stage/ First stage
2) Early Expansion Stage/ Second Stage
3) Late Expansion Stage/ Third Stage
4) Low Stationary Stage/ Fourth Stage
5) Declining Stage/ Fifth Stage

5. 1) High Stationary Stage/ First
stage
High Birth rate
High death rate
They Nullify each other’s effect
No change in size of population

6. Early Expansion Stage/ Second
Stage
Birth rate remains the same
Death rate decrease
Some increase in population

7. Late Expansion Stage/ Third
Stage
Birth rate increases
Death rate decreases
Tremendous increase in population

8. Low Stationary Stage/ Fourth
Stage
Low Birth rate
Low death rate
They Nullify each other’s effect
No change in size of population

9. Declining Stage/ Fifth Stage
Birth rate lower than death rate.
Negative growth in population

10. Factors influencing population size
 Age at marriage
 Duration of married life
 Family planning
 Environmental sanitation
 Education & Economic status
 Health care facility
 Nutrition
 Caste & religion
 Living standard
 Occupational health & safety
 Effective pharmaceutical

11. DEMOGRAPHIC MEASURMENT
The study & measurement of population using
measurement tools.
Two aspects of demographic measurement:
1. Population Static
2. Population dynamic

12. Demographic measurment tools
• Birth rate
• Death rate
• Growth rate
• Dependency ratio
• Sex ratio
• Density
• Marietal status
• Socioeconomic status
• Population distribution
• Population size
• Life expactancy

13. Demographic Treands in World
• The world population crossed 1 billion nearly by the year
1800AD.
• 80% of population is in the developing of countries of
Asia, Latin America, Africa.
• Among Asian countries China has GR 0.53% & India has
GR 1.64%.
• World’s most populous country is China(21.08%),
India(16.87%), USA(4.63%), Indonesia(3.49%), Brazil
(2.8%)Pakistan(2.58%), Russia(2.42%).

17. AGE & SEX COMPOSITION :
 0-14Yrs :- Male > Female (1.3%)
 60+: - Female> Male (0.6%)

20. SEX RATIO:-
 Sex ratio of India is generally adverse to
woman.
 Highest in Kerala(1,084) & lowest in
Hariyana(877)

22. DEPENDENCY RATIO:
 The proportion of persons above 65 yrs of
age & children below 15 years old age are
considered to be dependent on economically
productive age group(15-64year).
 In 2005 - 59%
 2009- 55%
 2010- 54%
 2011- 54%
 2012- 53%

23. DENSITY OF POPULATION:

24. LITERACY RATE

25. LIFE EXPECTANCY

26. SOURCES OF DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
Census
Registration of Vital Statistics
Sample Registration System
Hospital / Medical Records
Popoulation Survey

27. CHN CONSIDERATIONS
• Documentation
• Analysis of Vital events
• Prediction for Health hazard
• Collection & interpretation of data to identify the
areas health services needed most.
• Planning & Implementation as per the information.

28. SUMMERIZATION