This document summarizes key concepts and trends in demography and population studies. It discusses that nearly 3/4 of the world's population lives in developing countries. India crossed 1 billion people in 2000 and grows by 16 million people per year. Demography is the scientific study of human populations, examining statistics like births, deaths, and disease rates. Key demographic factors include population size, composition, distribution, fertility, mortality, marriage, and migration patterns. Most world population growth occurs in developing nations, with 1/3 of the global population under age 15. The world population is projected to reach 10 billion by 2050.

1. DEMOGRAPHY
Prof Suchitra A Rati

2.  Nearly 3/4 of population is staying in
developing country.
 In 2000 India has crossed I billion of
population and standing 2nd highest position
in the world.
 In India 60,000/day or 16 million
populations population is adding every year.
 Population explosion is one of the major
health problem in India, which extracts much
of medical care services.

3. Demography;
 it is a scientific study of human population
Or it is a branch of science deals about
population
The study of statistics such as births, deaths,
income, or the incidence of disease, which
illustrate the changing structure of human
populations.

4. The demographic phenomenon includes-
 Change in population size
 Composition of population size
 Distribution of population in space

5.  Fertility
 Mortality
 Marriage
 Migration and
 Social mobility

6. Demographic cycle
 This explains the nature of a population like
composition, distribution and frequency of
population in particular area.
 It includes 5 stages through which a nation
passes
 1-First Stage [High Stationary]-characterized
by a high rate of birth and death rate. Where
the population will be constant[1920 India]
 2-Second Stage [Early Expanding]-
characterized by death rate begins to decline,
while birth rate remains unchanged
[improved health condition]ex Africa

7.  3-Third Stage [Late Expanding] death
rates declined further and birth rate
tends to fall population continuous to
grow-ex developing country-China
 4-Fourth stage [low stationary]-
characterized by declined birth rate
and death rate with result of this the
population becomes stationary, ex
Denmark, Sweden etc
 5-Fifth stage [declining]-population
starts declining because birth rate is
lower than the birth rate ex Germany

8. Demographic trends
 World population Is growing176/min,
10564/hr and 253542/day and
 92543000/year
 955 of population growth is in
developing country
 1/3rd of the population is under age of
15 and entering to reproductive age
group
 Reaches to 10 billion population by
2050
 1169million population of India[2007]

9.  Age and sex composition-
Age composition-which indicates the
population according to the age group and
gender, age below 15 is declining and elderly
is increasing which will impose greater
burden on country
Sex composition- female population is
lesser than the male population
 Age pyramid-
which is like pyramid where base is broaden
[with higher under five population and narrow
at the top

10.  Sex ratio-
the number of females per
1000 population, presently male
population is higher than the
female population [1000; 892
 Dependency ratio-
age above 65 and below 15 yr
considered dependency rate
[total dependency is 55%]
 Density of the population-
number of the people living per
square kilometer [363/sq km]-
2004]

11.  Family size-
[total number of people in the family] in
demography ‘the total number of children
women has borne at a point of a time-
3/family [2007-2.8]
 Urbanization-
it is an recent phenomena-migration of
population from rural[village] to urban[city]
285 million in 2001
5161 no urban at the year 2001
]

12.  Literacy and education-
a person is deemed to as literate if he or she
can read and write with understanding in any
language[who can merely read but cont write
is not considered as literate]
 In India
Male; female-76; 54
-Keral -91% and Bihar etc45%
[Govt has made free, compulsory education
up to 14 yr]

13.  Life expectancy-or expectation of life-
at a given age is average number of years
which a person of that age may expected to
live
In India
Male; female-62.3; 65.3

14. Thank you