White light can be split into the colors of the visible light spectrum through the process of dispersion. When light passes through a prism, it refracts differently depending on wavelength - red light refracts the least and violet light refracts the most. This separates white light into the colors of the rainbow spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. The document discusses light dispersion, spectrum, refractive index, reflection and refraction.

8. REFR ACTI VE INDEX AND WAVE - LENGTH The velocity of light in a material, and thus its index of refraction depends on the wavelength of the light. 1.510 700 nm Red 1.517 550 nm Yellow 1.528 434 nm Blue Refractive index Wavelength Colour