ascariasis disease

1. ASCARIASIS A COMMON ROUND
WORM DISEASE
NAME-TULIP TOMAR
GROUP NO.60

2. INTRODUCTION
• ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES IS THE LARGEST NEMATODE (ROUNDWORM).
• ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES IS AN INTESTINAL WORM FOUND IN THE
SMALL INTESTINE OF MAN.
• ACTS AS A PARASITE, GETTING NUTRIENTS FROM ITS HOST'S
INTESTINAL TRACT.
• FRESHLY EXCRETED WORM IS YELLOWISH PINK IN COLOUR, WHICH
GRADUALLY CHANGES TO WHITE. RESEMBLES TO EARTHWORM
• ELONGATED TAPERING TO BOTH END
• SHOWS SEXUAL DIMORPHISM: MALES ARE SMALLER THAN THE
FEMALES.

4. DISEASE CAUSED
• ASCARIASIS IS AN INFECTION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
• CAUSED BY A PARASITE NAMED ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES
• MOST COMMON ROUNDWORM INFECTION.
• PEOPLE GET IT THROUGH UNSAFE FOOD AND WATER.
• USUALLY ASYMPTOMATIC, BUT HIGHER NUMBERS OF ROUNDWORMS
CAN LEAD TO PROBLEMS IN THE LUNGS OR INTESTINES.
• MODE OF TRANSMISSION: FAECO-ORAL ROUTE, BY CONTAMINATED
VEGETABLES OR WATER.

5. LIFE CYCLE
• STAGE I: DEVELOPMENT IN SOIL
• WHEN THE EGGS ARE PASSED IN FAECES, THEIR DEVELOPMENT IS LARGELY
DEPENDENT ON OXYGEN TENSION, MOISTURE CONTENT AND TEMPERATURE OF THEIR
ENVIRONMENT. DUE TO HIGH TEMPERATURE INADEQUATE MOISTURE AND OXYGEN
SUPPLY IN THE HOST’S INTESTINE, THE FERTILIZED EGGS DO NOT START THEIR
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT.
• EMBRYONATION OCCURS IN SOIL AS OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE OF 20-25C WITH
SUFFICIENT MOISTURE AND O2
• INFECTIVE LARVA DEVELOPS WITHIN EGG IN ABOUT 3-6 WEEKS. STAGE II: HUMAN
INFECTION AND LIBERATION OF LARVAE
• HUMAN GET INFECTION WITH INGESTION OF EMBRYONATED EGG CONTAMINATED
FOOD AND WATER
• WITHIN EMBRYONATED EGG, LARVAE DEVELOPS KNOWN AS RHABTITIFORM LARVAE .
LARVAE IS STIMULATED TO HATCH OUT BY THE ACTION OF HOST’S DIGESTIVE JUICE

7. • STAGE III: MIGRATION OF LARVAE TO LUNGS
• HATCHED OUT LARVAE PENETRATES THE INTESTINAL WALL AND CARRIED TO LIVER
THROUGH PORTAL CIRCULATION
• IT THEN TRAVELS VIA BLOOD TO HEART AND TO LUNGS BY PULMONARY
CIRCULATION WITHIN 4-7 DAYS OF INFECTION.
• THE LARVAE IN LUNGS ENLARGES AND ENTERS INTO ALVEOLI. STAGE IV: RE-ENTRY
TO STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE
• FROM ALVEOLI, THE LARVAE THEN PASS UP THROUGH BRONCHI AND INTO TRACHEA
AND THEN SWALLOWED.
• THE LARVAE PASSES DOWN THE OESOPHAGUS TO THE STOMACH AND REACHED
INTO SMALL INTESTINE ONCE AGAIN. SMALL INTESTINE IS THE NORMAL HABITAT OF
ASCARIS AND IT COLONISES HERE.
• WITHIN INTESTINE PARASITE MATURES INTO ADULT WORM. SEXUAL MATURATION
OCCURS WITH 6-10 WEEKS AND THE MATURE FEMALE DISCHARGES ITS EGGS IN
INTESTINAL LUMEN AND EXCRETED ALONG WITH FAECES, CONTINUING THE LIFE
CYCLE.

8. STAGE III MIGRATION OF LARVAE TO LUNGS
• HATCHED OUT LARVAE PENETRATES THE INTESTINAL WALL AND CARRIED TO
LIVER THROUGH PORTAL CIRCULATION
• IT THEN TRAVELS VIA BLOOD TO HEART AND TO LUNGS BY PULMONARY
CIRCULATION WITHIN 4-7 DAYS OF INFECTION.
• THE LARVAE IN LUNGS ENLARGES AND ENTERS INTO ALVEOLI. STAGE IV: RE-
ENTRY TO STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE FROM ALVEOLI, THE LARVAE THEN
PASS UP THROUGH BRONCHI AND INTO TRACHEA AND THEN SWALLOWED. THE
LARVAE PASSES DOWN THE OESOPHAGUS TO THE STOMACH AND REACHED INTO
SMALL INTESTINE ONCE AGAIN. SMALL INTESTINE IS THE NORMAL HABITAT OF
ASCARIS AND IT COLONISES HERE. WITHIN INTESTINE PARASITE MATURES INTO
ADULT WORM.
• SEXUAL MATURATION OCCURS WITH 6-10 WEEKS AND THE MATURE FEMALE
DISCHARGES ITS EGGS IN INTESTINAL LUMEN AND EXCRETED ALONG WITH
FAECES, CONTINUING THE LIFE CYCLE.

9. SYMPTOMS
• PEOPLE WITH ASCARIASIS OFTEN HAVE NO SYMPTOMS.
• SYMPTOMS BECOME MORE NOTICEABLE WHEN THE ROUNDWORM INFESTATION
GROWS. ROUNDWORMS IN INTESTINES CAUSES:
• VOMITING
• IRREGULAR STOOLS OR DIARRHOEA
• INTESTINAL BLOCKAGE, LOSS OF APPETITE
• VISIBLE WORMS IN THE STOOL
• WEIGHT LOSS DUE TO MALABSORPTION
• COUGHING . SHORTNESS OF BREATH
• BLOOD IN MUCUS . CHEST DISCOMFORT. FEVER

10. DIAGNOSIS
• DOCTORS GENERALLY MAKE THE DIAGNOSIS BY EXAMINING A STOOL
SAMPLE FOR PARASITES IF DIAGNOSED WITH ASCARIASIS, MAY NEED
MORE TESTS SUCH AS:
• X-RAYS ,CT SCANS ,ULTRASOUNDS ,MRI SCANS ,ENDOSCOPY ,
• IMAGING TESTS CAN SHOW-HOW MANY WORMS HAVE GROWN TO
MATURITY WHERE MAJOR GROUPS OF WORMS ARE INSIDE THE BODY
• SEROLOGY — INFECTED INDIVIDUALS MAKE ANTIBODIES TO A.
LUMBRICOIDES WHICH CAN BE DETECTED.
• TREATMENT ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS SUCH AS : MEBENDAZOLE
,ALBENDAZOLE , PIPERAZINE CITRATE

11. PREVENTION
• WASH YOUR HANDS WITH SOAP AND WATER BEFORE HANDLING FOOD.
• WASH YOUR HANDS WITH SOAP AND WATER AFTER TOUCHING OR
HANDLING PIGS, CLEANING PIG PENS, OR HANDLING PIG MANURE.
• TEACH CHILDREN THE IMPORTANCE OF WASHING HANDS TO PREVENT
INFECTION.
• SUPERVISE CHILDREN SO THAT THEY DO NOT PUT UNWASHED HANDS
IN THEIR MOUTHS.
• WASH, PEEL, OR COOK ALL RAW VEGETABLES AND FRUITS BEFORE
EATING, PARTICULARLY THOSE THAT HAVE BEEN GROWN IN SOIL THAT