2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Slide
number
Present –ar, -er, -ir endings 1-
2
Stem changers 3
Irregular “yo” 4
Saber vs. Conocer 5
Reflexives 6
“Se” impersonal 7
Dipthongs with accents 8
Verbs like -ger/-gir, -uir/-guir, -cer/-cir 9
Hace +____+ que +______
10
Imperfecto
11
Preterite 12-
14
Comparatives and Superlatives
15
Futuro
16-17
3. PRESENT TENSE –AR/-ER/-IR
In the present tense for verbs ending in –ar
Person talked about Replaces -ar at the end
Yo o
Tú as
Él/Ella/Usted a
Nosotros amos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes an
In the present tense for verbs ending in -er
Person talked about Replaces -er at the end
Yo o
Tú es
Él/Ella/Usted E
Nosotros emos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes en
4. PRESENT TENSE –AR/-ER/-IR CONT’D
In the present tense for verbs ending in -ir
Person talked about Replaces -ei at the end
Yo o
Tú Es
Él/Ella/Usted E
Nosotros imos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes en
5. STEM CHANGERS
Also called “Boot verbs” it changes in all but nosotros.
More than just the ending changes. The vowel in the stem
changes.
3 catergories. eie, o ue, and ei.
Common e ie verbs- Tener, Preferir
Common oue verbs- Dormir, Poder, Jugar
*Common ei verbs- Decir, Repetir, Servir.
* This stem change only happens in –Ir verbs!
6. IRREGULAR “YO” FORM
caber (to fit) yo quepo poner (to put, to place)yo
caer (to fall) yo caigo pongo
conducir (to drive) yo saber (to know something -
conduzco a fact)yo sé
conocer (to know,) yo salir (to leave)yo salgo
conozco seguir (to follow)yo sigo
escoger (to choose )yo traer (to bring)yo traigo
escojo valer (to be worth)yo valgo
dirigir (to direct) yo dirijo ver (to see)yo veo
hacer (to do, to make) yo
hago
7. SABER VS. CONOCER
When using saber it mean that you know a
fact or how to do something.
When using conocer it means you know a
person or are familiar with something.
8. REFLEXIVES
When refering to a person doing an action.
Person talked about Reflexive pronoun
Yo Me
Tú Te
Él/Ella/Usted Se
Nosotros Nos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes Se
9. “SE” IMPERSONAL
When using an impersonal voice like “How
do you spell truck?” in Spanish you place
“se” in front to make it a general statements.
10. DIPTHONGS WITH ACCENTS
Here are some fairly common words that
include diphthongs : puerto, tierra, siete,
hay, cuida, ciudad, labio, hacia, paisano,
canción, Europa, aire.
11. VERBS LIKE GER/GIR, UIR/GUIR, CER/CIR
For verbs that end in ger/gir, In the first
person change the g to a j.
In guir verbs, in the yo form the gu changes
to g.
In uir verbs add a y before a, e and, o.
For cer/cir verbs, in the yo form, change the
c to a z.
12. HACE+ ______+QUE+_____
The second blank is to be filled with a verb in
either the present or preterite form.
The First Black is filled with an expression of
time
13. IMPERFECTO
A past tense form for events without a specific time.
For –er/-ir endings For –ar endings
Person talked about Replaces -ar at the Person talked Replaces -ar at the
end about end
Yo ía Yo aba
Tú Ías Tú abas
Él/Ella/Usted Ía Él/Ella/Usted aba
Nosotros Íamos Nosotros ábamos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes ían Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes aban
Trigger words Irregulars
Trigger Words Translation Ser Ir Ver
a menudo Often Era iba Veía
A veces Sometimes
Eras Ibas Veías
Cada dia everyday
Era Iba Veía
Cada año Every year
Con frecuencia frequently éramos Íbamos Veíamos
generalmente Usually Erais Ibais Veíais
siempre always eran Iban veían
14. PRETERITE TENSE IRREGULARS
In irregular car,gar, zar verbs only the yo
form changes. Gar g to gu car c to qu
zar z to c
Spock Verbs Hacer
Ir/Ser Dar/Ver
Yo Fui D/V -i Hice
Tú Fuiste D/V –iste Hiciste
El/Ella/Usted Fue D/V –io Hizo
Nosotros Fuimos D/V –imos Hicimos
Ustedes/Ello Fueron D/V- ieron Hicieron
s /Ellas
16. PRETERITE IRREGULAR
In snake Verbs only the El/Ella/Usted form and Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes for changes
Snakeys verbs are also like this except the I in these forms changes to a y
Dormí Leí
Dormiste Leiste
Durmió Leyo
Dormimos Leimos
Durmieron leyeron
Snakes Snakeys
Preterite Trigger Words
el otro día the other day
el año pasado last year
Ayer yesterday
una vez once
Anoche last night
la semana pasada last week
17. COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
To form the comparisons of equality using adjectives or adverbs, use the following formula:
tan + adjective (adverb) + como
To form comparisons of equality with nouns, use the following formula:
tanto(-a,-os,-as) + noun + como
In Spanish, inequality is expressed by using one of the following formulae:
más (menos) + adjective + que
más (menos) + adverb + que
más (menos) + noun + que
The absolute superlative for adjectives has three possible forms.
muy + adjective
sumamente + adjective
adjective + ísimo (-a, -os, -as)
In Spanish, the relative superlative construction is similar to the comparative.
definite article + noun + más (menos) + adjective + de
18. FUTURO
The future tense is used to tell what "will"
happen, or what "shall" happen.
Regular verbs in the future tense are
conjugated by adding the following endings
to the infinitive form of the verb: -é, -ás, -á, -
emos, -éis, -án
19. FUTURO
Irregulars Trigger words
Decir Dir- Mañana
Haber Habr- Pasado mañana
Hacer Har- Año que viene
Poder Podr- Año proximo
Poner Pondr es un/ dos/tres horas
Querer Querr-
Saber Sabr-
Salir Saldr-
Tener Tendr-
Valer Valdr-
Venir Vendr-
