1. Tato Hannaford

2.  Present Tense  Imperfect
 Irregulars
 Stem Changers  Trigger Words
 Irregular yo verbs  Preterite
 Saber v. Conocer  Irregular Car/Gar/Zar
 Spock Verbs
 Reflexive verbs
 Cucaracha
 Se Impersonal  Snakes/Snakeys
 Verbs similar to gustar  Trigger Words
 Irregular verbs ending  Comparatives/Superlativ
es
in cer/cir, guir/uir,  Future
ger,gir  Irregulars
 Hacer expressions  Trigger Words

3.  Preterite/imperfect
 Future/conditional
 Por y para
 Commands
 Present perfect
 Double object pronouns
 Adverbs
 Subjunctive
 Se impersonal
 progressive

4. AR IR/ER
o amos o imos
as es
a an e en
Ir estar ser dar
voy estoy soy doy
vas estas eres das
Va esta es da
vamos estamos somo damos
van estan son dan

5.  Have a stem change except in the nosotros
Pensar E-IE
Pienso Pensamos
Piensas
Piensa Piensan

6. Go verbs • Tener-Tengo
• Decir-Digo
G to J • Proteger-Protejo
• Dirigir-Dirijo
C to zc • Conocer-Conozcer
• Obedecer-Obedezcer
C to Z • Cocer-Cuezo
• Mecer-Mezo

7. SABER CONOCER
 To know a fact, info, or  To be fimiliar with
data. people, places, or
general concepts.
Saber
se sabemos Conocer
sabes Conozco Conocemos
sabe saben conoces
conoce Conocen

8. Me Te Se Nos Se
Myself Yourself Your/her/hi Ourselves Yourselves
m/ its-self Themselves
Reflexive verbs
Lavarse Llamarse
Me Lavo Levantarse
Te Lavas Acostarse
Se Lava Ponerse
Nos Lavamos Vestirse
Se Lavan Sentarse

9.  Isn’t directed to a specific person, but to people
in general.
 Using the pronoun se in front of verbs to make
general statements. Impersonal voice using se
will use a singular verb since the se can be
replaced by uno.
 Example: ¿Cómo se dice hola en italiano?

10.  When gustar is
followed by one or
more verbs in the
infinitive, take
singular form.
 Gustar is used in the
conditional to soften
requests.

12. Hacer Expressions
are used to
express how long
an action is
taking.

13.  No definite beginning or end
 Uncompleted action
 Descriptive tense- who, what, where, when
AR Verbs ER/IR Verbs
Aba ábamos Ía Íamo
abas Ías
aba aban Ía Ían

15. Todo el Todos Cada Simpre Mucha Amuen Frecue
tiempo los dios mes s veces do ntemen
te
All the Everyd Every always Many often frequen
time ay month times tly

16. qué aste ó amos aron
Car
gué aste ó amos aron
Gar
cé aste ó amos aron
Zar

17. Ir/ser Dar/Var
Fui D/Vi
Fuiste D/viste
Fue D/vio
Fuimo D/viemo
s s
fueron D/vieron

18. Andar Anduv-
Estar Estuv- é imos
Poder Pud-
Poner Pus-
iste
Querer Quis-
Saber Sup-
Tener Tuv- ó ieron
Vener Vin-
Conducir Producir Traducir Decir Traer
Conduj- Produj- Traduj- Dij- Traj-
é iste imos ó eron

19. Leer
Dormir
Leí Leimos
Dormí Dormimos
Leiste
Dormiste
leyó leyeron
Durmío Durmieron

20.  Ayer- yesterday
 Anoche- last night
 Despues- afterwards
 La semana pesada- last week
 El mes pesado- last month
 El ańo pasado- last year
 El fin de semana pasado- last weekend

21. Comparatives
Superlatives
El/la noun Mas/Menos Adjective De

22.  Talks about something someone will do in the
future.
ER/IR/AR
é emos
ás
á án

23. Semana Mańana Próxima Próxima Próxima En+
próxima ańo Hora dia (number)
+ ano, dia
, etc..
Decir Dir
Haber Habr
Hacer Har
Poder Podre
Poner Pondr
Querer Querr
Saber Sabr
Salir Saldr
Tener Tendr
Valer Valdr
Venir Vendr

24. IMPERFECT PRETERITE
No definite Uncompleted Descriptive
beginning or action tense- who,
end what, where,
when
AR ER/IR
Verbs Verbs
Aba ábamo Ía Íamo AR Ir/Er
s Verbs Verbs
abas Ías
é amos í imos
aba aban Ía Ían aste iste
ió aron ó ieron

25. CONDITIONAL FUTURE
 Would should or could  Talks about something
 Infinitive+ ía, ías, ía, someone will do in the
íamos, ían. future.

26. POR PARA
 Cause or reason  purpose
 Length of time/  Time limit
duration of an action  Destination/movement
 Movement through/ by towards a place
a place  Address
 Agent  comparison
 Substitution

27. 1st •Take the yo form of the verb
•Drop the o and add the opposite ending
2nd •Ar to e
•Ir/er to a
•If its plural add a n
example
•Hablar
• hablo
•hable

28.  Tener-tenga
 Venir-venga
 Dar/Decir-de or diga
 Ir-vaya
 Ser-sea
 Hacer-haga
 Estoy-este
 Saber-sepa

29.  Conjugate the verb in the tu form.
 Drop the s
 Example: hablar-hable

30.  Decir- di
 Hacer- haz
 Ir- ve
 Poner- pon
 Salir- sal
 Tener- ten
 Venir- ven

31.  Put the verb in the negative form drop the o
 Add the opposite tu ending
 Example: hablar- no hables

32.  Tener- tengas
 Venir- vengas
 Decir- digas
 Ir- vayas
 Ser- sayas
 Hacer- hagas
 Estar-estes
 Saber- sepas

33.  Put the verb in the yo form and drop the o
 Add opposite nosotros ending
 Example: hablar- hablemos
 With reflexive verbs drop the s on the
command form before attaching the reflexive
pronoun
 Example: levantemos- nos levantemonos

34.  To tell what you have or have not done
 Used when speaking about something that was
true in the past and is still true in the present
 Also to indicate an action that was recently
completed
haber
Er- ido he hemos
has han
ha

35.  Abrir-abierto
 Cubrir-cubierto
 Dicer-dicho
 Escribir-escrito
 Hacer-hecho
 Morir-muerto
 Poner-puesto
 Resolver-resuelto
 Romper-roto
 Ver-visto
 Volver-vuelto
 Ir-ido

36.  DOP must be placed in front of the negative
command form with no accents
 DOP must be attached to the end of the
affirmative command
 Id both the IOP and DOP are used, the IOP
comes before the DOP
Me Te Lo/la Nos Los/Las

37.  Adverbs are formed by changing the word to
its feminine form and adding –mente to the
end of an adjective.
 Example: dificil-dificilmente
 Another way to form an adverb is by adding
con before an adjective
 Example: perfecto-con perfecto

38.  Used to display doubt disbelief or uncertainty

39. tener ser saber
venir hacer ir
estar decir

40. Es bueno Es malo Es mejor
que… que… que…
Es
Es necessario Es urgente
importante
que… que…
que…

41.  Se can be used in all tenses
 Use se to avoid talking about a specific person
doing an action
 When using se the verb is always in 3rd person

42.  Used to describe an action that is currently
happening.
 Conjugate estar and put the second verb in the
present participle.
 To form a present participle you must put ando
or iendo to the end of the verb.
Er/ir-
Ar-ando
iendo

43. Juan esta
Juan is eating
comiendo
bread
pan