The document provides an overview of Intel's Pentium architecture and its evolution from initial microprocessors introduced in 1969 through various iterations up to modern Intel Core processors. It describes the features and capabilities of different Pentium models, their compatibility with previous architectures, and how subsequent chips like the Core i3, i5, and i7 have improved performance and energy efficiency. Key technological advancements such as multiprocessing, turbo boost, and enhanced caching mechanisms are also highlighted.

1. THE PENTIUM ARCHITECYURE

2. WHY THE NAME PENTIUM ?????
 Intel wanted to prevent their competitors from branding
their processors with similar names.
 Pentium is a registered trademark that is included
in the brand names of many of Intel's x86-
compatible microprocessors, The name Pentium
was derived from the Greek pente (πέντε), meaning
'five.

3. PENTIUM FAMILY
 Intel introduced microprocessors in 1969
 4-bit microprocessor 4004
 8-bit microprocessors
 8080
 8085
 16-bit processors
 8086 introduced in 1979
 20-bit address bus, 16-bit data bus
 8088 is a less expensive version
 Uses 8-bit data bus
 Can address up to 4 segments of 64 KB
 Referred to as the real mode

4. PENTIUM FAMILY (CONT’D)
 80186
 A faster version of 8086
 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus
 Improved instruction set
 80286 was introduced in 1982
 24-bit address bus
 16 MB address space
 Enhanced with memory protection capabilities
 Introduced protected mode
 Segmentation in protected mode is different from the
real mode
 Backwards compatible

5. PENTIUM FAMILY (CONT’D)
 80386 was introduced 1985
 First 32-bit processor
 32-bit data bus and 32-bit address bus
 4 GB address space
 Segmentation can be turned off (flat model)
 Introduced paging
 80486 was introduced 1989
 Improved version of 386
 Combined coprocessor functions for performing floating-
point arithmetic
 Added parallel execution capability to instruction decode
and execution units
 Achieves scalar execution of 1 instruction/clock
 Later versions introduced energy savings for laptops

6. PENTIUM FAMILY (CONT’D)
 Pentium (80586) was introduced in 1993
 Similar to 486 but with 64-bit data bus
 Wider internal datapaths
 128- and 256-bit wide
 Added second execution pipeline
 Superscalar performance
 Two instructions/clock
 Doubled on-chip L1 cache
 8 KB data
 8 KB instruction
 Added branch prediction

7. PENTIUM FAMILY (CONT’D)
 Pentium Pro was introduced in 1995
 Three-way superscalar
 3 instructions/clock
 36-bit address bus
 64 GB address space
 Introduced dynamic execution
 Out-of-order execution
 Speculative execution
 In addition to the L1 cache
 Has 256 KB L2 cache

8. PENTIUM FAMILY (CONT’D)
 Pentium II was introduced in 1997
 Introduced multimedia (MMX) instructions
 Doubled on-chip L1 cache
 16 KB data
 16 KB instruction
 Introduced comprehensive power management features
 Sleep
 Deep sleep
 In addition to the L1 cache
 Has 256 KB L2 cache
 Pentium III, Pentium IV,…

9. PENTIUM FAMILY (CONT’D)
 Itanium processor
 RISC design
 Previous designs were CISC
 64-bit processor
 Uses 64-bit address bus
 128-bit data bus
 Introduced several advanced features
 Speculative execution
 Predication to eliminate branches
 Branch prediction

10. PENTIUM ADDRESSING MODES
 addressing modes :
 Immediate
 Register operand
 Displacement
 Base
 Base with displacement
 Scaled index with displacement
 Base with index and displacement
 Base scaled index with displacement
 Relative

11. PENTIUM INSTRUCTION FORMAT

12. PENTIUM REGISTERS
 Four 32-bit registers can be used as
 Four 32-bit register (EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX)
 Four 16-bit register (AX, BX, CX, DX)
 Eight 8-bit register (AH, AL, BH, BL, CH, CL, DH, DL)
 Some registers have special use
 ECX for count in loop instructions

13. THE PENTIUM PROCESSOR
 Upward compatibility has been maintained.
 It can run all programs written for any 80x86 line, but
does so at a double the speed of fastest 80486.
 Pentium is mixture of both CISC and RISC technologies.
 All the prior 80x86 processor are considered as CISC
processor.
 The addition of RISC aspects lead to additional
performance improvement.

14.  It uses 64 bit data bus to address memory organized in
8 banks, each bank contains 512 MB of data.
 Each bank can store a byte of data.
 All these bank enable signals are active low.
B3B7 B6 B5 B4 B2 B1 B0
BE0BE7 BE6 BE5 BE4 BE3 BE2 BE1
Memory System of Pentium
64 bit

15. PENTIUM™ PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE
Divide
Add
64 bit bus
Interface
Code Cache
Prefetch Buffers
Integer
ALU
Integer
ALU
Register Set
Data Cache
Branch Prediction
Pipelined
Floating-Point
Unit
Multiply
U pipe V pipeline
32 bits
64 bits
256 bits

16. INTEL CORE MICROARCHITECTURE
 64-bit cores
 Wide dynamic execution (execute four instructions
simultaneously)
 Intelligent power capability (power gating)
 Advanced smart cache (shares L2 cache between
cores)
 Smart memory access (memory disambiguation)
 Advanced digital media boost
See the demo at
http://www.intel.com/technology/architecture/coremi
cro/demo/demo.htm?iid=tech_core+demo

17. CACHE MEMORY
 The Pentium contains two 8K-byte cache.
 An 8 byte instruction cache, which stores the instruction.
 An 8 byte data cache, stores the data used by the
instructions.
 In the 80486 with unified cache, a program that was data
intensive quickly fills the cache, allowing less room for
instructions.
 In Pentium this cannot occur because of the separate
instruction cache.

18. PIPELINING
 It is a technique used to enable one instruction to complete with
each clock cycle.
 In Pentium there are two instruction pipelines, the U pipeline
and V pipeline.
 These pipelines are responsible for executing 80x86
instructions.
 During Execution the U and V pipelines are capable of
executing two integer instructions at the same time and one
floating point instructions.

20. 4TH GENERATION INTEL CORE
PROCESSOR & ADVANTAGES
 4th Generation Intel Core processor, more
advanced, faster and new line of low-power
processor, have arrived in 2013, aims to set
a new standard for mobile computing
experience and innovative Ultrabook, and
tablets designs

21. INTEL I3 PROCESSOR.
 The only question I have is if there's any
advantage to using a Core i3 over a
Core2Duo.
 The Core i3 is a 3.2 GHz dual core chip,
and it's quite a big improvement over the
Core2Duo. It's a good 700 MHz faster,
much faster bus with significantly faster
RAM.
 The first Core i3 processors were launched
on January 7, 2010.

22. FEATURE OF I3
 The Core i3 is a 3.2 GHz dual core chip,
and it's quite a big improvement over the
Core2Duo.
 It's a good 700 MHz faster, much faster bus
with significantly faster RAM.
 Uses less heat and energy than earlier
processors, which is always a good thing in
this day and age.

23. INTEL I5 PROCESSOR.
 I5 provides the opportunity to the users to use the
system with multi tasking.
 A big feature of the I5 processors is that they have
ability to run two multitasking processors together
that are generally called as dual processors and
can increase the working performance of the
system efficiently.
 Turbo boost technology of I5 processors is the key
beneficial feature of the I5 processors that allow the
users to do their regular and important working with
the help of heavy applications.

24. FEATURES OF I5 PROCESSOR.
 I5 processors have ability to work with integrated memory and
can enhance the performance of the applications. The
increase the memory up to 1333 MHz
 as I5 processors have high speed performing rate so they are
able to perform at the maximum CPU rate of 3.6 GHz
 turbo technology is present in the device that boost up the
working speed of the computational systems
 It provides the 64 bit architecture for the users for the reliable
working.
 Micro architecture for the I5 processors was presented by the
Nehalem and these processors have a cache rate up to 8 MB.

25. INTEL I7 PROCESSOR.
 Intel developed different types processors for the
users for the sake of faster working as compared to
the previous versions. After the development of I3
and I5 processor Intel introduces a new version i.e.
I7 processor that is comparatively faster than the
old ones. Basically I7 processors were designed to
meet the challenges of the intelligent and the faster
working performance of the computer system. They
were designed in 2008 and were announced in
2009 just after the I5 processors.

26. FEATURE OF I7 PROCESSOR.
 With the help of I7 processors users can enjoy the high speed
working with the additional feature of the multitasking i.e. using two
different documents or the files at the same time.
 Dual core technology is also a part of I7 processors that provide
reliable and high data rate working performance to the customers.
 A big feature of the I7 processors is the Turbo Boost technology. This
technology provides the high performance to the system to the users
to overcome the work load of different applications on the system and
maintain the speed of the system.
 Like I5 and I3 processors I7 also have a feature of Hyper threading
technology enhances the activity and the speed of the system by
managing the multitasking, work load and different types of heavier
applications of the users.
 I7 processors are so advanced to deals with the integrated memory of
e system and have ability to increase the memory up to 1066 Mbits
and provide the working speed of 25.6 GB/sec.

27. THANK YOU