5. •It helps to find how the
relationships are made within a
group and how the forces act
within the group members in a
social setting.
6. •It helps to recognize
the formation of
group and how a
group should be
organized, lead and
promoted.
7. Nature of Group Dynamics
• Normative view
• set of
techniques
• Internal nature
of groups
8. Characteristics of Group
Dynamics
• Groups develop a number of
dynamic processes (norms,
roles, relations, development,
need to belong, social
influence, and effects on
behavior) that separate them
from a random collection of
individuals.
9. • Members of
the group
must have a
strong sense
of belonging
to the group.
•The groups arise and
function owing to common
motives.
10. Theories of Group Formation
• Propinquity
people associate with
one another due to
geographical
proximity.
11. • Social System Theory
members of the group
interact and mutually
influence each other’s
behavior
Since they constitute as
a single entity, they are
bounded with a set of
interrelated activities.
12. • Balance Theory
People who have
similar attitudes
toward certain
objects & goals
tend to be
attracted to each
other & form a
group.
13. • Exchange Theory
Reward-cost outcome serve as the
basis of group formation.
rewards are greater than the costs
incurred.
15. 1)Forming
– members first get
together during this stage
- Clear and strong
leadership is required
from the team leader to
ensure the group
members feel the clarity
and comfort required to
evolve to the next stage.
16. 2) Storming
Members are beginning to voice
their individual differences, join with
others who share the same beliefs, and
jockey for position in the group.
17. 3) Norming
Members are
beginning to share a
common commitment
to the purpose of the
group, including its
overall goals and how
each of the goals can
be achieved.
18. • The team is
working effectively 4) Performing
and efficiently
toward achieving its
goals.
•The style of leadership
becomes more indirect
as members take on
stronger participation
and involvement in the
group process.
19. 5) Adjourning
• It is clear to
members and their
organization that
the team has
achieved its goals
or a major
milestone along
the way toward
the goal.
20. Group Norms
• An unwritten, often
implicit rule that defines
what attitudes and
behaviors characterized a
“good” group member
VS a “bad” group
member.
21. • Norms guide behavior
and reduce ambiguity in
groups.
22. Group Processes
• The understanding of the
behavior of people in groups,
such as task groups, that are
trying to solve a problem or
make a decision.
23. Types of Group Processes
• Social Loafing
• Synergy
• Social Facilitation
effect
24. Two Dimensions of Group
Processes
• Task Dimension
• Social Dimension
25. Group Structure
• A pattern of
relationships
among members
that hold the group
together and help it
achieve assigned
goals.
26. Group Cohesiveness and
Productivity
• Cohesiveness refers to the bonding of
group members and their desire to
remain part of the group. Many factors
influence the amount of group
cohesiveness.
• Productivity – the quality of being
productive
27.
28. Group Decision-Making
• a type of participatory process in
which multiple individuals acting
collectively, analyze problems or
situations, consider and evaluate
alternative courses of action, and
select from among the alternatives
a solution or solutions.
30. • When the task,maintenance, and
individual needs levels are in
balance, the group becomes
markedly more effective and
productive.
• When one or more level is
neglected, the efficiency and
productivity of the group is
impaired.
34. Ethics in small groups
• Individual Group member
- “I didn’t finish the research
task. Should I make an
excuse? Or tell my group
what happened: that I
attended personal matter for
the weekend instead of
doing my research?”
35. • Group
- “Anna’s group finds a
published study that is
identical to its project.
The group members are
pressed for time to
complete the research.
Should they just copy the
study, making a few
minor changes?”
36. • Group environment-task
- “An organizational task force on safety
identifies several current practices that put
organization members at risk. Changing all
those practices will cost the organization
millions of pesos. Should the task force report
all the findings to management? Report only
those that would be less costly?”
37. Ethical Responsibilities as a
Group
• Be assertive.
• Behave with the group’s good in mind.
• Commitment to fair play.
• Expect to give and receive a fair hearing.
• Willing to take on a participant/analyst role.
• Leaders should model appropriate behavior.
• Establish small teams.
38. • Encourage diversity.
• Determine purpose, procedures, and roles.
• Acknowledge and manage conflicts.
• Cultivate good communication skills.
• Advance an environment of open communication.
• Encourage collaboration and discourage
competition.
• Share leadership.
• Create sense of fairness in making decisions.
• Lighten up.
• Continually assess performance.
39. Ethical Responsibilities as
members of the Group
• Understanding of group’s purpose and goals
• Inter-communication
• Objective on the group’s function
• Balance between group productivity and
individual needs
• High degree of cohesiveness
• Understand values and limitations of
democratic methods
