The document discusses group dynamics and decision making. It defines what constitutes a group and explores the nature of groups, including that they require at least two people, interaction, a reasonable size, shared goals and stability. It examines reasons for group formation such as warmth, support, power, affiliations and recognition. The document also covers types of groups, models of group behavior, determinants of group cohesion and techniques for group decision making.

1. GROUP DYNAMICS

2. WHAT IS A GROUP
 A collection of two or more interacting
individuals with a stable pattern of interaction
between them who share common goals and
who perceive themselves to be a group.
 Hence it is an outcome of :-
- Mutual interaction
- Regular face to face interaction
- Sustained period of time
- Shared interest
- Mutual awareness and collective identity

3. THE NATURE OF GROUPS

4. 1. TWO OR MORE PERSONS
 Atleast two members are
required for the existence
of a group
 Dependency on each
other
 Awareness that the job
success cannot be
achieved without each
others success

5. 2. INTERACTION
 Each member must
interact with one more
member on a regular
basis.
 Communication is
necessitated- face to
face, telephonic,
computer, etc

6. 3. REASONABLE SIZE
 Tendency to grow upto
any size
 Groups of reasonable
size are ideal for an
organization
 Large groups hinders
the flow of
communication

7. 4. SHARED GOAL INTEREST
 The efforts of every
member should be
purported for
realization of
common goal
 Each member
needs to share
common interest

8. 5. STABILITY
 Groups must have stable
structure
 Groups tend to change,
but there must be
consistency in there
relationship.
 Group stability enables
the members to be
together and keep
functioning as a unit.

9. 6. COLLECTIVE IDENTITIY
 Each member believes
that he is a member of
or is a participant in
some specific group
 Hence the awareness
of each other clearly
differentiates a group
from a mere collection
of persons

10. WARMTH
&
GOAL SUPPORT
ACCOMPLISHMENT
POWER
REASONS FOR
GROUP
PROXIMITY
FORMATION
AFFILIATIONS
RECOGNITION
SECURITY

11. 1.Warmth & Support
-Groups provide love, warmth & support
- Sense of being loved and belongingness
motivates employees to perform better
-While, the solitary & the feeling of
confinement brings dissatisfaction among
the employees
2. POWER
-Unity has a considerable strength
-What cannot be achieved individually can be
realised through joint coordinated efforts

12. 3. AFFILIATIONS
- A regular, healthy interaction among members has
a soothing effect on psychology
- Exchanging smiles, chatting, group participation
leads to a sense of togetherness
- Some members have a genuine appetite for such
lively social interactions
4. RECOGNITION
- Work group is a primary source of recognition,
esteem & status for many individuals
- Membership in a high status group can help an
individual acquire esteem and praise in the eyes of
people outside the group.

13. 5. PROXIMITY
- People tend to form groups with people who
live or work together in close surroundings
-Proximity makes it possible to learn about each
others characteristics, exchange ideas &
attitudes regarding on & off the job activities
6. GOAL ACCOMPLISHMENT
- The pool of acumen, specialization, experience
enables to resolve complex organisational
problems
-The collective & coordinated efforts of members
provide a synergetic effect in accomplishing the
goals

14. TYPES OF GROUPS
1.Formal Groups
2.Informal Groups

15. MODELS OF GROUP BEHAVIOUR
1. Moreno’s Sociometric Analysis
2. Homans Model

16. SOCIOGRAM REPRESENTATIONS
Like
Dislike D
A
B
Can you identify?
1. The Isolate
2. The Leader
3. Any Alliances
E C

17. SOCIOGRAM REPRESENTATIONS
Like
Dislike
D
A
B
1. Isolate = D
2. Leader = A
3. Alliances = A &
E C
B, C & E

18. HOMANS MODEL
• Activity
• Interaction
• Sentiments

19. GROUP COHESION
• The concept of cohesion has been an
important factor in the study of group
behavior and its significance is often a
source of motivation for group leaders.
• Cliches such as "Together We Stand,
Divided We Fall", "There is No I in Team",
or "Players Play, Teams Win" are often
used to show individuals the importance of
team cohesion.

20. Cohesion = Attraction, Liking
Attraction
between
members
Attraction Cohesion
Attraction
to the
group-as-
a-whole

21. Cohesion = Unity
 Cohesive groups stick together as
members “cohere” to one another &the
group
 The group is unified; solidarity is high in
the group.
 Members report feeling a sense of
belonging to the group

22. Cohesion = Unity
Group
Unity
Unity Cohesion
Belonging
(part of
the group)

23. DETERMINANTS OF GROUP COHESIVENESS
Location
Status

24. GROUP DECISION MAKING
Group Decision Making is an activity based on the adage that
“two heads are better than one”. It permits the coming together
of people with heterogeneous characteristics who can
understand the problem in a better way and hence, develop
creative alternatives leading to effective group performance.
Most decision in organization are made in a group context
only.
Group Vs. The Individual.

25. The Decision-
Making Process
Define the Evaluate Implement the
Problem Alternatives chosen Alternative
Gather facts and Select the best Follow up and evaluate
develop alternative. the chosen alternative.
alternatives.

26. STRENGTH OF GROUP DECISION MAKING
 Greater knowledge & information.
 More approaches to a problem.
 Increased acceptance.
 Better comprehension of the decision.

27. WEAKNESSES OF GROUP DECISION
MAKING.
 Time consuming.
 Pressures to conform.
 Individual domination.
 Conflicting alternative solutions.
 The problem of responsibility.

28. GROUP DECISION MAKING TECHNIQUES.
ORDINARY GROUP INTERACTION
Members meet face to face.
Rely on verbal and non verbal interaction to communicate each
other.
Interacting groups often censor themselves and pressure
individual members toward conformity of opinion.
BRAINSTORMING
Process for generating ideas.
Members express themselves freely, means as many alternatives
as they can give.
No criticism is allowed.

29. NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE
 Restrict verbal interaction between members.
 A nominal group is simply a paper group.
 The essential idea is to restrict interpersonal communication and
increase the deliberation and contribution of individual members.
 It is superior to real groups in terms of number of ideas, uniqueness of
ideas and quality of ideas.

30. DELPHI TECHNIQUE
Members in Delphi technique are physically dispersed and do
not meet face to face.
The key to Delphi process is the anonymous input.
The anonymous tends to eliminate the counter productive
effects that status, intimidation, emotion, face saving and
argumentation can have in traditional interacting group decision
making procedures.
This technique is used for long range forecasting.

31. Any Questions?
THANK YOU!