1. intro 2. structural elements and manufacturing 3.case studies 4. advantages and disadvantages

1. BLD 60304
CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY 3
GROUP MEMBERS:
• Farah Aida Sham
• Lin Hui
• Koh Eee Sing

2. INTRODUCTION

3. INTRODUCTION OF TIMBER FRAME
• Structures that carry the loads through
their beams and girders to column and to
the ground.
• Form a skeletal structure to support the
weight and the number of load carrying
member.
• To transfer heavy loads over large spans.
• Normally used to build bridges,
warehouse, parking loads, industrial
building and sport facilities and so on.

4. PREFABRICATED TIMBER FRAMING SYSTEM
• Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of
a structure in a factory.
• Complete Frame will be transport to the construction site
• These completed frame will be lifted into place by a crane and bolted
together

5. CLASSIFICATION OF TIMBER
TIMBER
GROUP
STRENGTH
GROUP
A
EXTREMELY
STRONG
GROUP
B
VERY
STRONG
GROUP
C
STRONG
GROUP
D
WEAK
• Only timber from Group A and Group B can be used as prefabricated timber
framing system as timbers from other groups are not strong enough.

6. EXAMPLES OF TIMBER FROM GROUP A & B
Bakau
Cengal
Kekatong
Keranji
Resak

7. STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
MANUFACTURING

8. PROBLEMS WITH UNPRESERVED TIMBER
• Wood
Rot
• Weather
• Water/
Dampness
• Termites
• Fungal
AIack

9. TIMBER PRESERVATION
Water
Borne
PreservaLves
-­‐Causes
swelling
-­‐Made
from
mixture
of
salt
and
water
-­‐Water
evaporates
leaving
toxic
salts
as
preservaLves
-­‐Pressure
impregnated
-­‐Indoor
use
-­‐
Leaves
a
dry,
clean,
paintable
surface.
-­‐Suitable
for
ResidenLal
use
-­‐Borate
-­‐Copper
Chrome
Arsenic
(CCA)
-­‐AlternaLves
to
(CCA)
Copper
Azules
(CuAz)
&
Alkaline
Copper
Quaternary
(ACQ)
Oil-­‐Borne
PreservaLves
-­‐Pressure
impregnated
-­‐Odor
-­‐No
indoor
use
-­‐Highly
water
repellent
-­‐Heavy
duty
wood
preservaLve
-­‐Commercial
use
only.
-­‐Creosote
(commercial
use
only)
-­‐Pentachlorophenol
Light
Organic
Solvent
PreservaLves
-­‐Uses
white
spirits/
kerosene
as
solvent
carrier
-­‐No
dimension
distorLon
-­‐Suitable
for
indoor
and
outdoor
-­‐The
wood
is
not
discolored.
-­‐Smooth
finish.
-­‐Tributhylene
Naphtenate
with
Permethrin
(TBTN-­‐P)
-­‐Azole-­‐Permethrin

10. CONNECTION SYSTEMS
The
Résix®
System
of
the
SIMONIN
Company
is
a
totally
invisible
and
high
performance
assembling
process
having
a
higher
resistance
factor
than
tradiLonal
bolt-­‐in-­‐place
construcLon.

11. CONNECTION SYSTEMS
This
system
uses
3
elements:
• Glued
laminated
(GLULAM)
wood
• High
performance
epoxy
resin
• Threaded
steel
bars.
Mechanical
Fasteners:
• Nails
• Dowels
• Screws
• Bolts
• Coach-­‐screws
• Toothed
ring
connectors
• Split
rings
• Nail
plates
• Proprietary
or
patented
fasteners.

12. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
1.
HarvesDng
the
wood
-­‐HarvesLng
the
wood
from
the
tree
2.
Kiln
Drying
-­‐This
process
is
to
control
the
moisture
of
the
wood
3.
LaminaDng
-­‐A
Process
to
improve
the
strength
and
stability
of
the
wood
4.
Milling
-­‐Cu`ng
the
wood
sizes
into
a
desire
size
-­‐This
process
turn
woods
into
Lmber.
5.
Joint
the
each
Part
Together
-­‐Joint
the
part
of
the
Lmber
to
form
a
frame
6.
Shipping
-­‐Aber
the
frame
is
complete
it
will
be
ship
to
construcLon
sites

13. CASE STUDIES

14. CASE STUDY 1

15. Completed: August 2015
Location: Stockport,
Manchester
Country: England
Sector: Education / School
Architect: Sarah
Wigglesworth Architects
Engineer: Rhodes and
Partners
Main con: MPS
Construction
Area: 226 sqm
Cost: £0.59M
Mellor Primary School ‘Forest School’

16. • Pre-fabricated insulated timber wall cassettes were manufactured off site
-could be lifted into place to form the roof and walls.
• Glulam superstructure – erected in four days; Timber cassettes installed within
ten days

17. Types of Prefabricated Timber
1. Glulam – Glued Laminated Timber
• Timber frame structure –
beam & column
• Also support the deck & roof
• Main component in the extension – to
support whole building

18. 2. Canadian Western red
cedar
• Western red cedar is
versatile timber, commonly
used for applications such
as cladding, windows
• Used in shingle cladding
(in the project) –act as bale
insulation
Shingle
cladding
Types of Prefabricated Timber

19. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
1. Glulam frame erected on foundation 2. Erected the floor platform
3. Erected the flooring 4. Erect the vertical walls

20. 7. Final – Timber cladding
5. Erect the roof elements 6. Place the roof tiles

21. CASE STUDY 2

22. GlaxoSmithKline’s Carbon Neutral Laboratory
Completed: September
2016
Location: University of
Nottingham’s Jubilee
Campus
Country: England
Type: Education
Architect: Fairhursts
Design Group
Main contractor: Morgan
Sindall
Area: 4,500 sqm
Costing: £15.8m

23. GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratory
• A two-storey, engineered
timber structure - 22m tall
• Known as UK’s first
carbon neutral laboratory
– ‘’Green Building Lab’’
• Achieved a LEED
Platinum certification &
BREEAM Excellent
• built from natural
materials – timber &
energy used from
renewable sources, such
as solar power and
sustainable biofuel
• to serve as a hub to
catalyse new
collaborations in
pharmaceutical industry

24. 1. Glulam (Glued Laminated
Timber)
• structural engineered wood -
bonded together with
durable, moisture-resistant
structural adhesives.
• Used in Timber frame
structure (beam & column)
• Largest glulam beams
spanned 8m, 1.8 tonnes
Types of Prefabricated Timber

25. 2. Cross-laminated Timber
• engineered wood building
system designed to
complement light- and heavy-
timber framing options.
• Used for structural walls,
floors, roofing and cladding
• Allows the structure to be
adaptable
Types of Prefabricated Timber

26. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
1. Materials delivered to the site
2. Erect the ground floor platform over the
foundation
3. Build beam and column
4. Next, build the floor platform
5. Then, erect the vertical walls and roofs
6. Repeat the steps again.

27. GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratory
Construction Process (Time-Lapse)

28. • Burn down in September 2014, when nearly two-thirds (70%)
complete
• Cause by a fire started by an electrical fault at ground floor
• The entire site were burned to the ground
• No blame was attached to the building process and construction
firm - Morgan Sindall
This photo was taken hours before the fire
ravaged the building.
CHALLENGES:

29. SOLUTIONS
• Decided to rebuilt it using exactly the same design
• Rebuilt in 2015
• Fire protection system added after the incident happened

30. ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES

31. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
PREFABRICATED TIMBER FRAMING SYSTEM
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Simple
and
easy
to
be
construct
Poor
Sound
InsulaLon
Not
weather
dependent
,can
build
at
any
Lme
without
any
weather
delay
TransportaLon
to
site
could
be
a
problem
Quality
Assurance
Shorter
fire
raLng
Reduce
Material
Wastages
Biological
AIack

32. CONCLUSION

33. Timber is specified as a robust and sustainable
material, offering clear benefits in terms of
ecological sustainability, structural performance,
durability, and long-term maintenance. Therefore, it
is widely used as main structural components in
England/UK. We hope that our country can also
widely promote the use of timber in building
construction.