Project 1: Industrialised Building System [ IBS ]

ADVANCED ARCHITECTURAL CONSTRUCTION (ARC60104)
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) IN ARCHITECTURE
GROUP MEMBERS
MAAZ KHAN
VINCE TAN
BRENDA JEROTICH MASWAN
FATMA JAMAL AGIL SAID IS-HAQ
MARYA SUBHI FARAG BIN MAKHASHEN
0337548
0338374
0333714
0333732
0333876
TUTOR
MR MOHAMED RIZAL
PROJECT 1
INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING SYSTEM IBSG R O U P 15

TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Introduction
1.1. What is IBS System…………………………………………………3
1.2. Types of IBS Systems…………………………………………….3
1.3. Advantages of IBS……………………………….………………….6
1.4. Disadvantages of IBS……………………………………………..7
1.5. Comparison to Conventional methods………………..8
2. Case studies
2.1. Case Study 1…………………………………………………………….9
2.2. Case study 2…………………………………………………………...10
3. Technical Drawings
3.1. Ground ﬂoor plan…………………………………………………….11
3.2. First Floor Plan………………………………………………………..12
3.3. Second Floor Plan…………………………………………………..13
3.4. Ground Floor Structural Plan………………………………...14
3.5. First and Second Floor Structural Plan………………..15
3.6. Roof Plan………………………………………………………………….16
3.7. North Elevation………………………………………………………..17
3.8. East and West Elevation………………………………………...18
3.9. Section 1…………………………………………………………………..19
3.10. Section 2…………………………………………………………….…..20
3.11. Axonometric Assembly………………………………………...21
4. Precast Concrete IBS systems
4.1. Precast Columns……………………………………………………..22
4.2. Precast Beams………………………………………………………..24
4.3. Precast Hollow Core Slabs…………………………………...25
4.4. Precast Walls…………………………………………………………..26
4.5. Precast Staircase…………………………………………………...28
4.6. Prefabricated Steel Trusses………………………………….29
4.7. Prefabricated Steel Toilet Pods…………………………….30
5. Connections
5.1. Columns
5.1.1. Column to Foundation………………………………….31
5.1.2. Column to Column………………………………………..32
5.1.3. Column to Beam……………………………………………33
5.2. Beams
5.2.1. Beam to Slab………………………………………………….34
5.3. Slabs
5.3.1. Slab to Slab…………………………………………………….35
5.3.2. Slab to Staircase……………………………………………35
5.4. Walls
5.4.1. Wall to Wall……………………………………………………..36
5.4.2. Wall to Slab……………………………………………………..37
5.4.3. Wall to Staircase…………………………………………….38
5.5. Steel Truss
5.5.1. Truss to Chord………………………………………………..39
5.5.2. Chords to Beam……………………………………………..39
6. Component Schedule ………………………………………………………………..40
7. Construction Procedure…………………………………………………………….56
8. IBS Scoring ………………………………………………………………………………….60
9. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………63
10. References…………………………………………………………………………………..64

1 INTRODUCTION
1.1. WHAT IS IBS?
Industrialised building system (IBS) also known as Pre-fabricated Construction and Off-site Construction. IBS system is a construction method
in which components are manufactured in a controlled environment (on or off site), transported, positioned and assembled into a structure into
construction site. Was ﬁrst introduced to malaysia in the 1960s. They are divided into two systems which are open system and close system:
Open system refers to the IBS components are fabricated by different manufacturers.
Close system is the IBS components are fabricated from one manufacturer.
1.2. Types of IBS System
There are six main types of IBS system categories that are used in Malaysia
1
PRECAST
CONCRETE
SYSTEM
2
STEEL
FRAMEWORK
SYSTEM
3
STEEL
FRAMING
SYSTEM
4
BLOCKWORK
SYSTEM
5
TIMBER
FRAMING
SYSTEM
6
INNOVATIVE
SYSTEM
3

The precast concrete elements are concrete products that are manufactured and cured in a plant
environment and then transported to a job site for installation. This IBS consists of precast concrete
columns, beams, slabs, walls, 3D components (i.e. balconies, staircase, toilets, lift chambers, refuse
chambers), lightweight precast concrete and permanent concrete formworks.
1. PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMING, PANEL AND BOX SYSTEM
The steel formwork is prefabricated in the factory and then installed on site. This IBS is made up of tunnel
forms, beams and columns mouldings forms, and permanent steel formwork. This system is the least
prefabricated amount in IBS, as it normally involves site casting. Therefore, it is subject to structural
quality control, high-quality ﬁnishes and fast construction with less site labor and material requirement.
2. STEEL FORMWORK SYSTEM
The IBS is commonly used with precast concrete slabs, steel columns/beams and steel framing systems
and ies used extensively in the fast-track construction of skyscrapers. Apart from that, it is extensively
used for light steel trusses consisting of cost0-effective proﬁles cold formed channels and steel portal
frame systems as alternatives to the heavier traditional hot-rolled sections.
3. STEEL FRAMING SYSTEM
4

The elements of block work system consist of interlocking concrete masonry units (CMU) and lightweight
concrete blocks. This system is widely used for non-structural wall as an alternative to conventional brick
and plaster.
4. BLOCKWORK SYSTEM
Timber framing system included timber building frames and timber roof trusses. Although the latter is
more common, timber building frame systems also offer interesting designs from simple dwelling units to
buildings such as chalets for resorts.
5. TIMBER FRAMING SYSTEM
This IBS combine multiple category of IBS, such as prefab with precast, blockworks with prefab, precast
with brickwork to achieve better design, cost saving, energy efficiency and building friendliness to specific
requirements by owners are very common nowadays in Malaysia too. Some of the new materials
introduced in IBS include gypsum, wood wool, polymer, fiberglass and aluminum-based IBS components.
6. INNOVATIVE SYSTEM
5

1.3. ADVANTAGES OF IBS
1. LESS CONSTRUCTION TIME
IBS requires less construction time because casting of precast element
at factory and foundation work at site can occur simultaneously and the
work at site is only the erection of IBS components. This leads to earlier
occupation of the building.
5. OPTIMISED USE OF MATERIAL
The utilisation of machine during the production of IBS components
lead to higher degree of precision and accuracy in the production and
consequently reduce material wastage.
2. COST SAVING
The formwork of IBS components are made of steel, aluminium or other
materials that allows for repetitive use and this leads to considerable
cost savings.
6. HIGHER QUALITY AND BETTER FINISHES
An IBS component have higher quality and better ﬁnishes due to the
careful selection of materials, use of advanced technology, better and
strict quality assurance control since production in factory is under
sheltered environment.
3. SAVING IN LABOUR
When the IBS components are produced in factory, higher degree of
utilisation of machine is permitted and the use of labour will be reduced
and lead to saving in labour cost.
7. CONSTRUCTION OPERATION LESS AFFECTED
BY WEATHER
Faster project completion due to rapid all weather construction. The
effects of weather on construction operation are less due to the
fabrication of IBS components is done in factory while at site is only
component installation.
4. LESS LABOUR AT SITE
The use of IBS will reduce the construction process at site and
consequently reduce the number of labour required at site.
8. FLEXIBILITY
IBS provides ﬂexibility in the design of precast element so that different
systems may produce their own unique prefabrication construction
methods.
6

1.4. DISADVANTAGES OF IBS
1. HIGH INITIAL CAPITAL COST
The initial capital cost of IBS is usually high. The initial cost including the
cost of constructing the factory, casting beds and support machinery.
The cost effectiveness can only be achieved when undertaking large
projects.
4. SITE ACCESSIBILITY
Site accessibility is one of the most important factors of the
implementation of IBS.IBS requires adequate sit accessibility to
transport IBS components from factory to the site.
2. PROBLEM OF JOINTS
Water leakage is often the major problem in building constructed using
IBS. This problem is more obvious in Malaysia where raining occur
rapidly throughout the year.
5. LARGE WORKING AREA
Building construction using IBS requires a large working area for the
factory, trailers, tower-cranes and storage for the IBS components.
Besides, most construction sites especially in cities are often congested
and unable to provide the area required
3. SOPHISTICATED PLANTS AND SKILLED
LABOUR
The prefabrication system relies heavily on sophisticated plants, which
have to be well coordinated and maintained by skilled operators.
Breakdown in any one section would hold-up the entire production line.
7

1.5. COMPARISION TO CONVENTION METHOD
8

2.1. CASE STUDY 1
SERI BAIDURI APARTMENT.
It is a freehold apartment in Shah Alam Selangor. It was started in 2012
and completed by 2014. The apartment is 4 blocks consisting of 10
storeys each. There’s a total of 640 units, 16 units per ﬂoor. It unit
measures 920 sq.ft and has 3 bedrooms with 2 bathrooms.
PRECAST SYSTEMS
1. Load-bearing wall ( Precast RC panel)
2. Non-load Bearing Wall
3. Precast Reinforced Concrete Staircase
4. Precast RC Column
5. Precast Slab
STEEL FRAMING SYSTEMS
1. Steel Roof Trusses
9

2.2. CASE STUDY 2
SERI JATI APARTMENT.
This is a low cost apartment in Shah Alam, Selangor,
developed by SP Setia. It was completed in 2014. It is 6
blocks in total. 3 blocks are 10 storeys high and the
other 3 blocks are 11 storeys high. It has a total of 948
units.
PRECAST SYSTEMS
1. Load-bearing wall ( Precast RC panel)
2. Non-load Bearing Wall
3. Precast Reinforced Concrete Staircase
4. Precast RC Column
5. Precast Beams
6. Precast Slab ( Floor slabs are cast in situ )
7. Precast Lift Core walls
8. Precast Air-con Edges
9.
STEEL FRAMING SYSTEMS
1. Prefabricated Steel Roof Trusses
IBS SCORE : 81.9
10

3.0. TECHNICAL DRAWINGS
3.1. GROUND FLOOR PLAN
1
2
11

3.2. FIRST FLOOR PLAN
12

3.3. SECOND FLOOR PLAN
13

3.4. GROUND STRUCTURAL PLAN
14

3.5. FIRST AND SECOND FLOOR STRUCTURAL PLAN
15

3.6. ROOF PLAN
16

3.7. NORTH ELEVATION
17

3.8. EAST AND WEST ELEVATION
18

3.9. SECTION 1
19

3.10. SECTION 2
20

3.11. AXONOMETRIC ASSEMBLY
PREFABRICATED CORRUGATED METAL SHEETS
STEEL PURLINS
REPEATED GROUND FLOOR
PREFABRICATED STEEL RAILING
CAST IN SITU CONCRETE POUR 75 mm
PRECAST CONCRETE BEAMS
PRECAST CONCRETE HOLLOW CORE SLAB
PRECAST CONCRETE BASE BEAMS
STUMP FOUNDATION FOOTING Cast-in Situ
PREFABRICATED STEEL TRUSS
PRECAST CONCRETE BEAM
PRECAST CONCRETE WALL PANEL
PREFABRICATED WINDOWS
PRECAST CONCRETE CORBEL
COLUMN
21

4.0. PRECAST CONCRETE IBS SYSTEMS
4.1. PRECAST CONCRETE COLUMN
Precast concrete column is a load bearing element that is typically used to support beams and slabs as a
structural system. To provide resistance to bending forces, the precast concrete columns may be prestressed with
four to six steel rebars for additional compression and tensile strength. Corbels are used to distribute the load and
to support the weight of the beams. Where single storey columns are being used, continuous beams are cast to
reduce the bending moment of the beam and, therefore, its depth.
Our proposed 3-storey apartment incorporates columns of 2 different dimensions, the standard column at 300mm
x 300mm and the columns for stairs of 1350mm x 300mm. We have chosen our sizes according to MS 1064
preferred sizes for reinforced concrete components to ensure it will achieve a higher IBS score.
ADVANTAGES
1. Cost of building materials, installation and long-term upkeep can be
reduced.
2. Inherent fire rating of precast columns allow the structure to be tolerant
to high temperature.
3. Precast concrete columns also are flexible sizing and configuration and
could be customised according to client’s specification.
4. Construction time can be reduced as installation is easier and more
efficient.
22

INSTALLATION ON SITE:
A moment-resisting connection is made quickly by lowering the column in place and
lightening the nuts to speciﬁed torque with readily available hand tools. The
installation process takes on average 20 minutes per column and requires only a
crane operator and two people on the ground. The connection is ﬁnalized by grouting
the anchor bolt recesses and joint underneath the column with non-shrink grout.
4.1. PRECAST CONCRETE COLUMN
FABRICATION PROCESS
Assembly of the mould Mould cleaning and
preparation
Fixing of rebars/ Cast in
items
Final inspection before
casting
Concreting Curing Demoulding Final inspection, transfer to
storage yard.
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
23

4.2. PRECAST CONCRETE BEAM
Beams are horizontal components that support deck members like double
tees, hollow-core, solid slabs, and sometimes other beams. They can be
reinforced with either prestressing strand or conventional reinforcing bars. This
will depend on the spans,loading conditions, and the precast producer’s
preferred production methods.
Beams are typically considered structural
components and are made in one of three
key shapes:
A. Rectangular
B. L-Beams
C. Inverted Tee Beams
A B C
DISADVANTAGES
1. Very heavy
members.
2. Camber in beams
ADVANTAGES
1. Precast beams are much more rigid
and structurally stronger than the
cast-in situ beams.
2. Connections are much more easier
with different Precast components.
3. It saves time as there is no need for
scaffolding or formwork on site.
A custom shaped mould of
formwork is prepared for the
precast.
Rebars and spacers at
equalized spacing are inserted
inside the mould.
Concrete is poured into the
mould and inspected for any
error. When the concrete is
cured the formworks are
removed by loosening.
The installation of the beams is
done through lifting by crane
and placing it to speciﬁed
placement.
FABRICATION PROCESS
1 2 3 4
24

A custom shaped mould of
formwork is prepared for the
precast.
Prestressed concrete is poured into
the moulds.
When the concrete is cured the
moulds are carefully removed
leaving the cavities in the slab.
The installation of the slab is done
through lifting it with crane and
placing it to specific position for
connection.
4.3. PRECAST HOLLOW CORE SLABS
Precast Hollow Core Slab flooring offers a cost efficient and adaptable solution
to ground and suspended floors. Moreover, it is widely used in commercial and
domestic buildings because it offers both design and cost advantages over
traditional methods, such as cast in-situ concrete, steel–concrete composite
and timber floors.
ADVANTAGES
1. Off-site production of components
with high strength and durability
2. Fast erection of long span floors at
the site.
3. A Hollow Core floor slab may
consist of many individual
components, each designed to
cater for specified loads, moments
or others.
4. It may also consist of a complete
slab field wherein the loads are
shared between the precast
components per the structural
response of each component. The
components are joined together to
form a diaphragm and are
strengthened by a cast in-situ
structural concrete topping with a
thickness of 75 mm.
DISADVANTAGES
1. It can be hard to transport and
mobilize on site.
2. There is lesser flexibility for
modification on site.
3. Often requires a topping slab.
FABRICATION PROCESS
1 2 3 4
25

4.4. PRECAST CONCRETE NON-LOAD BEARING WALLS
Precast concrete non-load-bearing walls are not subjected to any load from
the floor and roof. These walls may be made of hollow blocks, plaster
boards, concrete or others, and are suitable for most types of buildings.
The wall panels are designed considering the structural requirements for
strength, safety, sound and thermal insulation and fire resistance.
Openings for doors and windows are casted into the walls at the
manufacturing plant. Utility facilities, such as electrical and
telecommunication conduits or boxes, are flush-mounted and
casted into the panels at specified locations.
ADVANTAGES
1. Very rapid speed of erection
2. Good quality control
3. Entire building can be
precast-walls,
floors,beams,etc.
4. Rapid construction on site
5. High quality because of the
controlled conditions in the
factory
6. Prestressing is easily done
which can reduce the size
and number of the structural
members.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Very heavy members
2. Camber in beams and slabs
3. Very small margin for error
4. Connections may be difficult
5. Somewhat limited building design flexibility
6. Because panel size is limited, precast concrete can not be used for two-way
structural systems.
7. Economics of scale demand regularly shaped buildings.
8. Need for repetition of forms will affect building design.
9. Joints between panels are often expensive and complicated.
10. Skilled workmanship is required in the application of the panel on site.
11. Cranes are required to lift panels.
INSTALLATION
1. Suitable site access and safe unloading areas must be arranged prior
to delivery of units. Units should be unloaded using fork tines on
telehandler and stacked on level ground. Stacking timbers MUST be
correctly arranged to ensure stack stability and avoid possible failure
in the precast units.
2. Single precast units should be transported from stacking area to
lifting area via telehandler. Units must be lowered to ground onto
timber packers prior to slinging.
3. Move panels into position starting with panels for main building bays
and than the gable end bays once sides have been fitted.
26

4.4. PRECAST CONCRETE NON-LOAD BEARING WALLS
INSTALLATION
FOR PANELS POSITIONED BETWEEN THE COLUMNS:
4. Check orientation of the panels. Most panels are designed to have the smoothest side facing the load. This is not
always the case. Position panels between steel columns, pack to ensure even bearing at each end. Fixing packing
material (wood or steel) to ensure panels cannot possible shift out of position.
5. All panels should be assembled ‘dry’ with sealant once all walls are complete.
6. Secure panels in position (using bolts and plates if supplied)
PRODUCTION OF
REINFORCED CAGES AND
MAIN CONNECTIONS
1
ASSEMBLY OF MOULDS
2
CONCRETE MIX BEING
POURED
3
COMPACTION OF
CONCRETE USING POKER
VIBRATOR
4
PRECAST CONCRETE
BEING MOVED TO THE
STORAGE AREA
5
STORAGE OF
HIGH-QUALITY UNITS IN
WORKS AREA
6
TRANSPORTATION TO
SITE
7
ERECTION AT SITE
8
27

4.5. PRECAST CONCRETE STAIRCASE
ADVANTAGES
1. Highly rigid and strong in finished product.
2. Can be installed in short span of time as the joinery is comparatively
easier than cast in situ.
3. The steel moulding produces a smooth finished staircase.
4.
DISADVANTAGES
1. There is very minimal room for error.
2. Installation requires heavy equipments like crane.
3. Transportation to site would require heavy transportation system.
1.Craft template
2.Mount pad in the design
position, using a template
( installation producing
crane,finishing platforms -
crowbar)
3. Trowel to put on the
receiving space platforms
cement-sand mortar
5. Not unhooking march
improve its mounting
crowbars.
6. Lay and unhook march
zamonolitit mounting
clearances cement-sand
mortar.
4. When installing the first
flight of stairs to have it
down, then lower the top.
Template
INSTALLATION
28

4.6. PREFABRICATED STEEL TRUSSES
A truss is essentially a triangulated system of straight interconnected
structural elements. The most common use of trusses is in buildings, where
support to roofs, the floors and internal loading such as services and
suspended ceilings, are readily provided.
The main reasons for using trusses are:
-Long span
-Lightweight
-Reduced deflection (compared to plain members)
-Opportunity to support considerable loads.
The use of steel roof trusses in construction falls under the IBS category of the
steel structural framing system.
ADVANTAGES
1. Designed for optimum strength at minimum cost to meet building industrial
demand
2. Extremely light yet strong due to its high tensile strength as compared to
conventional timber trusses
3. Termite-proof and rust-resistant
4. Non-combustible material that offers continuous fire resistance
5. Environmental friendly as it eliminates the use of timber in buildings
29

4.7. PREFABRICATED STEEL PODS
Prefabricated steel toilet pods are the ready made bathroom pods that serves
the same function as the traditional bathroom, A steel skeletal frame with
required insulations, plumbings and electricity inputs are installed to be placed
into the apartment building. The use of same bathroom design for all units
helps to manufacture prefabricated toilet pods to speed up the construction
process.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Requires heavy machinery
for transportation and
installation on site such as
crane.
2. The measurements are
required to be highest of
accuracy.
3. They are prone to leakage
when not properly installed
or due to unlevelling of the
ground.
ADVANTAGES
1. Manufactured off-site, that
avoids congestion on the
construction site.
2. The fast installation
method helps to save a lot
of time to duplicate the
same design for each unit.
3. The plumbing and
electricity supply
connections can be easily
maintained.
MANUFACTURING TO INSTALLATION
1. The Pods are manufactured offsite. A steel skeletal frame makes the
structure of the pod.
2. The gaps of the structure are filled with insulation and waterproofing
boards.
3. Plumbing and Electrical pipes are installed.
4. The interior of the pod is then tiled and equipped with bathroom
amenities.
5. The completed pod is then packed to be transported to site where it is
either lifted by crane or on roller beds to the specified location.
6. The site is inspected with detail for any residue or levelling of the land.
7. The pod is placed in place and bolted with steel screws and Adhesive
on the floor slab.
8. The outer of the pod is finished with plaster boards matching the walls
of the interior.
30

5.0. CONNECTIONS 5.1. COLUMNS 5.1.1. COLUMN TO FOUNDATION
CAST IN-SITU FOUNDATION
SYSTEM: Cast in-situ pad foundation
CONSTRUCTION METHOD:
Bolted column connection. The anchor bolts transfer tension, compression and shear forces to the reinforced concrete footing.
31

5.0. CONNECTIONS 5.1. COLUMNS 5.1.2. COLUMN TO COLUMN
CONNECTION DETAILS Column to column connection:
1. Column to column splices are joined using bolted mechanical connections in the separate precast components. Metal
bearing plates and embedded anchor bolts are cast into the ends of the columns.
2. After the columns are assembled properly and mechanically joined, the connection is grouted to provide full bearing
between the elements and to protect the metal components from ﬁre and corrosion.
The open
corners are
then filled with
high strength
cement grout
Once assembled, the anchor bolts from the
pile cap are tightened with bearing plate fixed
at the end of upper column section with nuts
by hammering.this then welded to prevent the
connection from rotating
Metal Shim
Metal bearing
plate and
embedded
anchor bolts are
cast on the end
of the columns
Precast
concrete
reinforced with
bar
Metal bearing plate
300 x 300mm
precast concrete column
Grout
20mm diameter
anchor bolts
Shim
32

5.0. CONNECTIONS 5.1. COLUMNS 5.1.3. COLUMN TO BEAM
CONNECTION DETAILS Column to Beam connection:
1. Beams are set on bearing pads on the column corbels.
2. Steels angles are welded to the metal plates cast into the beams and columns and the joint is grouted solid.
Welded plate
Corbels
Precast Concrete
Column
Bearing pad on
Column
Welded Angle
connector
Prestressed
tendon
Stirrup
Weld Plate Caste
into Column
Column
Ties
Column
Bars
33

5.0. CONNECTIONS 5.2. BEAM 5.2.1. BEAM TO SLAB
Welded Angle connector
Bearing Pad
Reinforcing bars are grouted in
between slab elements.
Grout
Unstopped Hollow Core Slab
CONNECTION DETAILS Beam to Hollow Core Slab connection:
1. Hollow core slabs are set on bearing pads on precast beams.
2. Steel reinforcing bars are inserted into the slab keyway to span the joint.
3. The joint is grouted solid.
4. The slab may remain unstopped as shown, or topped with several inches of
cast in place concrete.
34

5.0. CONNECTIONS
5.3. HOLLOW CORE SLAB 5.3.1. SLAB TO SLAB
CONNECTION DETAILS Slab to Slab connection:
Slab to slab connection is usually done through structural topping. The common
minimum thickness is 50–75 mm. The best approach with regard to ﬂoor ties is
to present a continuous ring of reinforcement around each ﬂoor slab bay bounded
by beams.
Notch for lifting
tongs
Incline for
demoulding
Abutting edge for
laying Structural Reinforcement
(According to structural
analysis)
Cavity
Cast in situ topping
Precast Hollow core Slab
Cast in situ
infill
Structural
rebars
Steel angle support
from PC staircase slab
Concrete screed
Bars from PC
staircase slab
Precast Hollow Core
slab
Precast Beam
Precast Staircase
5.3. HOLLOW CORE SLAB 5.3.2. SLAB TO STAIRCASE
35

5.0. CONNECTIONS 5.4. WALLS 5.4.1. WALL TO WALL
HORIZONTAL JOINT Vertical reinforcement in precast walls is
usually lapped at horizontal joints. Proprietary grouted steel sleeve
splices may be used. Alternatively, the lap can be formed by
grouting a bar extending from one unit into the metal duct in the
matching unit.
VERTICAL JOINT Vertical joints between precast wall panels are
typically cast in-situ type joints. A horizontal reinforcing bar from
a precast panel projects into the joint zone and is overlapped or
welded with the horizontal reinforcing bar from an adjacent
panel.Alternatively, the two panels can also be joined together
using embedded plates, bolts and welds and connecting plates.
Welded joint
Reinforced in-situ joints
36

5.0. CONNECTIONS
The figure shows a typical precast wall to wall connection that can
be achieved through horizontal or vertical joints. The vertical joint is
subjected to forces resulting from the loads acting on the panels.
Both joints can be grouted using high-strength or small-diameter
aggregate concrete.
5.4. WALLS 5.4.2. WALL TO SLAB
The connection between the wall support and the floor requires careful
detailing when the floor units are supported within the breadth of the walls
and have several arrangements. The floor slab may be placed on the top of a
panel, between two panels at an intermediate floor level, in a recess in the
panel or supported on a rib of the panel. The figure shows an example of a
precast floor placed between load-bearing walls at an intermediate floor
level connection. Several hollow core units may require strengthening to
prevent web buckling
5.4. WALLS 5.4.1. WALL TO WALL
37

5.0. CONNECTIONS 5.4. BEAM 5.4.3. WALL TO STAIRCASE
38

5.0. CONNECTIONS
5.5. STEEL TRUSS 5.5.1. TRUSS TO CHORD
Each truss is attached to the bottom and top by the use of metal (steel) gusset
plates screwed to join both elements.
5.5. STEEL TRUSS 5.5.2. CHORD TO BEAM
Precast concrete beams and the rooﬁng is attached by the use of metal bolting
fastened and or weld into the beam from the bottom chord as shown in the
ﬁgure beside.
39

6.0. COMPONENT SCHEDULE
PRECAST CONCRETE COLUMN
TYPE ISOMETRIC SIDE ELEVATION PLAN
C1
NAME Precast Concrete Column
QUANTITY 8
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
300x300x3400
C2
QUANTITY 24
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
300x300x3400
300mm
3400mm
300
200
200
200
3400
200
mm
700mm
200mm
200300
3400mm
200mm
300mm
3400mm
500mm
500mm
40

PRECAST CONCRETE COLUMN
C3
QUANTITY 32
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
300x300x3400
C4
QUANTITY 24
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
300x300x3400
700mm
500mm
3400mm
200mm
300
200200
3400mm
300mm
3400mm
300mm
3400mm
200mm
200 200
300
700mm
700mm
41

CAST-IN SITU PAD FOUNDATION
F1
NAME STUMP FOUNDATION
QUANTITY 22
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
1800x1800x2170
300mm
1800mm
500mm
1800mm
300mm
1670mm
1800mm
500mm
42

TYPE ISOMETRIC
B1
NAME Precast Concrete
Rectangular beam
QUANTITY 16
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
2800 x 300 x 300
B2
NAME
Precast Concrete
Rectangular beam
QUANTITY 24
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
3100 x 300 x 300
43

TYPE ISOMETRIC
B3
Rectangular beam
QUANTITY 16
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
3400 x 300 x 300
B4
NAME
Precast Concrete
Rectangular beam
QUANTITY 32
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
4000 x 300 x 300
44

TYPE ISOMETRIC
B5
Rectangular beam
QUANTITY 8
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
4800 x 300 x 300
B6
NAME
Precast Concrete
Rectangular beam
QUANTITY 16
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
7100 x 300 x 300
45

TYPE ISOMETRIC
B7
Rectangular beam
QUANTITY 16
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
7900 x 300 x 300
46

PRECAST CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB
TYPE ISOMETRIC
S1
NAME Precast Concrete Hollow
Core Slab
QUANTITY 16
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
2800 x 950 x 200
S2
Core Slab
QUANTITY 16
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
3400 x 950 x 200
47

TYPE ISOMETRIC
S3
Core Slab
QUANTITY 16
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
3900 x 850 x 200
S4
Core Slab
QUANTITY 16
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
4000 x 850 x 200
48

TYPE ISOMETRIC
S5
Core Slab
QUANTITY 4
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
2800 x 1400 x 200
S6
Core Slab
QUANTITY 6
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
3550 x 1400 x 200
49

TYPE ISOMETRIC
S7
Core Slab
QUANTITY 8
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
4000 x 1400 x 200
S8
Core Slab
QUANTITY 3
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
5850 x 1400 x 200
50

PRECAST CONCRETE WALL PANELS
TYPE ISOMETRIC
W1
NAME Precast Concrete Panel
QUANTITY 6
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
6800 x 200 x 3110
W2
QUANTITY 6
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
4500 x 200 x 3110
6800
3110
200
4500
3110
200
51

TYPE ISOMETRIC
W3
QUANTITY 6
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
3960 x 300 x 3110
W4
QUANTITY 12
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
2500 x 300 x 3110
3960
3110
300
2500
3110
300
52

TYPE ISOMETRIC
W3
QUANTITY 6
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
3960 x 300 x 3110
W4
QUANTITY 12
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
2500 x 300 x 3110
3960
3110
300
2500
3110
300
53

PRECAST CONCRETE STAIRCASE
TYPE PLAN ISOMETRIC
ST1
Staircase
QUANTITY 2
DIMENSION
(LxWxH) mm
3960 x 300 x 3110
STAIR DIMENSION ( LxWxH) mm 1000 x 275 x 160
54

PREFABRICATED STEEL ROOF TRUSS
TYPE ELEVATION
T1
NAME Steel Truss
QUANTITY 5
DIMENSION
(L1XL2XL3)
19000X9800X9800 19000
9800
9800
L1
L2
L3
1600

7.0. CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
FOUNDATION FOOTING
A Cast-in situ shallow Stump Foundation is layered, to which the precast columns
are ﬁxed.
FOUNDATION BEAMS
The Precast Concrete beams are connected to the foundation column and forms
a grid formation.
HOLLOW CORE SLABS
A series of Precast Hollow Core Slabs are Layered on top of the foundation
structure that gives the base of the apartment.
PRECAST CONCRETE COLUMNS
The Precast Columns are connected to the Foundation Columns.
1 2
3 4
56

PRECAST BEAMS
The Precast L-shaped Beams are connected onto the Columns and forms the
structure of the Ground Floor level.
PRECAST WALL PANELS
The Precast wall slabs are put in place that connects to the ﬂoor slab and beam
overhead.
5 6
57

PRECAST HOLLOW CORE SLABS
The Precast Hollow Core Slabs are layered to give the base to the Second Floor.
Over the Staircase area the ﬂoor slab is not placed to create a void.
COMPONENTS
The whole process of building the ground ﬂoor is repeated exclusive of the
foundation. Where other components such as, Railings, Staircase, and Toilet
Pods are placed.
7 8
58

DOORS AND WINDOWS
The Doors and windows are fixed in place that gives the semi-completion look to
the apartment.
9 10ROOFING
The prefabricated Steel Trusses are fixed onto the Beams around the apartment
roof perimeter. To which the corrugated metal sheet roofs are fixed on top of the
prefabricated roof trusses.
59

8.0. IBS SCORE CALCULATION
IBS SCORE CALCULATION
CONSTRUCTION AREA
1. Ground Floor Construction Area : 195.04 m²
2. First Floor Construction Area : 195.04 m²
3. Second Floor Construction Area : 195.04 m²
Total Construction Area : 785.12 m²
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
1. COLUMNS - Precast Concrete Column
2. Beams - Precast Concrete Beam
3. Floor Slabs - Precast Hollow Core Slab
4. Roof Trusses - Prefabricated Steel Roof Trusses
WALL SYSTEMS
1. Precast Concrete Panels
60

Elements Area m² / Length m IBS Factor Coverage IBS Score
Part 1 : Structural Elements
Precast Columns Precast Beams + Precast Hollow
Core Slabs
Ground Floor
195.04 1.0 195.04 / 785.12 = 0.24 0.24 x 1.0 x 50 = 12
Core Slabs
First Floor
195.04 1.0 195.04 / 785.12 = 0.24 0.24 x 1.0 x 50 = 12
Core Slabs
First Floor
195.04 1.0 195.04 / 785.12 = 0.24 0.24 x 1.0 x 50 = 12
Steel Frame Roof Trusses
Roof Top
200.00 1.0 200 / 785.12 = 0.25 0.25 x 1.0 x 50 = 12.5
Part 1 Total 785.12 48.5
Part 2 : Wall Systems
Precast Concrete Panel 159.3m 1.0 159.3 / 159.3 = 1.0 1.0 x 1.0 x 20 = 20
Part 2 Total 159.3 20
61

Elements Area m² / Length m IBS Factor Coverage IBS Score
Part 3 : Other Simplified Construction Solutions
100% of column sizes follow MS 1064 Part 10 - - - 4
Repetition of floor to floor height - - - 2
Vertical repetition of structure floor layout - - - 2
Horizontal repetition of structure floor layout - - - 2
Part 3 Total 10
IBS SCORE TOTAL 78.5
62

9.0. CONCLUSION
63
Industrialised Building Systems (IBS) have recently gain much more attraction in Malaysia as the city tends to proceed with future
developments at a much faster rate. Construction method as IBS can be very helpful in Malaysia as it would reduce the
construction time and increase the eﬃciency of construction. The Sustainability factor is well maintained where different aspects
of construction environment are taken care of such as, lesser construction waste, lesser requirement of raw materials, lesser noise
pollution and many more.
The IBS system in our proposed apartment is very much suitable as it achieved a IBS score of 78.5. The understanding of
implementing different types of IBS components into our proposed building makes a great use of technology.

9.0. REFERENCES
1. https://cw2011workshop05.wordpress.com/2011/09/22/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-precast-concrete-construction/
2. http://www.concrete.org.uk/fingertips-nuggets.asp?cmd=display&id=307#:~:text=%EF%BB%BFPrecast%20concrete%20colu
mns%20may,above%20will%20vary%20with%20manufacturer.&text=Columns%20are%20provided%20with%20necessary,cast
%2Din%20steel%20sections).
3. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Column-column-connection-column-foundation-connection-using-steel-end-plate-and-bo
lts_fig5_299043876
4. http://g-cast.com.my/products-overview/industrialised-building-system/
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrialised_building_system_(IBS)#:~:text=Industrialised%20building%20system%20(IBS)%20
is,and%20assembled%20into%20construction%20works.
6. https://www.ukessays.com/essays/construction/the-definition-of-industrialised-building-system-construction-essay.php
7. https://pdfslide.net/documents/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-industrialised-building-system-ibs.html
8. http://ibsportal.cidb.gov.my/system_files/CMSController/ae7a729b-a6be-4382-bd68-9097ed426617.pdf
9. https://www.roofseal.com.my/product/lightweight-steel-truss-system-malaysia/
10. https://www.steelconstruction.info/Trusses
11. https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Gusset_plate

Project 1: Industrialised Building System [ IBS ]

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Project 1: Industrialised Building System [ IBS ]

Similar to Project 1: Industrialised Building System [ IBS ] (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Project 1: Industrialised Building System [ IBS ]