6. • Adalah gangguan pemusatan perhatian
dan hiperaktivitas yg muncul sebelum
usia 12 tahun, berlangsung selama
minimal 6 bulan, dan terjadi pada berbagai
setting tempat dan situasi
7. • Definisi dalam DSM IV-TR (APA, 2000:85):
• “A persistent pattern of inattention
and/or hyperactive impulsivity that is
more frequent and severe than typically
observed in individuals at a comparable
level of development”
9. Istilah Lain
• ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactive
Disorder)
• ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder)
• GPPH (Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian
dan Hiperaktif)
• GPP (Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian)
• AD/HD
• AD-HD
10. Sejarah
Tahun Tokoh Perkembangan DSM
1902 George Still - Deficit in moral control
- Defectifve moral conduct
1917 Heinz Werner &
Alfred Strauss
MBD (Minimal Brain Damage/ Minimal
Brain Dysfunction)
1960s Hyperkinetic reaction of childhood
(hyperactive child syndrome)
DSM II
(1968)
1970 ADD
Subkategori:
- with (ADD/H)
- without hiperactivity (ADD)
DSM III
(1980)
1987 ADHD
Subkategori:
- ADHD
- UADD (Undifferentiated Attention
Deficit Disorder)
DSM III-TR
(1987)
11. Sejarah
Tahun Tokoh Perkembangan DSM
1994 ADHD
Subkategori:
- ADHD/C
- ADHD/I
- ADHD/HI
DSM IV
(1994)
2000 ADHD
Subkategori:
- ADHD/C
- ADHD/I
- ADHD/HI
DSM IV-TR
2013 ADHD
Subkategori:
- ADHD/C
- ADHD/I
- ADHD/HI
DSM V
12. Prevalensi
• Menurut DSM V (APA,
2013), 3-5% dari populasi
anak usia sekolah
• Anak laki-laki lebih banyak
dibandingkan anak
perempuan (3-4:1)
• Perempuan masalah
konsentrasi
• Laki-laki masalah
hiperaktif & impulsif
13. Statistics
• The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Fourth Edition (American Psychiatric Association, 1994; DSM-
IV) shows that ADHD affects 3 to 5% of school aged children.
• This adds up to 1.46 to 2.46 million children in schools today
(U.S. Department of Education, 2004).
• ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed childhood psychiatric
disorder (Miernicki & Hukriede, 2004)
• 4 to 13% of the United States Population is affected by ADHD
(Meaux, 1999)
• Boys are 4 to 9 times more likely to be diagnosed than girls
(U.S. Department of Education, 2004).
• ¼ to 1/3 of ADHD students also have learning disabilities
(U.S. Department of Education, 2004)
• Symptoms in a child may change as that child grows older but
that does not mean that the child will grow out of their ADHD
diagnosis (U.S. Department of Education, 2004).
• ADHD children are at higher risk for unintentional injuries,
delinquency, and anti-social behavior (Meaux, 1999).
14. Daftar Pustaka
• Garguilo, Richard M. (2012). Special Education
in Contemporary Society: An Introduction to
Exceptionality. United States of America: Sage
Publication, Inc.
• APA. (2013). Diognostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders. 5th edition (DSM-V). USA:
American Psychiatric Publishing.
•
