This document provides an overview of common childhood psychiatric disorders classified into 12 categories. It describes the essential characteristics and clinical features of learning disorders, motor skills disorders, communication disorders, pervasive developmental disorders like autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, disruptive behavior disorders, and other conditions seen in children. For each disorder, the document discusses diagnosis, prevalence, causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches.
Mania is a facet of type I bipolar disorder in which the mood state is abnormally heightened and accompanied by hyperactivity and a reduced need for sleep.
Mania is a facet of type I bipolar disorder in which the mood state is abnormally heightened and accompanied by hyperactivity and a reduced need for sleep.
Quick review of the essential points— DSM5 diagnosis criteria, assessments, treatments—of these disorders to better prepare for the National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Exam. This can be used like flashcards or as a presentation.
A DSM 5 Update: Substance - Related And Addictive DisordersChat 2 Recovery
Within the next year, most insurance providers will be expecting all claims to include the new DSM-5 nomenclature. It is imperative for all mental health professionals to be comfortable with the new diagnostic criteria and recording procedures. This presentation provides participants with a clear understanding of the revisions made in the category of Substance - Related and Addictive Disorders from the DSM-IV to the DSM-5.
Topics presented by Nick Lessa, CEO of Inter-Care: an addiction treatment program in New York City.
Includes:
Changes in the diagnostic criteria from the DSM–IV to the DSM-5
The distinction between Substance Use Disorders and the Substance - Induced Disorders
Recording procedures for Substance Related Disorders
Sexual disorder - ICD10 gender identity disorders, disorders of sexual preference and sexual development and orientation disorders are listed under disorders of adult personality and behavior (f6), while sexual dysfunctions are listed under behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors (f5).
It is a disturbances in the sexual desire.
Delirium is very common in people with advanced illness. With delirium, people have times when they are suddenly confused and unaware of what is going on around them. They may become agitated and restless or withdrawn. Delirium can be very upsetting for family members to watch. If your loved one develops signs of delirium, let his or her healthcare provider know right away. In some cases, the cause of the delirium can be treated. In others, steps can be taken to help manage delirium and ensure your loved one’s safety and comfort.
Quick review of the essential points— DSM5 diagnosis criteria, assessments, treatments—of these disorders to better prepare for the National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Exam. This can be used like flashcards or as a presentation.
A DSM 5 Update: Substance - Related And Addictive DisordersChat 2 Recovery
Within the next year, most insurance providers will be expecting all claims to include the new DSM-5 nomenclature. It is imperative for all mental health professionals to be comfortable with the new diagnostic criteria and recording procedures. This presentation provides participants with a clear understanding of the revisions made in the category of Substance - Related and Addictive Disorders from the DSM-IV to the DSM-5.
Topics presented by Nick Lessa, CEO of Inter-Care: an addiction treatment program in New York City.
Includes:
Changes in the diagnostic criteria from the DSM–IV to the DSM-5
The distinction between Substance Use Disorders and the Substance - Induced Disorders
Recording procedures for Substance Related Disorders
Sexual disorder - ICD10 gender identity disorders, disorders of sexual preference and sexual development and orientation disorders are listed under disorders of adult personality and behavior (f6), while sexual dysfunctions are listed under behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors (f5).
It is a disturbances in the sexual desire.
Delirium is very common in people with advanced illness. With delirium, people have times when they are suddenly confused and unaware of what is going on around them. They may become agitated and restless or withdrawn. Delirium can be very upsetting for family members to watch. If your loved one develops signs of delirium, let his or her healthcare provider know right away. In some cases, the cause of the delirium can be treated. In others, steps can be taken to help manage delirium and ensure your loved one’s safety and comfort.
NB. THIS FILE TOO BIG TO VIEW ONLINE. You need to save it in order to read it! Chapter on Speech and language difficulties, from 4th edition of Rutter and Taylor: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2002.
Different people with autism can have very different symptoms. Health care providers think of autism as a “spectrum” disorder, a group of disorders with similar features. One person may have mild symptoms, while another may have serious symptoms. But they both have an autism spectrum disorder.
Currently, the autism spectrum disorder category includes:
-- Autistic disorder (also called “classic” autism)
-- Asperger syndrome
-- Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (or atypical autism)
In some cases, health care providers use a broader term, pervasive developmental disorder, to describe autism. This category includes the autism spectrum disorders above, plus Childhood Disintegrative Disorder and Rett syndrome.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
4. Must be familiar with normal development and
remember what is normal for one age may be a
problem for another
◦ Example: Tantrum Behavior
2 year old ~ normal and expected behavior
12 year old ~ not expected within normal development
Confidentiality directly related to age of
child/adolescent
◦ Young child ~ all information shared with caretaker
◦ Adolescent ~ try to establish privacy agreement between
caretaker and adolescent with understanding of what
must be shared (significant danger to self and/or others,
abuse)
4
5. Motor Skills Disorders
This is also called developmental
coordination disorders
Its essential characteristic is a marked
impairment in the development of motor
coordination
It is characterized by imprecise or clumsy
gross motor skill
5
6. Communication Disorders
This category includes disorders of speech & language
They include:
1. Expressive language disorder:
the child skills in vocabulary ,the use of correct sentences ,the
production of complex sentences & the recall of words are
below the expected level for his or her age & intelligence
2 . Mixed receptive –expressive language disorder:
child is impaired in both understanding and expressing language
3 . Phonological disorder:
it is manifested by inappropriate or poor sound production
4 . Stuttering or Stammering:
disturbance in the fluency and time patterning of speech that is
inappropriate for the patient’s age
6
7. Pervasive developmental disorders
These disorders are severe ,pervasive
impairment in developmental areas ,such as
social interaction & communication ,or
stereotyped behavior ,interests and activities
The impairments are deviant in comparison
to a person’s mental or developmental level
These disorders include:
7. Autistic disorder
8. Rett’s disorder
9. Childhood disintegrative disorder
10. Asperger’s disorder
7
8. Autistic disorder
Sometimes called “childhood autism,
early infantile autism, Kanner’s
autism”
Prevalence is 0.02-0.05 %
In most cases it starts before the age of
36 months( 3 years)
It is more frequent in boys
The etiology of autistic disorder is not
clear but there is more reliance on 8
9. Clinical features
2. Impairment in social interaction: lacking social smile, fail to
show the usual relatedness to their parents and other
people, abnormal eye contact, …
4. Disturbance of communication &language
6. Stereotyped behavior :the activities &play are rigid
,repetitive & monotonous. Ritualistic and compulsive
phenomena are common
8. Unstability of mood
10. Abnormal response to sensory stimuli( either exaggerated
or decreased)
12. Other behavioral symptoms hyperkinesis or
hypokinesis ,aggressive behavior ,temper tantrums, self
injurious behavior
9
10. Prognosis is generally unfavorable
The patient needs a complicated care
which include:
4. Educational therapy
6. Behavioral therapy
8. Pharmacotherapy: no specific therapy is
available. It can be only symptomatic
like anti-obsessive, antipsychotic and
antiepileptic 10
11. In the absence of specific treatment,
management has 6 main aspects:
Management of abnormal behavior
Education and social services
Speech and language therapy ,occupational
therapy, dietary advice…
Treat medical conditions (e.g. epilepsy ,GIT
problems)
Help for families
Pharmacotherapy :symptom management
(e.g. antipsychotic for stereotypes ),SSRI for
compulsive and self harming behaviors and
depression, and anxiety
11
12. (Aspergers Syndrome( AS
A syndrome first described by Hans Asperger’s in 1944
,and sometimes called autistic psychopath ,is
characterized by:-
The child develops normally until about the third year
when they begin to lack warmth in relationships, and
speak in monotonous stilted ways
Severe persistent impairment in social interactions
,repetitive behavior patterns, and restricted interests
IQ and language are normal or in some cases, superior
Motor mannerisms such as hand and finger twisting, or
whole body movements
12
13. They are often clumsy and eccentric
They are more interested in others than
autistic children
The disorder is more common in boys than
girls
A family history of autism may be present
The cause of AS is unknown
It differ from autism in that there is no general
delay or retardation of cognitive development
or language
They are solitary, and embark on and spend
much time in narrow interests
13
14. (Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD
This disorder is common ,appears more often in boys
than in girls and causes disruption in school and at
home
It is characterized by:
4. Features of hyperactivity: age-inappropriate
hyperactivity which is mostly purposeless & intolerable
causing a lot of disturbance
5. Poor attention span
6. Impulsivity
These symptoms should be present for at least 6
months before the diagnosis is made
The symptoms should be present in more than one
setting ( home, school, work)
And should be severe enough to cause significant
impairment
14
15. 3%-7% of children suffer from ADHD
ADHD is diagnosed approximately three
times more often in boys than in girls
As many as half of those with ADHD also
have other mental disorders
Over half of the children diagnosed with
ADHD carry the disorder into adulthood
A large number of adults who were never
diagnosed as a child show clear symptoms
of ADHD 15
16. The symptoms of ADHD are present since the
early childhood (before the age of 7 years)
The causes of ADHD are unknown ,but the
disorder is predictably associated with a variety
of other disorders that affect the brain function
,such as learning disorders
The suggested contributory factors to ADHD
include prenatal toxic exposure, prematurity,
and prenatal mechanical insult to the fetal
nervous system
Food additives ,colorings, preservatives, and
sugar have been suggested as possible causes
There is evidence for a genetic cause
16
17. Symptoms of Inattention
must have 6 or more
1. Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless
mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities
3. Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play
activities
5. Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
7. Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to
finish school-work, chores, or duties in the workplace (not
oppositional)
17
18. 5. Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
6. Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in
tasks that require a sustained mental effort
7. Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities
8. Often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
9.Often forgetful in daily activities
18
19. Symptoms of Hyperactivity-Impulsivity
Must have 6 or more
Hyperactivity
1. Often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat
2. Often leaves seat in classroom or in other situations in
which remaining seated is expected
3. Often runs about or climbs excessively in situations in
which it is inappropriate (adolescents ~ may be subjective
feelings of restlessness)
4. Often has difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities
quietly
5. Often “on the go” or often acts as if “driven by a motor”
6. Often talks excessively
19
20. Impulsivity
2. Often blurts out answers before
questions have been completed
3. Often has difficulty awaiting turn
4. Often interrupts or intrudes on others
20
21. Treatment of ADHD
1. Pharmacotherapy:
a. CNS stimulants: dextroamphetamine,
methylphenidate, and pemoline
b. Antidepressants
Psychotherapy :
which include behavioral therapy , education
of parents and teachers
21
22. Disruptive behavior disorders
There are two types:
2. Oppositional defiant disorder:
described as a recurrent pattern of negativistic,
defiant, disobedient, and hostile behaviors
toward authority figures
5. Conduct disorder:
A repetitive & persistent pattern of behavior in
which the basic rights of others or major age-
appropriate societal norms or rules are
violated 22
23. Elimination Disorders
1. Enuresis :
The repeated voiding of urine into clothes or
bed ,whether, the voiding is involuntary or
intentional .The behavior must occur twice
weekly for at least 3 months or must cause
clinically significant distress or impairment
socially or academically. The child’s age must
be at least 5 years
Encopresis:
Passing feces into inappropriate places whether
the passage is involuntary or intentional. The
pattern must be present for at least 3 months ;
the child’s age must be at least 4 years 23
24. Separation Anxiety Disorder
Defined as an excessive anxiety about separation
from home or from those to whom the child is
attached
This disorder must last for at least 4 weeks
Must begin before age of 18 years
Must cause significant distress or impairment
Separation anxiety requires the presence of at
least three symptoms related to excessive worry
about separation from the major attachment
figures 24
25. The worries may take the form of refusal to
go to school( school phobia, school refusal),
fears & distress upon separation ,repeated
complaints of such physical symptoms like
headaches & stomach aches when separation
is anticipated and night mares related to
separation issues
The disorder is common and onset may occur
during preschool years but is most common in
7-8 years old
Prevalence is 3-4% of all school children
It occurs equally in males and females
Treatment : behavioral therapy
25
26. Pediatric Psychopharmacology
:Summary
Substantial Empirical Evidence Currently Supports
◦ Stimulants for ADHD
◦ SSRI’s for OCD
Well Designed Trials support
◦ Risperidone for aggression and self-injurious
behaviors in autism
◦ Fluvoxamine for Childhood Anxiety Disorders
◦ Fluoxetine for Moderate – Severe Major
Depression
26
27. Pediatric Psychotherapy
:Summary
Best Evidence for;
◦ CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) for Depression,
Anxiety
◦ CBT/Behavioral Strategies for Conduct Problems
◦ Parent Training for Conduct Problems
◦ MST (multi systemic treatment) for Conduct
Problems
27