Characteristics and criteria of good research
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A BThis document outlines the characteristics and criteria of good research. It defines research as the systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to increase understanding. Good research is guided by a question or problem, has a clear goal and plan, and divides main problems into subproblems. It relies on collecting and interpreting data in a cyclical process. Good research clearly defines its scope, explains its process so others can reproduce it, and has a planned, objective design with ethical standards and justified conclusions. The research process involves raising a question, suggesting hypotheses, reviewing literature, acquiring data, analyzing and interpreting data, and determining if hypotheses are supported.
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Criteria of a good research
The document outlines the key criteria for good research including:
1) Clearly stating the research aim and using common concepts
2) Adequately describing the research procedures to allow for replication
3) Carefully planning the research design to obtain objective results
It also describes the key qualities of good research as being systematic, following a specified sequence of steps; logical, guided by rules of reasoning; and empirical, dealing with concrete data to allow external validation of results.
Steps in research process
The document outlines the 10 key steps in the research process:
1. Selecting a research topic and defining the problem.
2. Specifying the research objectives.
3. Developing a research design and determining what information is required.
4. Designing methods to collect primary and secondary data, such as through surveys.
5. Analyzing and interpreting the results to draw conclusions.
6. Preparing a final research report to communicate the findings to clients.
research process
The document outlines the key steps in the research process:
1) Establish the need for research and define the problem.
2) Conduct an extensive literature review to understand previous work.
3) Formulate clear research objectives and questions.
4) Determine an appropriate research design including data collection methods.
5) Collect, analyze, and interpret the data to draw conclusions and answer the research questions.
Research problem
1. The document discusses identifying and formulating a research problem, which is the first step of the research process. It involves selecting a broad topic and narrowing it down to a specific statement.
2. Several factors are considered when identifying a research problem, including significance to the field of study, originality, feasibility, whether it is solvable, current, and interesting to the researcher. Problems can come from personal or practical experiences, literature, theories, and through consultation with experts.
3. The process of identifying a research problem involves selecting a broad research area, reviewing literature and theories, delimiting the topic, and evaluating the problem by establishing significance, researchability and feasibility before formulating a clear final statement
Research process
Research involves systematically investigating problems through an open-minded search for knowledge. The research process consists of 7 steps: (1) defining the research problem, (2) reviewing relevant literature, (3) formulating testable hypotheses, (4) designing the research methodology, (5) collecting data, (6) analyzing the data, and (7) interpreting the findings and reporting results. Following these steps in order helps ensure effective and rigorous research.
Research hypothesis....ppt
This document discusses research hypotheses. It defines a hypothesis as a tentative, testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables. A hypothesis helps translate research problems into clear predictions about expected outcomes. Hypotheses are derived from literature reviews and conceptual frameworks. The main types discussed are research hypotheses, null hypotheses, and testable hypotheses. Research hypotheses make predictions, while null hypotheses predict no relationship. Testable hypotheses involve measurable variables. Variables are also discussed, including independent, dependent, extraneous, and demographic variables. Assumptions and limitations of research are briefly covered.
Research Design
The document discusses different aspects of research design including what research design is, its key components, and types of research design. It defines research design as the arrangement of conditions for collecting and analyzing data to combine relevance to the research purpose with efficient procedures. The main components of research design discussed are sampling design, observational design, statistical design, and operational design. It also outlines features of a good research design and key concepts like dependent and independent variables, extraneous variables, control, and research hypotheses. Finally, it discusses research design for exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and hypothesis-testing research studies.
Significance of research
Research refers to a careful investigation or inquiry to gain new knowledge. It involves systematically analyzing a problem by breaking it into components and studying it in light of basic assumptions. Research is significant as it promotes logical thinking and aids in developing policies and solving operational problems in business, industry, and social sciences. It provides intellectual and practical benefits by advancing existing knowledge and helping solve problems in a more efficient manner.
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Criteria of a good research
The document outlines the key criteria for good research including:
1) Clearly stating the research aim and using common concepts
2) Adequately describing the research procedures to allow for replication
3) Carefully planning the research design to obtain objective results
It also describes the key qualities of good research as being systematic, following a specified sequence of steps; logical, guided by rules of reasoning; and empirical, dealing with concrete data to allow external validation of results.
Steps in research process
The document outlines the 10 key steps in the research process:
1. Selecting a research topic and defining the problem.
2. Specifying the research objectives.
3. Developing a research design and determining what information is required.
4. Designing methods to collect primary and secondary data, such as through surveys.
5. Analyzing and interpreting the results to draw conclusions.
6. Preparing a final research report to communicate the findings to clients.
research process
The document outlines the key steps in the research process:
1) Establish the need for research and define the problem.
2) Conduct an extensive literature review to understand previous work.
3) Formulate clear research objectives and questions.
4) Determine an appropriate research design including data collection methods.
5) Collect, analyze, and interpret the data to draw conclusions and answer the research questions.
Research problem
1. The document discusses identifying and formulating a research problem, which is the first step of the research process. It involves selecting a broad topic and narrowing it down to a specific statement.
2. Several factors are considered when identifying a research problem, including significance to the field of study, originality, feasibility, whether it is solvable, current, and interesting to the researcher. Problems can come from personal or practical experiences, literature, theories, and through consultation with experts.
3. The process of identifying a research problem involves selecting a broad research area, reviewing literature and theories, delimiting the topic, and evaluating the problem by establishing significance, researchability and feasibility before formulating a clear final statement
Research process
Research involves systematically investigating problems through an open-minded search for knowledge. The research process consists of 7 steps: (1) defining the research problem, (2) reviewing relevant literature, (3) formulating testable hypotheses, (4) designing the research methodology, (5) collecting data, (6) analyzing the data, and (7) interpreting the findings and reporting results. Following these steps in order helps ensure effective and rigorous research.
Research hypothesis....ppt
This document discusses research hypotheses. It defines a hypothesis as a tentative, testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables. A hypothesis helps translate research problems into clear predictions about expected outcomes. Hypotheses are derived from literature reviews and conceptual frameworks. The main types discussed are research hypotheses, null hypotheses, and testable hypotheses. Research hypotheses make predictions, while null hypotheses predict no relationship. Testable hypotheses involve measurable variables. Variables are also discussed, including independent, dependent, extraneous, and demographic variables. Assumptions and limitations of research are briefly covered.
Research Design
The document discusses different aspects of research design including what research design is, its key components, and types of research design. It defines research design as the arrangement of conditions for collecting and analyzing data to combine relevance to the research purpose with efficient procedures. The main components of research design discussed are sampling design, observational design, statistical design, and operational design. It also outlines features of a good research design and key concepts like dependent and independent variables, extraneous variables, control, and research hypotheses. Finally, it discusses research design for exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and hypothesis-testing research studies.
Significance of research
Research refers to a careful investigation or inquiry to gain new knowledge. It involves systematically analyzing a problem by breaking it into components and studying it in light of basic assumptions. Research is significant as it promotes logical thinking and aids in developing policies and solving operational problems in business, industry, and social sciences. It provides intellectual and practical benefits by advancing existing knowledge and helping solve problems in a more efficient manner.
Data Collection
This document discusses various methods for collecting primary and secondary data for research. It explains that primary data is collected fresh for a study, while secondary data comes from existing sources like books, papers, and reports. Some primary data collection methods covered include surveys, experiments, interviews, questionnaires, schedules, case studies, and observation. Factors to consider when choosing a method include the research objectives, budget, timeframe, and the researcher's knowledge. Collecting quality data is essential for answering the research problem.
Different types of research ppt
This document discusses different types of research categorized by purpose, process, and outcome. There are four types of research defined by purpose: descriptive research involves fact-finding without variable control; analytical research analyzes phenomena through secondary data; exploratory research gains insights in preliminary stages; predictive research determines frequency or association. Qualitative research uses words and explores perspectives while quantitative research uses numbers and measurement. Applied research solves practical problems while fundamental research formulates theory without immediate application.
Methods of data collection (research methodology)
Included all types of data collection.Includes primary data collection and secondary data collection. Described each and every classification of Data collections which are included in KTU Kerala.
research problem AND its characteristics
The document discusses key aspects of selecting a research problem. It defines a research problem as a question or issue involving uncertainty that is proposed for investigation. Important characteristics of a research problem include that it should contribute new knowledge, be feasible to study, ethical, significant, logical, clear, well-defined, use appropriate language, be original, follow titling conventions, and have current importance. The document provides steps for selecting a problem, including brainstorming ideas, researching background information, focusing the topic, developing keywords, and formulating the problem. Considerations for selecting a problem involve having relevant expertise, interest in the topic, and available data sources.
Research Report Writing
A research report is a condensed form of a brief description of research work done by the researcher. It involves several steps to present the report in the form of a thesis or dissertation. The purpose of a research report is to present at conferences, publish in journals or articles, and obtain grants or financial aid. It can also have implications or recommendations for clinical practice, education, and administration. A research report should be concise, clear, honest, and complete while maintaining accuracy. It must also show originality and provide ready availability of findings.
Research
This document discusses research, including its meaning, objectives, characteristics, significance, and approaches. It defines research as a systematic, organized process of asking questions and gathering evidence to answer them. The objectives of research are to gain new insights and knowledge, accurately portray characteristics of individuals or groups, and test hypotheses. Characteristics include reliability, validity, accuracy, credibility, and generalizability. Research is significant as it encourages scientific thinking, aids in economic and business decision-making, and helps solve social problems. Different approaches to research include quantitative, inferential, experimental, simulation, and qualitative methods. Research methods refer to specific techniques for gathering data while research methodology explains the overall process.
Research design
The document discusses various aspects of research design including:
1. Research design involves decisions about what, where, when, how much, and by what means to study a research problem.
2. Key parts of research design include sampling design, observational design, statistical design, and operational design.
3. Experimental designs aim to establish cause-and-effect relationships through control and manipulation of variables while quasi-experimental and non-experimental designs do not involve manipulation.
Data collection
Data collection in research involves systematically gathering factual information to test hypotheses or answer research questions. There are two main types of data: primary data collected directly by researchers through methods like surveys and interviews, and secondary data previously collected by others. The document outlines purposes of data collection like research design and sampling, as well as methods for primary data collection including questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, observation, and case studies. Both primary and secondary data have advantages and disadvantages for research.
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
This document discusses research hypotheses. It defines a hypothesis as a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. Hypotheses are important as they help translate research problems into predicted outcomes and guide methodology. Good hypotheses are clear, testable, and relevant to the research. Hypotheses can be simple, complex, associative, causal, directional, or non-directional. They may be generated from theoretical frameworks, previous studies, literature or experiences. The null hypothesis states there is no relationship between variables while the research hypothesis predicts a relationship.
Research problem
This document discusses the process of selecting and formulating a research problem. It begins by defining a research problem as a question or issue that a researcher aims to solve. The selection of a research problem depends on factors like the researcher's knowledge and interests. It then outlines the steps in formulating a research problem, including reviewing literature, delimiting the topic, evaluating feasibility, and stating the problem clearly. The goal is to identify a problem that is significant, can be researched, and is feasible given constraints of time, resources and the researcher's abilities.
Types of research
This document outlines and describes the major types of research, including descriptive research, analytical research, applied research, basic research, quantitative research, qualitative research, conceptual research, and non-scientific methods. Descriptive research involves surveys and fact-finding to describe the current state of affairs, while analytical research involves in-depth study and evaluation of available information to explain complex phenomena. Applied research aims to solve immediate problems, and basic research focuses on developing general theories. Quantitative research relies on measurement, while qualitative research examines qualities and characteristics.
Research design and types of research design final ppt
This document discusses research design. It defines research design as the conceptual framework for a research study that includes plans for data collection, measurement, and analysis. The main components of a research design are outlined, including the problem statement, literature review, objectives, methodology, and data analysis plan. Four common types of research designs are explored in more detail: exploratory, descriptive, experimental, and quasi-experimental. Key principles of experimental design like replication, randomization, and local control are also summarized.
FORMULATION OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
This document outlines the steps for formulating a research problem:
1. Select a broad research area from literature and personal experience.
2. Review literature and theories to understand what has been done and how the research could expand knowledge or test theories.
3. Delimit the topic to a more specific research problem.
4. Evaluate the problem for significance, researchability, and feasibility considering factors like time, cost, and ethics.
5. Formulate a final statement of the research problem that is clear, concise, and measurable.
Descriptive research
This document discusses different types of descriptive research studies including normative surveys, educational surveys, and psychological research studies. It provides examples of each type of descriptive study including the purpose, procedures, and key findings. A normative survey examines typical conditions and practices to establish norms. An educational survey looks at factors related to the teaching and learning process. A psychological research study compares behaviors and reactions in different situations. Descriptive research aims to describe current conditions and phenomena without manipulating variables.
objectives of research
The document outlines the major and minor objectives of research. The major objectives are to gain new insights into phenomena, accurately portray characteristics of individuals or groups, determine the frequency of occurrences, discover truths and facts, and test hypotheses of relationships between variables. The minor objectives are to seek knowledge, find solutions to problems through systematic methods, gain research degrees and benefits, face challenges, and be of service to society.
RESEARCH DESIGN
A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research with economy in procedure.
It is a conceptual structure within which research is conducted; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data.
Research design ppt (1)
This document discusses different types of research design: exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory. Exploratory design is used to investigate a new area and form hypotheses. Descriptive design aims to describe a problem and its solutions. Methods include surveys, observations, and case studies. Explanatory design identifies causal links between variables through methods like literature reviews, in-depth interviews, and case analysis. The document emphasizes that research design provides a logical plan for conducting a study to maximize valid answers to research questions through the appropriate use of exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory approaches.
Criteria of good research
The document outlines 7 criteria for good scientific research:
1. The purpose and concepts should be clearly defined.
2. The research procedures should be described in detail so others can repeat the work.
3. The design should plan for objective results.
4. Any flaws in the design or their effects should be reported honestly.
It also lists 4 key qualities of good research: it is systematic, logical, empirical, and replicable.
Review of Literature
A literature review is a search and evaluation of the available literature in your given subject or chosen topic area. It documents the state of the art with respect to the subject or topic you are writing about. It surveys the literature in your chosen area of study.
Types of research designs
This document discusses different types of research designs, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods designs. It provides details on the following key points:
- Quantitative designs use numeric data and statistical analysis to objectively study variables and answer narrow questions. Experimental and survey designs are discussed.
- Qualitative designs rely on text data from open-ended questions and themes to subjectively understand participant perspectives. Narrative research, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case study designs are outlined.
- Mixed methods designs combine quantitative and qualitative data and are used when one approach cannot fully answer the research questions. Sequential explanatory, sequential exploratory, concurrent triangulation, and concurrent nested designs are described.
Characteristics of research
Research has several key characteristics: it is empirical, relying on direct observation or experience; logical, following valid procedures and principles; and cyclical, starting with a problem and ending by identifying a new problem. Research also utilizes proven analytical procedures to gather and analyze data using methods like historical analysis, description, experimentation, or case studies. Valid research designs and procedures allow results to be replicated, leading to conclusions, and research requires critical and precise judgment throughout the process.
Meaning and characteristics of research
This document outlines the key concepts and components of research. It defines research as the systematic study of trends or events through careful data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Some key points discussed include:
- The characteristics of good research, which include being empirical, logical, analytical, critical, and methodical.
- The qualities of a good researcher, such as being resourceful, creative, honest, and religious.
- The values of research to humanity, such as improving quality of life, instruction, and satisfying needs through new discoveries and applications.
- The different types of research like basic, applied, and developmental research.
- How research classifications include library, field, and laboratory research.
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Data Collection
This document discusses various methods for collecting primary and secondary data for research. It explains that primary data is collected fresh for a study, while secondary data comes from existing sources like books, papers, and reports. Some primary data collection methods covered include surveys, experiments, interviews, questionnaires, schedules, case studies, and observation. Factors to consider when choosing a method include the research objectives, budget, timeframe, and the researcher's knowledge. Collecting quality data is essential for answering the research problem.
Different types of research ppt
This document discusses different types of research categorized by purpose, process, and outcome. There are four types of research defined by purpose: descriptive research involves fact-finding without variable control; analytical research analyzes phenomena through secondary data; exploratory research gains insights in preliminary stages; predictive research determines frequency or association. Qualitative research uses words and explores perspectives while quantitative research uses numbers and measurement. Applied research solves practical problems while fundamental research formulates theory without immediate application.
Methods of data collection (research methodology)
Included all types of data collection.Includes primary data collection and secondary data collection. Described each and every classification of Data collections which are included in KTU Kerala.
research problem AND its characteristics
The document discusses key aspects of selecting a research problem. It defines a research problem as a question or issue involving uncertainty that is proposed for investigation. Important characteristics of a research problem include that it should contribute new knowledge, be feasible to study, ethical, significant, logical, clear, well-defined, use appropriate language, be original, follow titling conventions, and have current importance. The document provides steps for selecting a problem, including brainstorming ideas, researching background information, focusing the topic, developing keywords, and formulating the problem. Considerations for selecting a problem involve having relevant expertise, interest in the topic, and available data sources.
Research Report Writing
A research report is a condensed form of a brief description of research work done by the researcher. It involves several steps to present the report in the form of a thesis or dissertation. The purpose of a research report is to present at conferences, publish in journals or articles, and obtain grants or financial aid. It can also have implications or recommendations for clinical practice, education, and administration. A research report should be concise, clear, honest, and complete while maintaining accuracy. It must also show originality and provide ready availability of findings.
Research
This document discusses research, including its meaning, objectives, characteristics, significance, and approaches. It defines research as a systematic, organized process of asking questions and gathering evidence to answer them. The objectives of research are to gain new insights and knowledge, accurately portray characteristics of individuals or groups, and test hypotheses. Characteristics include reliability, validity, accuracy, credibility, and generalizability. Research is significant as it encourages scientific thinking, aids in economic and business decision-making, and helps solve social problems. Different approaches to research include quantitative, inferential, experimental, simulation, and qualitative methods. Research methods refer to specific techniques for gathering data while research methodology explains the overall process.
Research design
The document discusses various aspects of research design including:
1. Research design involves decisions about what, where, when, how much, and by what means to study a research problem.
2. Key parts of research design include sampling design, observational design, statistical design, and operational design.
3. Experimental designs aim to establish cause-and-effect relationships through control and manipulation of variables while quasi-experimental and non-experimental designs do not involve manipulation.
Data collection
Data collection in research involves systematically gathering factual information to test hypotheses or answer research questions. There are two main types of data: primary data collected directly by researchers through methods like surveys and interviews, and secondary data previously collected by others. The document outlines purposes of data collection like research design and sampling, as well as methods for primary data collection including questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, observation, and case studies. Both primary and secondary data have advantages and disadvantages for research.
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
This document discusses research hypotheses. It defines a hypothesis as a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. Hypotheses are important as they help translate research problems into predicted outcomes and guide methodology. Good hypotheses are clear, testable, and relevant to the research. Hypotheses can be simple, complex, associative, causal, directional, or non-directional. They may be generated from theoretical frameworks, previous studies, literature or experiences. The null hypothesis states there is no relationship between variables while the research hypothesis predicts a relationship.
Research problem
This document discusses the process of selecting and formulating a research problem. It begins by defining a research problem as a question or issue that a researcher aims to solve. The selection of a research problem depends on factors like the researcher's knowledge and interests. It then outlines the steps in formulating a research problem, including reviewing literature, delimiting the topic, evaluating feasibility, and stating the problem clearly. The goal is to identify a problem that is significant, can be researched, and is feasible given constraints of time, resources and the researcher's abilities.
Types of research
This document outlines and describes the major types of research, including descriptive research, analytical research, applied research, basic research, quantitative research, qualitative research, conceptual research, and non-scientific methods. Descriptive research involves surveys and fact-finding to describe the current state of affairs, while analytical research involves in-depth study and evaluation of available information to explain complex phenomena. Applied research aims to solve immediate problems, and basic research focuses on developing general theories. Quantitative research relies on measurement, while qualitative research examines qualities and characteristics.
Research design and types of research design final ppt
This document discusses research design. It defines research design as the conceptual framework for a research study that includes plans for data collection, measurement, and analysis. The main components of a research design are outlined, including the problem statement, literature review, objectives, methodology, and data analysis plan. Four common types of research designs are explored in more detail: exploratory, descriptive, experimental, and quasi-experimental. Key principles of experimental design like replication, randomization, and local control are also summarized.
FORMULATION OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
This document outlines the steps for formulating a research problem:
1. Select a broad research area from literature and personal experience.
2. Review literature and theories to understand what has been done and how the research could expand knowledge or test theories.
3. Delimit the topic to a more specific research problem.
4. Evaluate the problem for significance, researchability, and feasibility considering factors like time, cost, and ethics.
5. Formulate a final statement of the research problem that is clear, concise, and measurable.
Descriptive research
This document discusses different types of descriptive research studies including normative surveys, educational surveys, and psychological research studies. It provides examples of each type of descriptive study including the purpose, procedures, and key findings. A normative survey examines typical conditions and practices to establish norms. An educational survey looks at factors related to the teaching and learning process. A psychological research study compares behaviors and reactions in different situations. Descriptive research aims to describe current conditions and phenomena without manipulating variables.
objectives of research
The document outlines the major and minor objectives of research. The major objectives are to gain new insights into phenomena, accurately portray characteristics of individuals or groups, determine the frequency of occurrences, discover truths and facts, and test hypotheses of relationships between variables. The minor objectives are to seek knowledge, find solutions to problems through systematic methods, gain research degrees and benefits, face challenges, and be of service to society.
RESEARCH DESIGN
A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research with economy in procedure.
It is a conceptual structure within which research is conducted; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data.
Research design ppt (1)
This document discusses different types of research design: exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory. Exploratory design is used to investigate a new area and form hypotheses. Descriptive design aims to describe a problem and its solutions. Methods include surveys, observations, and case studies. Explanatory design identifies causal links between variables through methods like literature reviews, in-depth interviews, and case analysis. The document emphasizes that research design provides a logical plan for conducting a study to maximize valid answers to research questions through the appropriate use of exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory approaches.
Criteria of good research
The document outlines 7 criteria for good scientific research:
1. The purpose and concepts should be clearly defined.
2. The research procedures should be described in detail so others can repeat the work.
3. The design should plan for objective results.
4. Any flaws in the design or their effects should be reported honestly.
It also lists 4 key qualities of good research: it is systematic, logical, empirical, and replicable.
Review of Literature
A literature review is a search and evaluation of the available literature in your given subject or chosen topic area. It documents the state of the art with respect to the subject or topic you are writing about. It surveys the literature in your chosen area of study.
Types of research designs
This document discusses different types of research designs, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods designs. It provides details on the following key points:
- Quantitative designs use numeric data and statistical analysis to objectively study variables and answer narrow questions. Experimental and survey designs are discussed.
- Qualitative designs rely on text data from open-ended questions and themes to subjectively understand participant perspectives. Narrative research, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case study designs are outlined.
- Mixed methods designs combine quantitative and qualitative data and are used when one approach cannot fully answer the research questions. Sequential explanatory, sequential exploratory, concurrent triangulation, and concurrent nested designs are described.
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Research design and types of research design final ppt
Research design and types of research design final ppt
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Characteristics of research
Research has several key characteristics: it is empirical, relying on direct observation or experience; logical, following valid procedures and principles; and cyclical, starting with a problem and ending by identifying a new problem. Research also utilizes proven analytical procedures to gather and analyze data using methods like historical analysis, description, experimentation, or case studies. Valid research designs and procedures allow results to be replicated, leading to conclusions, and research requires critical and precise judgment throughout the process.
Meaning and characteristics of research
This document outlines the key concepts and components of research. It defines research as the systematic study of trends or events through careful data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Some key points discussed include:
- The characteristics of good research, which include being empirical, logical, analytical, critical, and methodical.
- The qualities of a good researcher, such as being resourceful, creative, honest, and religious.
- The values of research to humanity, such as improving quality of life, instruction, and satisfying needs through new discoveries and applications.
- The different types of research like basic, applied, and developmental research.
- How research classifications include library, field, and laboratory research.
Research process
The 7 step research process includes: 1) defining the research problem, 2) reviewing relevant literature, 3) formulating testable hypotheses, 4) designing the research methodology, 5) collecting primary data through methods like surveys and interviews, 6) analyzing the collected data, and 7) interpreting the findings and reporting the results. The overall goal is to gather information to initiate, modify, or terminate investments or projects through a systematic process of exploring an issue, collecting evidence, and drawing conclusions.
Definition and types of research
This document provides an overview of key concepts in research methodology, including:
1. It defines research as an organized and systematic process of finding answers to questions through a defined set of steps and procedures.
2. It discusses different types of research including quantitative, qualitative, basic, applied, longitudinal, descriptive, classification, comparative, exploratory, explanatory, causal, theory testing, and theory building research.
3. It also discusses alternatives to research-based knowledge such as relying on authority, tradition, common sense, media, and personal experience.
What are the qualities of a good researcher
The key qualities of a good researcher include patience, persistence, and the ability to recognize useful leads (perspicapacity). Researchers must have strong knowledge of Philippine history and Spanish to understand archival documents, which are often in fading Spanish handwriting. Physical qualities like good eyesight and delicate hands are also important to properly handle old documents. Researchers should consult available finding aids and understand Spanish colonial government structures to assist their research. The colonial government was led by a Governor General with extensive powers, and local areas had leaders like military governors, town governors, and neighborhood heads.
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The document discusses scientific research. It defines research as the systematic analysis and recording of controlled observations that can lead to generalizations and theories. Scientific research has several key characteristics: it pursues truth through logical consideration, is objective and replicable, reliable and valid, rigorous, and testable/generalizable. The research process involves realizing a problem, formulating a hypothesis, designing a study, collecting and analyzing data, and generalizing findings. Overall, scientific research uses scientific methods and tools to systematically study and explain variables in an objective, replicable manner.
Research Methods: Basic Concepts and Methods
Research is the systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that may lead to the development of generalizations, principles, or theories, resulting in prediction and possible control of events .
Types of Research
The document discusses various types of research including applied research, basic research, correlational research, descriptive research, ethnographic research, experimental research, and exploratory research. Applied research seeks practical solutions to problems, while basic research expands knowledge without a direct application. Correlational research examines relationships between variables without determining cause and effect. Descriptive research provides accurate portrayals of characteristics, and ethnographic research involves in-depth study of cultures. Experimental research establishes cause-and-effect through controlled manipulation of variables.
Formulation of research questions
The document provides guidance on formulating a research question. It discusses identifying a research problem or opportunity and determining the unit of analysis. It also covers translating the research problem into a research question and formulating a hypothesis to be tested. Well-formulated research questions are answerable, specific, measurable, and linked to a theoretical framework. The goal is to develop a question that will focus the research and facilitate subsequent steps in the research process.
Nature and scope of research methodology
Research is the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
Research problem
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Selection of a Research Problem
This document discusses selecting and defining a research problem. It explains that a research problem needs to be clearly defined and operationalized using measurable variables. The selection process involves evaluating potential problems based on criteria like the researcher's background and available resources. Problems should be novel, solve a current issue, and allow further research. The document provides guidance on refining broad topics into narrow, specific research problems suitable for different research methods like historical, descriptive or experimental studies.
Research (nature characteristics of research)
This document discusses research and the reasons why we conduct research. It provides definitions of research from various scholars and outlines the main types of research: basic/fundamental, applied/action, and developmental. The types are further categorized based on inquiry (rationalistic, naturalistic) and method (evaluation, descriptive, qualitative, quantitative, experimental). Key characteristics of research are discussed such as being empirical, analytical, methodical, replicable, and carefully recorded. Qualities of a good researcher are also listed.
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The document outlines the typical parts and structure of a research paper. It discusses the importance of key sections like the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and conclusion. It provides details on what each section generally contains, such as stating the problem in the introduction, describing the sampling procedure in methodology, and presenting findings and recommendations in the results and conclusion. The overall purpose is to systematically plan and conduct research.
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The document discusses key concepts in research including:
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The document outlines the key characteristics and criteria of good research. It discusses that good research (1) originates from a clear question or problem, (2) requires a specific plan and procedure, and (3) involves collecting and analyzing data to increase understanding. It also provides steps that researchers should follow, including raising a question, reviewing literature, acquiring and analyzing data, and interpreting findings to draw conclusions. The document emphasizes that research is cyclical in nature and may require iterating through steps to refine hypotheses and ensure high ethical standards and justification of conclusions.
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The document provides an overview of key concepts in research methodology, including:
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in research methodology. It discusses what research is, including that it involves systematically collecting and analyzing data to increase understanding of a phenomenon. It also distinguishes between research methods, which are techniques for gathering evidence, and methodology, which is the underlying theory and analysis of how research proceeds. The document then outlines common characteristics of research and provides guidance on developing high-quality research projects and proposals.
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Research is a process through which new knowledge is discovered. Conducting research has to follow certain steps and these may vary with the type and goals of research. But the variation in the process would be minor according to the study involves quantitative or a qualitative approach and data.
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Research is a systematic investigation to discover new facts or verify existing facts. It involves searching for knowledge in a planned, organized manner. The main purposes of research are discovery of new information and verification of existing information. Research follows defined methodological steps and aims to provide generalizable conclusions through objective, systematic inquiry. There are different types of research based on purpose, approach, and nature of variables studied. The overall research process typically involves defining the problem, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting findings.
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Characteristics and criteria of good research
- 1. CHARACTERISTICS AND CRITERIA OF GOOD RESEARCH
- 2. What is Research ? Research Projects. Characteristics of Good Research. Criteria For a Good Research. Process of Making an Effective Research.
- 3. Research is: “…the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information (data) in order to increase our understanding of the phenomenon about which we are concerned or interested.”
- 4. 1. Originates with a question or problem. 2. Requires clear articulation of a goal. 3. Follows a specific plan or procedure. 4. Often divides main problem into sub problems. 5. Guided by specific problem, question, or hypothesis. 6. Accepts certain critical assumptions. 7. Requires collection and interpretation of data. 8. Cyclical (helical) in nature.
- 5. Research begins with a problem. Identifying this problem can actually be the hardest part of research. In general, good research projects should: ◦ Address an important question. ◦ Advance knowledge.
- 6. Good research requires: ◦ The scope and limitations of the work to be clearly defined. ◦ The process to be clearly explained so that it can be reproduced and verified by other researchers. ◦ A thoroughly planned design that is as objective as possible.
- 7. Good research requires: ◦ Highly ethical standards be applied. ◦ All limitations be documented. ◦ Data be adequately analyzed and explained. ◦ All findings be presented unambiguously and all conclusions be justified by sufficient evidence.
- 8. Research is an extremely cyclic process. This isn’t a weakness of the process but is part of the built-in error correction machinery. Because of the cyclic nature of research, it can be difficult to determine where to start and when to stop.
- 9. Raising a Question. Suggest Hypothesis. Literature Review. Literature Evaluation. Acquire Data. Data Analysis. Data Interpretation. Hypothesis Support.
- 10. A question occurs to or is posed to the researcher for which that researcher has no answer. The question needs to be converted to an appropriate problem statement like that documented in a research proposal.
- 11. The researcher generates intermediate hypotheses to describe a solution to the problem. ◦ This is at best a temporary solution since there is as yet no evidence to support either the acceptance or rejection of these hypothesis.
- 12. The available literature is reviewed to determine if there is already a solution to the problem. ◦ Existing solutions do not always explain new observations. ◦ The existing solution might require some revision or even be discarded.
- 13. It’s possible that the literature review has yielded a solution to the proposed problem. On the other hand, if the literature review turns up nothing, then additional research activities are justified.
- 14. The researcher now begins to gather data relating to the research problem. The means of data acquisition will often change based on the type of the research problem.
- 15. The data that were gathered in the previous step are analyzed as a first step in ascertaining their meaning. As before, the analysis of the data does not constitute research.
- 16. The researcher interprets the newly analyzed data and suggests a conclusion. ◦ This can be difficult. ◦ Keep in mind that data analysis that suggests a correlation between two variables can’t automatically be interpreted as suggesting causality between those variables.
- 17. The data will either support the hypotheses or they won’t. ◦ This may lead the researcher to cycle back to an earlier step in the process and begin again with a new hypothesis. ◦ This is one of the self-correcting mechanisms associated with the scientific method.
- 18. Thank You…