This PPT Very use full for MBA - Students

1. Presented by
V.Revathi.,M.B.A.,M.PHIL.,
Department of Management

4. • Research = Re + Search. That is search after search
and search.
• Such solution or strategy adds to our stock of
knowledge in dealing with the problem or the issue.
• Research is essentially a systematic enquiry seeking
facts through objective, verifiable methods in order
to discover the relationship among them and to
deduce from them broad principles or laws. Research
is really a method of critical thinking.

5. • According to Francis Bacon: Research is the
power of suspending judgment, with patience,
of mediating with pleasures of assessing with
caution of correcting with readiness and of
arranging thought with scrupulous pain.
• According to Francis G, Cornell defines:
research as, "the activity of collecting
information in an orderly and systematic
fashion".

11. Objectives of research
• Objective of Research is one the important
elements for conducting any research because it
helps in determining the possibility of conducting
the study.
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Research Study Boundary

12. • Research Questions: Research questions arise
before the study is conducted.
• Hypotheses: Hypotheses are Assumptions about
some Characteristics of population which must
be accepted or rejected on the basis of empirical
evidence.
• Research Study Boundary: After clearly defining
the research problems and hypotheses, the
boundaries and limits of the study must be
properly defined.

13. Scope of Research
Environmental level
Organizational level
Marketing Level

14. 1. To Gather Necessary Information
2. To Make Changes
3. Improving Standard Of Living
4. For a Safer Life
5. To Know the Truth
6. Explore Our History
7. Understanding Arts
Significance of Research

15. Descriptive versus Analytical Research
Applied versus Fundamental Research
Qualitative versus Quantitative Research
Conceptual versus Empirical Research
Some other Types of Research

16. 1. Descriptive Versus Analytical research: In contrast analytical
research is concerned with determining validity of hypothesis
based on analysis of facts collected.
2. Applied research is carried out to find answers to practical
problems to be solved and as an aid in decision making in
different areas including product design, process design and
policy making.
3. Quantitative research & Qualitative Research studies such
aspects of the research subject which are not quantifiable, and
hence not subject to measurement and quantitative analysis.
4. Conceptual versus empirical research is involves
investigation of thoughts and ideas and developing new ideas or
interpreting the old ones based on logical reasoning.
5. Some other types of research: All other types of research are
variations of one or more of the above stated approaches, based
on either the purpose of research, or the time required to
accomplish research, on the environment in which research is
done, or on the basis of some other similar factor.

17. Research Process
• Research process consists of series of actions or
steps necessary to effectively carry out research
and the desired sequencing of these steps. The
chart indicates that the research process consists
of a number of closely related activities, as shown
through I to VIII. But such activities overlap
continuously rather than following a strictly
prescribed sequences. At times, the first step
determines the nature of the last step to be
undertaken

18. 1. Identify the
Problem
2. Review the
Literature
3. Clarify the
Problem
4. Clearly
Define Terms
and Concepts
5. Define the
Population
6. Develop the
Instrumentation Plan
7. Collect Data
8. Analyze the
Data

19. • 1. Should be systematic in nature.
2. Should be logical.
3. Should be empirical and replicable in nature.
4. Should be according to plans.
5. Should be according to the rules and the assumptions
should not be based on the false bases or judgments.
6. Should be relevant to what is required.
7. Procedure should be reproducible in nature.
8. Controlled movement of the research procedure.
• 9. Research is based on the scientific method.
10. Helps in answering various pertinent questions.
11. It is an organized, planned and patient investigation or a
critical enquiry.
12 It has logical roots, helping to establish facts or principles

20. • Scientific method is a method, which is very
systematic in nature and plays a very critical role
in the field of investigation, evaluation,
experimentation, interpretation and theorizing.
• According to George A. Lundberg, scientific
method can be defined as the “method which
consists of the systematic observation,
classification and the interpretation of the data
the main difference between our day to day
generalization and the conclusions usually
recognized as a scientific method lie in the
degree of the formality, rigorousness, verifiability
and the general validity of the later.”

21. Problems in research
• According to R.S.Woodworth “A problem is a
situation for which we have no readymade solution”.
• According to John Dewey “A problem represents the
information’s acquired by a researcher and seeks
solution for it”.
• According to K.Person “A problem is that situation if
we modified will bring solution in the difficulty”.

22. Identifying research Problem
• The identification of research problem is the first
and foremost step that every researcher has to
undertake. At times, it becomes rather difficult for
an inexperienced researcher or a novice/beginner
in research to conceptualize a research problem.
In general, a research problem should be
understood as some difficulty, unclear situation
which a researcher experiences in practical or
theoretical context and wants to obtain a tangible
explanation, clarification or offer solution to it.

23. 1.An individual or community or an
organization
2.Some Objectives for pursuing the
problem
3.Some lines of action to be taken