Characteristics and Criteria of Good Research.pptx
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The document outlines the key characteristics and criteria of good research. It discusses that good research (1) originates from a clear question or problem, (2) requires a specific plan and procedure, and (3) involves collecting and analyzing data to increase understanding. It also provides steps that researchers should follow, including raising a question, reviewing literature, acquiring and analyzing data, and interpreting findings to draw conclusions. The document emphasizes that research is cyclical in nature and may require iterating through steps to refine hypotheses and ensure high ethical standards and justification of conclusions.
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Research is a systematic investigation to discover new facts or verify existing facts. It involves searching for knowledge in a planned, organized manner. The main purposes of research are discovery of new information and verification of existing information. Research follows defined methodological steps and aims to provide generalizable conclusions through objective, systematic inquiry. There are different types of research based on purpose, approach, and nature of variables studied. The overall research process typically involves defining the problem, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting findings.
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This document discusses research problems and problem statements. It defines a research problem as a situation that needs a solution where possible solutions exist. A problem statement describes an issue that needs to be addressed and provides context for a research study. The document outlines the key elements of a research problem, including developing a research question, hypotheses, specific aims, and research design. It also discusses the scientific method, types of research, qualitative vs. quantitative approaches, and the distinctions between research and evaluation.
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Characteristics and Criteria of Good Research.pptx
- 1. CHARACTERISTICS AND CRITERIA OF GOOD RESEARCH
- 2. “The systematic process of collecting and analyzing information (data) in order to increase our understanding of the phenomenon about which we are concerned or interested.” What is Research ?
- 3. 1. Originates with aquestion orproblem. 2. Requiresclear articulation of agoal. 3. Follows aspecific plan or procedure. 4. Often divides main problem intosub problems. 5. Guided by specific problem, question, orhypothesis. 6. Accepts certain critical assumptions. 7. Requirescollection and interpretation ofdata. 8. Cyclical (helical) in nature. Characteristics of Good Research
- 4. RESEARCHBEGINSWITH APROBLEM. Identifying this problem canactually be thehardest part of research. In general, good research projects should: ◦ Address an important question. ◦ Advance knowledge. RESEARCH PROJECTS
- 5. GOODRESEARCHREQUIRES: ◦ The scope and limitations of the work to be clearly defined. ◦ Theprocess to be clearly explained sothat itcan be reproduced and verified by other researchers. ◦ Athoroughly planned design that is asobjective aspossible. HIGH-QUALITY RESEARCH
- 6. Good research requires: ◦ Highly ethical standards be applied. ◦ All limitations bedocumented. ◦ Data be adequately analyzed and explained. ◦ All findings be presented unambiguously andall conclusions be justified by sufficient evidence. HIGH-QUALITY RESEARCH
- 7. Researchis an extremely cyclic process. Thisisn’t aweaknessof the process but is part ofthe built-in error correctionmachinery. Because of the cyclic nature of research, it can be difficult to determine where to start and when to stop. CRITERIA FOR A GOOD RESEARCH PROCESS
- 8. Raisinga Question. SuggestHypothesis. Literature Review. Literature Evaluation. Acquire Data. DataAnalysis. Data Interpretation. Hypothesis Support. STEPS FOR MAKING A GOOD RESEARCH
- 9. Aquestion occurs to or is posed to the researcherfor which that researcher hasnoanswer. Thequestion needs to be converted to an appropriate problem statement like that documented in aresearchproposal. STEP 1: A QUESTION IS RAISED
- 10. THERESEARCHERGENERATESINTERMEDIATE HYPOTHESES TO DESCRIBEASOLUTION TO THEPROBLEM. ◦ Thisis at best atemporary solution since there is asyetno evidence to support either the acceptance or rejection of these hypothesis.
- 11. THEAVAILABLELITERATURE ISREVIEWEDTO DETERMINEIF THERE ISALREADYASOLUTION TO THEPROBLEM. ◦ Existing solutions do not always explain newobservations. ◦ Theexisting solution might require some revision oreven be discarded.
- 12. It’s possible that the literature review hasyieldeda solution to the proposedproblem. On the other hand, if the literature review turns up nothing, then additional research activities are justified.
- 13. THERESEARCHERNOW BEGINSTO GATHERDATARELATINGTO THE RESEARCHPROBLEM. Themeans of data acquisition will oftenchange based on the type of the researchproblem.
- 14. THEDATATHAT WEREGATHEREDIN THE PREVIOUSSTEPARE ANALYZEDASAFIRST STEPIN ASCERTAININGTHEIR MEANING. Asbefore, the analysis of the data doesnot constitute research.
- 15. ◦This can be difficult. ◦Keep in mind that data analysis that suggests a correlation between two variables can’t automatically be interpreted as suggesting causality between those variables. THERESEARCHER INTERPRETS THE NEWLY ANALYZEDDATA ANDSUGGESTSA CONCLUSION.
- 16. THEDATA WILL EITHER SUPPORT THE HYPOTHESES ORTHEY WON’T. ◦ Thismay lead the researcher to cycle back toan earlier step in the processand begin again with anew hypothesis. ◦ Thisis one of the self-correcting mechanisms associated with the scientificmethod.
- 17. THANK YOU…