The document summarizes several key aspects of life in the United States during the 1920s. Three trends dominated this period: renewed isolationism, the resurgence of nativism, and political conservatism. President Harding encouraged a return to "normalcy" but his administration was plagued by scandals. Communism was seen as a threat, leading to raids targeting suspected communists. Business boomed, especially in the automobile industry, and new technologies like radio and movies shaped mass culture. Prohibition was also enacted but widely resisted, leading to the growth of organized crime.

1. The Roaring Twenties Chapters 20, 21

2. 1920s Life for Most Americans

3. Three Trends Renewed isolationism Resurgence of nativism Political conservatism weak govt (not like during Progressive Era)

4. President W.G. Harding Encouraged a return to “normalcy” Kellogg-Briand Pact : signed to say war is not an instrument of national policy Immigration limits Quota system: there is a maximum # of people who can enter the U.S. from any one foreign country (passed ’21, amended ’24)

5. President W.G. Harding Government Scandals Teapot Dome Scandal : Oil lands set aside in Wyoming during conservation era for navy Albert Fall (govt official) leased lands to oil companies for a profit

6. Communism Was a threat to normalcy Bolshevik Revolution (1917): Bolshevik party takes control of Russia Advocated the overthrow of capitalism, free enterprise, and private property

7. Communism “ red scare” : fear of communism in the U.S. Palmer Raids: hunt down and detain suspected anarchists and communists

8. Business in America Standard of living went through the roof Automobiles

9. PARTICIPATION What other things will be invented/created in order for the automobile industry to continue?

10. Business in America Automobiles Paved roads, garages, gas stations, motels, traffic lights Urban sprawl : cities spread out because workers could live miles from their jobs

11. Business in America Airplane Travel (p. 630)

12. Business in America Electrical conveniences (p. 631)

13. Business in America Avg. Income Modern advertising Psychologists hired to help appeal to buyers (page 631)

14. Business in America Buying on credit Installment plan : buy goods over a period of time with interest layaway

15. 1920s City Life

16. City Life Cities seen as more lenient than small towns Allow gambling, alcohol, casual dating Fast-paced lifestyle, competition

17. City Life Prohibition Era 18 th Amendment passed in 1920

18. City Life People resisted Prohib. b/c they wanted to enjoy life after WWI Speakeasies : hidden saloons where alcohol was illegally sold

19. City Life Bootleggers : smuggled in alcohol from countries where it was legal

20. City Life Prohibition Era Growth of organized crime

21. City Life 18 th Amendment repealed in 1933

22. Mass Media Shapes Mass Culture Newspapers, magazines, radio Radio was the most powerful form of communication in the 20s

23. Mass Media Shapes Mass Culture Movies Charlie Chaplin : comic actor Rudolph Valentino : romantic leading man Al Jolson : starred in the first major film with sound, The Jazz Singer Mickey Mouse

24. Mass Media Shapes Mass Culture Other Entertainment Celebrities Babe Ruth : hit a record 60 home runs for the NY Yankees Charles Lindbergh : made the first nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic

25. Religion vs. Science Fundamentalism : Protestant movement grounded in the literal interpretation of the Bible Initiated the evolution vs. creation debate

26. Religion vs. Science The Scopes Trial : Is it okay to make a law forbidding schools to teach evolution? John Scopes, biology teacher, arrested for teaching evolution Scopes found guilty, law stayed on the books

27. Women in the Twenties Flappers : emancipated young women who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes of the day Women were more assertive Casual dating Began working as typesetters and secretaries

28. Harlem Renaissance “ Great Migration ” Between 1910 and 1920 African Americans moved in large numbers to northern cities Harlem Renaissance : literary and artistic movement that celebrated African American culture

29. Harlem Renaissance Poet, Langston Hughes Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington Bessie Smith “ Scat ”/jazz became widely popular with all Americans

30. Political Cartoons Controversies of the 1920s http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/us33.cfm