The document provides an overview of several key aspects of the 1920s in the United States. It discusses President Warren G. Harding promising a return to normalcy after World War I but facing scandals. It also discusses economic prosperity under Calvin Coolidge's laissez-faire policies, new technologies changing lives, cultural changes including Prohibition and the rise of the Ku Klux Klan, and the emergence of jazz and the Harlem Renaissance.

1. Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks. Life magazine cover (1926), John Held, Jr. The Roaring Twenties 1919–1929

2. Government supports business Hands-off policy in other matters The Business of America 1 SECTION

3. Harding and the “Return to Normalcy” The Business of America • President Warren G. Harding promises to return U.S. to “ normalcy ” • Pro-business cabinet includes Andrew W. Mellon as Secretary of the Treasury 1 SECTION

4. • President Harding appoints unqualified, corrupt men, cabinet positions (Ohio Gang) • In the Teapot Dome Scandal Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall: - takes bribes - makes illegal deals with oil executives • Harding depressed about scandals, dies suddenly (1923) continued Harding and the “Return to Normalcy” The Business of America 1 SECTION

5. Coolidge Takes Over • Vice-President Calvin Coolidge • Tries to clean up scandals, elected president in his own right (1924) • Laissez faire —business unregulated by government benefits the nation • Under “laissez faire”, U.S. business prospers • Refuses to help farmers; doesn’t believe in government help for individuals The Business of America 1 SECTION

6. • President Coolidge is an isolationist : - U.S. stays out of other nations’ affairs except for self-defense • Helps set up the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928): - 15 nations agree not to make war on each other, only self-defense continued Coolidge Takes Over The Business of America 1 SECTION

7. Technology Changes American Life • Average annual income per person rises 35 % • Americans have more money to buy goods, spend on leisure • Using assembly lines, Henry Ford makes cars most people can afford • Assembly line —product moves along conveyor belt across the factory The Business of America 1 SECTION

8. • Installment buying —repay borrowed amount in small monthly payments • National advertising begins, promotes new products • Cheap fuel powers new inventions that make life easier continued Technology Changes American Life The Business of America 1 SECTION

9. The Air Age Begins • Former WW I pilots work as: - crop-dusters, stunt fliers, flight instructors • U.S. Post Office Department begins air mail service (1918) • Charles A. Lindbergh, Amelia Earhart fly across the Atlantic • Pan American Airways becomes first U.S. passenger airline (1927) The Business of America 1 SECTION

10. 1920s bring new attitudes and lifestyles but also cause divisions and conflict. Section 2 Changes in Society

11. Youth in the Roaring Twenties Changes in Society • 1920s celebrates youth, young people rebel against tradition and authority • Young people stay in school longer, wear daring clothes, follow silly fads • Dance marathons are popular and Charleston is a favorite dance 2 SECTION

12. New Roles for Women • The symbol of 1920s American women is the flapper • 19th Amendment assures women have the right to vote Changes in Society 2 SECTION

13. Prohibition and Lawlessness • 18th Amendment— Prohibition —bans making, selling alcohol (1920) • Speakeasies sell alcohol, bootleggers transport, sell liquor illegally • Organized crime gangs battle for control of bootlegging operations • Crime boss Al Capone seizes control of 10,000 speakeasies in Chicago • Prohibition fails, 21st Amendment repealed Prohibition (1933) Changes in Society 2 SECTION

14. Changes for African Americans • In 1920s, many African Americans move North, get better jobs • Gain some economic, political power • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) • Marcus Garvey calls blacks to return to Africa and form separate nation Changes in Society 2 SECTION

15. A Divided Society • Fundamentalism —believe in literal interpretation of the Bible • John Scopes breaks evolution ban, found guilty, decision reversed • Ku Klux Klan gains strength, tries to influence politics Changes in Society 2 SECTION

16. Popular culture was influenced by mass media, sports, and the contribution of African-Americans. Section 3 The Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance

17. More Leisure Time for Americans The Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance • Laborsaving appliances, shorter work hours increase leisure time • People get higher wages, spend more on leisure activities: - go to movies, reading, listening to radio, talking on phones 3 SECTION

18. Mass Media and Popular Culture • Mass media —communication to large audience—takes hold in 1920s • People flock to movies to see favorite actors and actresses such as Charlie Chaplin • Films silent, most of 1920s, 1st talking movie The Jazz Singer (1927) The Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance 3 SECTION

19. A Search for Heroes • Sporting events of all types enjoy rising attendance • Sports figures give people hope for better life, heroes such as: - Babe Ruth, baseball player - Bobby Jones, golfer - Gertrude Ederle, swimmer - Jack Dempsey, boxer The Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance 3 SECTION

20. The Lost Generation • Lost Generation —artists, writers resent WW I, see little hope for future • Become expatriates —people who live in a country other than their own Ernest Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald Sinclair Lewis The Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance 3 SECTION

21. The Harlem Renaissance • Harlem Renaissance —burst of black cultural activity, Harlem, NYC • Artists develop, exchange ideas - Langston Hughes—poet • Jazz—combines African rhythms, blues, ragtime - Louis Armstrong - Duke Ellington • Starts in New Orleans The Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance 3 SECTION

22. The Roaring Twenties The End!!