Chapter 6 - World History
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The document provides an overview of the history of Rome and the rise of Christianity. It discusses how Rome was founded and evolved into a republic. It then describes the transition to an empire under Julius Caesar and Augustus. The document also outlines the key teachings of Jesus and how Christianity spread despite early persecution. It concludes by examining the economic, military, and political factors that contributed to the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
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Ch15 Notes
The document discusses immigration patterns to the United States in the late 1800s and the challenges of urbanization. It describes how immigrants in the 1800s primarily came from northern and western Europe, while after 1890 they increasingly came from southern and eastern Europe. Upon arrival, immigrants faced difficult journeys and conditions at places like Ellis Island, and had to establish ethnic communities in cities. Rapid urbanization strained housing, transportation, water, sanitation, and caused other issues like crime and fires. Reforms attempted to address these problems through government intervention, settlement houses, and social welfare programs.
Slavery (Ch. 10)
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 attempted to balance the number of slave and free states admitted to the Union. It admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and divided the Louisiana Territory along the 36°30' parallel between free and slave territory. However, the issue of slavery continued dividing the nation and fueled the formation of new political parties in the 1850s. Rising tensions led several southern states to secede from the Union after Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860, in an effort to form the Confederate States of America and protect the institution of slavery.
Chapter 14
The document provides an overview of several major civilizations and empires from ancient history, including Ancient Greece, the Persian Empire, the Roman Republic and Empire, the Byzantine Empire, and the Mongolian Empire. It then discusses the Middle Ages in Europe, known also as the Medieval period or Dark Ages, and explains why this era is sometimes referred to as the Dark Ages due to raids and a lack of focus on learning. Finally, it covers several topics related to Christianity during this time period such as reforms in the Catholic Church, the development of architecture like Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals, and the Crusades launched by the Pope to recapture the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
Latin America Physical
Latin America can be divided into two main regions: Central America and South America. Central America consists of 8 mainland nations and 13 Caribbean islands, while South America contains 13 nations, 12 of which are independent. Major landforms include the Sierra Madre mountains in Central America and the Andes mountains and Guiana Highlands in South America. Climate zones vary from tropical rainforests covering 3/4 of Latin America, to temperate, dry, and elevation-dependent climates. Latin America has natural resources like minerals, oil, agriculture and hydroelectric power. The population has Native American, European, African and mixed ancestry.
Chapter 9 - American History
The document summarizes the Market Revolution and westward expansion in the United States between 1800-1850. It describes how new technologies like the steamboat, telegraph, and railroads facilitated the growth of markets and specialization of agriculture. This encouraged more settlement westward under the ideology of Manifest Destiny. Tensions arose as settlers pushed into Native American lands and later into Texas, which was still part of Mexico, leading to the war between the U.S. and Mexico and the acquisition of western territories by the U.S.
World History - Chapter 5
The document provides an overview of ancient Greece. It discusses the geography of Greece and the influence of the seas and mountains. It describes the Mycenaeans and their contact with the Minoans, including adopting Minoan writing and designs. It mentions the Trojan Wars and Homer writing epic poems celebrating heroes. It reviews the development of city-states and different forms of government. It outlines the Persian Wars and battles like Thermopylae and Salamis. It discusses the Golden Age of Athens under Pericles and accomplishments in strengthening democracy, empire, and glorifying the city through architecture and art.
World History Chapter 1, Sections 1-2
Prehistory refers to the time before written records. Archaeologists learn about prehistoric societies by analyzing artifacts and fossils. For example, 3.5 million year old footprints found in Africa provided evidence of early human ancestors called hominids walking upright. During the Paleolithic age, hominid species like Homo habilis and Homo erectus developed tools and technology like fire and language, allowing them to control their environments more. The Neolithic age saw the development of agriculture, as humans transitioned from nomadic hunter-gatherers to settled farmers, establishing larger permanent settlements.
Classical Greece Ppt
Classical Greece developed as city-states along the Mediterranean coastline, with Athens and Sparta emerging as the dominant powers. Athens established a direct democracy in the 5th century BCE while Sparta was a militaristic state. The Persian Wars in the 5th century BCE weakened both Athens and Sparta and led to the Peloponnesian War, further diminishing their power. This allowed Macedon to conquer Greece under Philip II and Alexander the Great, establishing Hellenistic rule and spreading Greek culture and achievements across Western Asia and Egypt.
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The document discusses immigration patterns to the United States in the late 1800s and the challenges of urbanization. It describes how immigrants in the 1800s primarily came from northern and western Europe, while after 1890 they increasingly came from southern and eastern Europe. Upon arrival, immigrants faced difficult journeys and conditions at places like Ellis Island, and had to establish ethnic communities in cities. Rapid urbanization strained housing, transportation, water, sanitation, and caused other issues like crime and fires. Reforms attempted to address these problems through government intervention, settlement houses, and social welfare programs.
Slavery (Ch. 10)
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 attempted to balance the number of slave and free states admitted to the Union. It admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and divided the Louisiana Territory along the 36°30' parallel between free and slave territory. However, the issue of slavery continued dividing the nation and fueled the formation of new political parties in the 1850s. Rising tensions led several southern states to secede from the Union after Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860, in an effort to form the Confederate States of America and protect the institution of slavery.
Chapter 14
The document provides an overview of several major civilizations and empires from ancient history, including Ancient Greece, the Persian Empire, the Roman Republic and Empire, the Byzantine Empire, and the Mongolian Empire. It then discusses the Middle Ages in Europe, known also as the Medieval period or Dark Ages, and explains why this era is sometimes referred to as the Dark Ages due to raids and a lack of focus on learning. Finally, it covers several topics related to Christianity during this time period such as reforms in the Catholic Church, the development of architecture like Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals, and the Crusades launched by the Pope to recapture the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
Latin America Physical
Latin America can be divided into two main regions: Central America and South America. Central America consists of 8 mainland nations and 13 Caribbean islands, while South America contains 13 nations, 12 of which are independent. Major landforms include the Sierra Madre mountains in Central America and the Andes mountains and Guiana Highlands in South America. Climate zones vary from tropical rainforests covering 3/4 of Latin America, to temperate, dry, and elevation-dependent climates. Latin America has natural resources like minerals, oil, agriculture and hydroelectric power. The population has Native American, European, African and mixed ancestry.
Chapter 9 - American History
The document summarizes the Market Revolution and westward expansion in the United States between 1800-1850. It describes how new technologies like the steamboat, telegraph, and railroads facilitated the growth of markets and specialization of agriculture. This encouraged more settlement westward under the ideology of Manifest Destiny. Tensions arose as settlers pushed into Native American lands and later into Texas, which was still part of Mexico, leading to the war between the U.S. and Mexico and the acquisition of western territories by the U.S.
World History - Chapter 5
The document provides an overview of ancient Greece. It discusses the geography of Greece and the influence of the seas and mountains. It describes the Mycenaeans and their contact with the Minoans, including adopting Minoan writing and designs. It mentions the Trojan Wars and Homer writing epic poems celebrating heroes. It reviews the development of city-states and different forms of government. It outlines the Persian Wars and battles like Thermopylae and Salamis. It discusses the Golden Age of Athens under Pericles and accomplishments in strengthening democracy, empire, and glorifying the city through architecture and art.
World History Chapter 1, Sections 1-2
Prehistory refers to the time before written records. Archaeologists learn about prehistoric societies by analyzing artifacts and fossils. For example, 3.5 million year old footprints found in Africa provided evidence of early human ancestors called hominids walking upright. During the Paleolithic age, hominid species like Homo habilis and Homo erectus developed tools and technology like fire and language, allowing them to control their environments more. The Neolithic age saw the development of agriculture, as humans transitioned from nomadic hunter-gatherers to settled farmers, establishing larger permanent settlements.
Classical Greece Ppt
Classical Greece developed as city-states along the Mediterranean coastline, with Athens and Sparta emerging as the dominant powers. Athens established a direct democracy in the 5th century BCE while Sparta was a militaristic state. The Persian Wars in the 5th century BCE weakened both Athens and Sparta and led to the Peloponnesian War, further diminishing their power. This allowed Macedon to conquer Greece under Philip II and Alexander the Great, establishing Hellenistic rule and spreading Greek culture and achievements across Western Asia and Egypt.
Conquistadors
Conquistadors were Spanish soldiers and explorers who brought much of the Americas under Spanish control following Columbus' discovery. Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico with just 500 men, defeating them at their capital Tenochtitlan after a smallpox epidemic weakened them. Francisco Pizarro similarly conquered the vast Inca Empire in Peru, capturing its emperor Atahualpa and looting its gold before destroying the empire. Both conquests had immense impacts, destroying native civilizations and establishing Spanish rule.
Westward expansion
The document discusses the key factors that influenced westward expansion in the United States, including geographic obstacles, technologies, policies, and the social and economic impacts. It addresses how physical features, climate, resources, railroads, and the Homestead Act affected travel and settlement. It also examines conflicts between miners, farmers, ranchers, and various ethnic groups, as well as the effects of expansion on Native Americans, including land disputes, warfare, and changes in federal policy.
World History Intro
The document provides an introduction to world history, including key terms and concepts. It discusses how the oldest human fossils were found in Africa by Louis and Mary Leakey and Donald Johanson. It also outlines some of the biggest achievements in world history, such as the invention of tools, language, and wheels. Additionally, it introduces the four early river valley civilizations that arose around 3500 BCE in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China due to fertile land and water resources.
The Ancient Greece
1. Ancient Greece developed along the coasts and islands of the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor, characterized by proximity to the sea, mountainous terrain, and numerous islands.
2. Greek civilization evolved from pre-Hellenic cultures like the Minoans and Mycenaeans, followed by the Archaic period marked by the rise of city-states (poleis) like Athens and Sparta. During the Classical period, Athens and Sparta grew powerful but rivalry led to the Peloponnesian War, weakening the poleis.
3. Alexander the Great then conquered the Persian Empire and established Hellenistic kingdoms across Western Asia and Egypt, spreading Greek culture widely.
9.the americas a separate world 40000 bc to 700 ad
- The earliest Americans migrated to North and South America over a land bridge between Asia and Alaska during the last Ice Age, from around 40,000 to 10,000 BC, following animal herds. They hunted mammoths and other large game.
- The Olmec were the first known civilization in Mesoamerica, located in southern Mexico from around 1200 BC. They influenced later Mesoamerican cultures with their artwork, ball courts, and elite ruling class.
- In Peru, early civilizations arose between 3600-2500 BC, and the Chavin civilization emerged as a primarily religious civilization from 900-200 BC, influencing art styles and architecture across the Andes.
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Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860. In response, South Carolina seceded from the Union in December 1860 and formed the Confederate States of America in February 1861. The Civil War began in April 1861 when Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Over the next four years, there were many major battles between Union and Confederate forces across rivers, coastlines, and states as the Union tried to regain control and split the Confederacy through its Anaconda Plan blockade. Key battles and events shifted momentum between the North and South until General Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House in April 1865, effectively ending the Civil War.
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The document summarizes the events leading up to and during the American Civil War from 1860-1865. It discusses Southern secession after Lincoln's election, failed compromise attempts, the formation of the Confederate States, and key battles such as Fort Sumter, which marked the start of the war. The war was the world's first "total war" and had enormous social, political, and economic impacts, including the end of slavery and strengthened federal power. The turning point was 1863, when the Emancipation Proclamation reframed the war as being about ending slavery and the Union gained momentum on the battlefield.
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Ancient greece geography
Greece has a varied landscape ranging from mountains to valleys and coastlines. Its climate is Mediterranean, with hot, dry summers and mild, wetter winters influenced by the sea. Ancient Greece consisted of independent city-states that were often at war with each other, and Sparta was known for its fierce warriors.
Mongols Genghis Khan origins society, empire
The Mongols originated on the Mongolian steppes and were nomadic pastoralists skilled in horsemanship and archery. Under Genghis Khan in the 1200s, they created a unified military force and used innovative tactics like mobility and psychological warfare to build the largest land empire in world history, conquering regions from Eastern Europe to East Asia. Their empire peaked under subsequent khans but later fragmented into four khanates, with conquered regions experiencing varying levels of destruction and administration under Mongol rule.
Chapter 21 world war 1 notes (revised December 2013)
Woodrow Wilson intended to keep America out of foreign affairs, but several factors pulled the US into World War 1. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led to escalating tensions between European alliances. America entered the war in 1917 after German U-boats sank American ships. On the Western Front, brutal trench warfare led to massive casualties with no clear gains. The US helped turn the tide by joining the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in 1918, leading to Germany's defeat. Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points aimed to establish a lasting peace, but the resulting Treaty of Versailles was harsh on Germany, sowing seeds for future conflict.
The populist movement
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The Persian Wars
The Persian Wars consisted of several key battles between 499-479 BCE when the Persians invaded Greece. The wars began with the Ionian Revolt when Greek cities rebelled against Persian rule. This led to the Battle of Marathon where the Athenians defeated the first Persian invasion force. The second invasion was larger, led by Xerxes, and included battles at Thermopylae, where Spartans heroically delayed the Persians, and Salamis, where the larger Persian navy was defeated by the Greeks. The final battle was Plataea, resulting in a Greek victory and ending the wars, leaving Athens as the dominant power in Greece.
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This document discusses the development of absolute monarchy in Europe from the 16th to 18th centuries. It describes how monarchs asserted divine right to rule and centralized power by growing bureaucracies. Religious conflicts weakened the Holy Roman Empire and led to the Peace of Westphalia, recognizing independent states. The English Civil War established constitutional monarchy with shared power between monarch and parliament. Louis XIV ruled France absolutely but weakened it financially. Conflicts between Austria and Prussia continued into the Seven Years' War. Peter the Great modernized Russia by westernizing reforms.
Kingdoms of Ancient West Africa
Three important West African empires were Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. Ghana was the first empire, located along the Niger River valley. Traders brought salt and gold, which helped the empire grow wealthy. Later, Mali rose as the dominant empire under Sundiata and Mansa Musa. The capital was Niani and the major city was Timbuktu, a center for trade, Islam, and education. When Mali declined, Songhai took over as the last major West African empire, ruling from Gao along the Niger River.
The California Gold Rush
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Ghana, mali, songhai ppt
The Ghana Empire was the first major African empire located along the trans-Saharan trade route, controlling the lucrative salt and gold trade. Its wealth allowed expansion until conquered by the Mali Empire in the 1200s seeking to control the trade routes. The Mali Empire grew further under Mansa Musa but internal conflicts weakened it, allowing the Songhai Empire to rise led by the great ruler Askia. However, European arrival with guns upset the balance of power, eventually colonizing Africa. The empires demonstrate how large nations struggle with control, forcing non-powers to innovate while powers resist change, all contributing to the rise and fall of African empires over time.
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Athens formed the Delian League in response to Persian invasions, with Athens becoming the dominant member as other city-states paid tribute. Sparta created the Peloponnesian League to protect the Peloponnesus region. Tensions grew between Athens' increasing power and Sparta's alliance, leading to the 27-year Peloponnesian War between them. With Persian support of Sparta and a plague in Athens, Sparta was able to defeat Athens in 404 BC.
World History Ch. 6 Section 2 Notes
The document summarizes the transition of Rome from a republic to an empire. It describes the problems the late Roman Republic faced, including social unrest, rebellions, and civil war. This led to the rise of prominent military leaders who took control, like Julius Caesar and Augustus, ending the Republic. Under the emperors Rome experienced stability, expansion, and cultural growth during the Pax Romana period. The Roman government, legal system, and trade tied the vast empire together.
World History Chapter 6: Ancient Rome and Early Christianity
1) Rome was founded in the 8th century BC by Romulus and Remus on the Tiber River. It was built on seven hills and became a center of power in the Italian peninsula due to its strategic location and fertile soil.
2) In the early republic, Rome transitioned from villages to a city covering 500 square miles. However, the patricians and plebeians struggled for power and influence.
3) Julius Caesar rose to power as a military leader and was appointed dictator for life, concentrating power in his hands. However, many senators saw him as a threat and assassinated him, plunging Rome into further civil war and destroying the Roman Republic.
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Conquistadors
Conquistadors were Spanish soldiers and explorers who brought much of the Americas under Spanish control following Columbus' discovery. Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico with just 500 men, defeating them at their capital Tenochtitlan after a smallpox epidemic weakened them. Francisco Pizarro similarly conquered the vast Inca Empire in Peru, capturing its emperor Atahualpa and looting its gold before destroying the empire. Both conquests had immense impacts, destroying native civilizations and establishing Spanish rule.
Westward expansion
The document discusses the key factors that influenced westward expansion in the United States, including geographic obstacles, technologies, policies, and the social and economic impacts. It addresses how physical features, climate, resources, railroads, and the Homestead Act affected travel and settlement. It also examines conflicts between miners, farmers, ranchers, and various ethnic groups, as well as the effects of expansion on Native Americans, including land disputes, warfare, and changes in federal policy.
World History Intro
The document provides an introduction to world history, including key terms and concepts. It discusses how the oldest human fossils were found in Africa by Louis and Mary Leakey and Donald Johanson. It also outlines some of the biggest achievements in world history, such as the invention of tools, language, and wheels. Additionally, it introduces the four early river valley civilizations that arose around 3500 BCE in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China due to fertile land and water resources.
The Ancient Greece
1. Ancient Greece developed along the coasts and islands of the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor, characterized by proximity to the sea, mountainous terrain, and numerous islands.
2. Greek civilization evolved from pre-Hellenic cultures like the Minoans and Mycenaeans, followed by the Archaic period marked by the rise of city-states (poleis) like Athens and Sparta. During the Classical period, Athens and Sparta grew powerful but rivalry led to the Peloponnesian War, weakening the poleis.
3. Alexander the Great then conquered the Persian Empire and established Hellenistic kingdoms across Western Asia and Egypt, spreading Greek culture widely.
9.the americas a separate world 40000 bc to 700 ad
- The earliest Americans migrated to North and South America over a land bridge between Asia and Alaska during the last Ice Age, from around 40,000 to 10,000 BC, following animal herds. They hunted mammoths and other large game.
- The Olmec were the first known civilization in Mesoamerica, located in southern Mexico from around 1200 BC. They influenced later Mesoamerican cultures with their artwork, ball courts, and elite ruling class.
- In Peru, early civilizations arose between 3600-2500 BC, and the Chavin civilization emerged as a primarily religious civilization from 900-200 BC, influencing art styles and architecture across the Andes.
The Civil War
Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860. In response, South Carolina seceded from the Union in December 1860 and formed the Confederate States of America in February 1861. The Civil War began in April 1861 when Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Over the next four years, there were many major battles between Union and Confederate forces across rivers, coastlines, and states as the Union tried to regain control and split the Confederacy through its Anaconda Plan blockade. Key battles and events shifted momentum between the North and South until General Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House in April 1865, effectively ending the Civil War.
South Asia Presentation
The document provides an overview of the geography, history, and religions of South Asia. It summarizes that South Asia was formed when a piece of Gondwanaland collided with Asia, forming the Himalayas. It describes the major geographical features and climate of South Asia. It then outlines the major empires that ruled over South Asia, including the Mauryan Empire, Gupta Empire, Mughal Empire, and eventual British colonization. The document also summarizes the origins and key beliefs of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and the ancient Indus Valley Civilization.
Secession and civil war ppt
The document summarizes the events leading up to and during the American Civil War from 1860-1865. It discusses Southern secession after Lincoln's election, failed compromise attempts, the formation of the Confederate States, and key battles such as Fort Sumter, which marked the start of the war. The war was the world's first "total war" and had enormous social, political, and economic impacts, including the end of slavery and strengthened federal power. The turning point was 1863, when the Emancipation Proclamation reframed the war as being about ending slavery and the Union gained momentum on the battlefield.
The Politics of War
VERY Brief presentation about the Emancipation Proclamation and British position. Includes Common Core Practice. For use with the Americans section 11.2.
Ancient greece geography
Greece has a varied landscape ranging from mountains to valleys and coastlines. Its climate is Mediterranean, with hot, dry summers and mild, wetter winters influenced by the sea. Ancient Greece consisted of independent city-states that were often at war with each other, and Sparta was known for its fierce warriors.
Mongols Genghis Khan origins society, empire
The Mongols originated on the Mongolian steppes and were nomadic pastoralists skilled in horsemanship and archery. Under Genghis Khan in the 1200s, they created a unified military force and used innovative tactics like mobility and psychological warfare to build the largest land empire in world history, conquering regions from Eastern Europe to East Asia. Their empire peaked under subsequent khans but later fragmented into four khanates, with conquered regions experiencing varying levels of destruction and administration under Mongol rule.
Chapter 21 world war 1 notes (revised December 2013)
Woodrow Wilson intended to keep America out of foreign affairs, but several factors pulled the US into World War 1. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led to escalating tensions between European alliances. America entered the war in 1917 after German U-boats sank American ships. On the Western Front, brutal trench warfare led to massive casualties with no clear gains. The US helped turn the tide by joining the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in 1918, leading to Germany's defeat. Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points aimed to establish a lasting peace, but the resulting Treaty of Versailles was harsh on Germany, sowing seeds for future conflict.
The populist movement
The document summarizes the Populist Movement of the 1880s-1890s in the United States. Key aspects included angry farmers forming the Populist Party to protest economic problems affecting many groups. The 1890s experienced the worst economic depression at that time. The Populist Platform advocated for ideas like free silver and women's suffrage. William Jennings Bryan and Mary Elizabeth Lease were important Populist figures. The Wizard of Oz can be seen as a political allegory representing these tensions through its characters. The Panic of 1893 exacerbated the economic problems, but recovery began before Congress passed relief measures as demand increased in Europe.
The Persian Wars
The Persian Wars consisted of several key battles between 499-479 BCE when the Persians invaded Greece. The wars began with the Ionian Revolt when Greek cities rebelled against Persian rule. This led to the Battle of Marathon where the Athenians defeated the first Persian invasion force. The second invasion was larger, led by Xerxes, and included battles at Thermopylae, where Spartans heroically delayed the Persians, and Salamis, where the larger Persian navy was defeated by the Greeks. The final battle was Plataea, resulting in a Greek victory and ending the wars, leaving Athens as the dominant power in Greece.
Absolutism
This document discusses the development of absolute monarchy in Europe from the 16th to 18th centuries. It describes how monarchs asserted divine right to rule and centralized power by growing bureaucracies. Religious conflicts weakened the Holy Roman Empire and led to the Peace of Westphalia, recognizing independent states. The English Civil War established constitutional monarchy with shared power between monarch and parliament. Louis XIV ruled France absolutely but weakened it financially. Conflicts between Austria and Prussia continued into the Seven Years' War. Peter the Great modernized Russia by westernizing reforms.
Kingdoms of Ancient West Africa
Three important West African empires were Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. Ghana was the first empire, located along the Niger River valley. Traders brought salt and gold, which helped the empire grow wealthy. Later, Mali rose as the dominant empire under Sundiata and Mansa Musa. The capital was Niani and the major city was Timbuktu, a center for trade, Islam, and education. When Mali declined, Songhai took over as the last major West African empire, ruling from Gao along the Niger River.
The California Gold Rush
In 1848, gold was discovered in California, sparking the California Gold Rush. Word of the discovery quickly spread, with thousands traveling from around the United States and the world to seek their fortune in the gold fields. While some struck riches, most found only difficult living conditions with long hours of backbreaking work for little pay amid disease and hardship. Though the surface gold was soon depleted, the Gold Rush transformed California and contributed to the wider settlement of the American West.
Ghana, mali, songhai ppt
The Ghana Empire was the first major African empire located along the trans-Saharan trade route, controlling the lucrative salt and gold trade. Its wealth allowed expansion until conquered by the Mali Empire in the 1200s seeking to control the trade routes. The Mali Empire grew further under Mansa Musa but internal conflicts weakened it, allowing the Songhai Empire to rise led by the great ruler Askia. However, European arrival with guns upset the balance of power, eventually colonizing Africa. The empires demonstrate how large nations struggle with control, forcing non-powers to innovate while powers resist change, all contributing to the rise and fall of African empires over time.
Why Study History
This document discusses the importance and value of studying history. It argues that history is essential for understanding who we are as a society, where we have been, and where we are going. Studying history helps us become better informed citizens and critical thinkers by learning from the mistakes of the past. The document also notes that history is made up of real people, events, heroes and villains, and that understanding different points of view is important when studying history.
Delian And Peloponnesian League
Athens formed the Delian League in response to Persian invasions, with Athens becoming the dominant member as other city-states paid tribute. Sparta created the Peloponnesian League to protect the Peloponnesus region. Tensions grew between Athens' increasing power and Sparta's alliance, leading to the 27-year Peloponnesian War between them. With Persian support of Sparta and a plague in Athens, Sparta was able to defeat Athens in 404 BC.
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9.the americas a separate world 40000 bc to 700 ad
9.the americas a separate world 40000 bc to 700 ad
Chapter 21 world war 1 notes (revised December 2013)
Chapter 21 world war 1 notes (revised December 2013)
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The document summarizes the transition of Rome from a republic to an empire. It describes the problems the late Roman Republic faced, including social unrest, rebellions, and civil war. This led to the rise of prominent military leaders who took control, like Julius Caesar and Augustus, ending the Republic. Under the emperors Rome experienced stability, expansion, and cultural growth during the Pax Romana period. The Roman government, legal system, and trade tied the vast empire together.
World History Chapter 6: Ancient Rome and Early Christianity
1) Rome was founded in the 8th century BC by Romulus and Remus on the Tiber River. It was built on seven hills and became a center of power in the Italian peninsula due to its strategic location and fertile soil.
2) In the early republic, Rome transitioned from villages to a city covering 500 square miles. However, the patricians and plebeians struggled for power and influence.
3) Julius Caesar rose to power as a military leader and was appointed dictator for life, concentrating power in his hands. However, many senators saw him as a threat and assassinated him, plunging Rome into further civil war and destroying the Roman Republic.
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Ch 12
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World History Ch. 6 Section 1 Notes
1. Rome began as a small town along the Tiber River in Italy. Its location provided protection and access to important trade routes by land and sea. Rome later became a republic with a system of checks and balances between patricians and plebeians.
2. During the Roman Republic, Rome was a thriving city centered around the Forum. It was both a political and social center.
3. Rome's expansion led to conflicts with Carthage known as the Punic Wars. After three wars, Rome defeated Carthage and destroyed the city.
The Rise of Christianity and the Fall of Rome
The document discusses reasons for the emergence of Christianity in ancient Rome and the decline and fall of the Western Roman Empire. It describes how Christianity grew despite early conflicts with Rome and how military, economic, and social problems weakened the empire. Diocletian split Rome into Western and Eastern sections for easier rule but the Western part continued declining due to invasions by groups like the Visigoths and Vandals until the fall of Rome in 476 CE.
The roman republic chpt. 12 study guide
The document provides a study guide for examining the Roman Republic. It outlines topics such as cultural diffusion between the Athenians and Etruscans that influenced Roman culture, the roles of men and women in Roman society, comparisons between the Roman Republic and the American government, the evolution of the legion and maniple military formations, differences between the rich and poor in terms of living conditions, roles in government, occupations, rights, and population numbers. It also describes geographical features of the Italian Peninsula that aided trade, as well as the later spread, wealth, corruption, leaders, provinces, and treatment of the poor during the Roman Empire period.
Ch. 6: The Byzantine Empire
The document summarizes key aspects of the Byzantine Empire and Eastern Orthodox Church. It describes Constantinople as the wealthy capital city with advanced infrastructure. Emperor Justinian rebuilt the city after a rebellion and established new laws and expanded the empire's borders. The Eastern Orthodox Church was the dominant religion and viewed the emperor as both religious and political leader, in contrast to the growing power of the Pope in the Western Church, leading to a final split between the two in 1054.
First christans in Rome
Christianity began in Rome but early Christians faced persecution as they refused to worship Roman gods. Emperor Nero persecuted Christians in the first century, having some torn apart by dogs or burned alive. The earliest Christians in Rome tended to be poorer citizens and slaves, as Christianity taught equality and an afterlife in heaven. They met secretly in homes since they lacked church buildings. Persecution continued until Emperor Constantine legalized Christianity in the 4th century, though some Christians like Perpetua and Felicity still faced martyrdom for their faith in the early 3rd century.
World history roman republic
The document summarizes the origins and early government of ancient Rome. It describes how Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus and was settled by Latins, Etruscans, and Greeks. Rome developed a republican government with citizens electing leaders like consuls and tribunes. Power was split between the patrician aristocrats and plebeian commoners, and the institutions of the Senate and assemblies allowed citizens to participate in rule. The Roman army was made up of citizen soldiers who were required to serve.
Roman Republic Guided Notes
The Roman Republic began after Rome drove out the Etruscans. It established a system of government with citizens having certain rights. The leaders were called representatives who served in the governing body known as the Senate, which was initially comprised solely of patricians. As Rome grew, the plebeians demanded more rights and protections against the power of the patricians. The Republic fought three Punic Wars over 120 years against the city-state of Carthage, eventually defeating them. Wealth poured into Rome but also increased inequality, weakening the Republic. Julius Caesar's conquests and accumulation of power threatened the patricians and he was assassinated, effectively ending the 500 year old Roman Republic.
World History Ch. 6 Section 3 Notes
Roman society was stratified between the wealthy, who lived in large homes with amenities, and the poor, who lived in crowded apartment buildings. Entertainment like gladiator battles and chariot races were popular among all classes. Rome developed technologies like concrete and aqueducts, and architectural styles like arches and vaults that still influence buildings today. Roman influences also extended to areas like language, literature, science, and law, as civil law systems based on Roman code were adopted around the world.
Historical Geography
The document summarizes key periods and events in world history that led to the development of some countries and ongoing challenges in others. It explains that the Renaissance and Industrial Revolution empowered European nations, leading to an age of imperialism between 1500-1900 as they colonized much of the world. Former colonies struggled with dependence and debt after independence. Global issues now include refugees, human rights, terrorism, and environmental problems.
Bi 208 The rise of christianity and the world of rome
Under the Pax Romana, the Roman Empire entered a period of peace that allowed new ideas like Christianity to spread widely. Christianity began as a sect of Judaism based on the teachings of Jesus Christ. Although some Romans persecuted Christians and Jews, the religion grew rapidly. Eventually, Emperor Constantine legalized Christianity and it became the official religion of Rome under Theodosius.
AP WH Chapter 12 PPT
The document discusses nomadic groups in Central and Inner Asia from 1200-1500 CE. Specifically, it describes how nomadic groups depended on scarce resources and faced conflicts during times of scarcity, leading to alliances and migration. It also outlines that Mongol groups had a strongly hierarchical organization headed by a khan, though khans had to get decisions approved by leader councils, and powerful Mongol groups demanded tribute from weaker ones.
World History Ch. 6 Section 4 Notes
Christianity began as a sect of Judaism based on the teachings of Jesus Christ. It gradually spread throughout the Roman Empire due to the missionary work of the Apostles like Paul of Tarsus, who helped establish Christian churches. As Christianity grew, it developed rituals like baptism and communion, and priests trained to perform these ceremonies took on authority. The church structure expanded as well, with bishops overseeing local churches and the bishop of Rome becoming the Pope, head of the growing Christian Church.
Jat Chapter 09
The document provides an overview of three sections from a chapter on Roman civilization:
1. Life in Ancient Rome - It discusses Roman cultural achievements like architecture, art, literature and daily life including roles of men, women, and slaves.
2. The Fall of Rome - Weakened by invaders, plagues and economic troubles, the Western Roman Empire fell in the 5th century AD, while the Eastern Empire continued.
3. The Byzantine Empire - After the fall of Rome, the Eastern Empire flourished as the Byzantine Empire with its capital at Constantinople.
Ephesians for Beginners - #3 - The City and Church of Ephesus
This lesson examines the historical and social settings in which the church at Ephesus was established.
A Biblical model for rural church planting in Philemon 1 -3
These slides accompany the audio (mp3) file at https://archive.org/details/Philemon13ABiblicalModelForRuralChurchPlanting
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World History Chapter 6: Ancient Rome and Early Christianity
World History Chapter 6: Ancient Rome and Early Christianity
Bi 208 The rise of christianity and the world of rome
Bi 208 The rise of christianity and the world of rome
Ephesians for Beginners - #3 - The City and Church of Ephesus
Ephesians for Beginners - #3 - The City and Church of Ephesus
A Biblical model for rural church planting in Philemon 1 -3
A Biblical model for rural church planting in Philemon 1 -3
Similar to Chapter 6 - World History
History of the roman empire
The document provides an overview of the geography and history of ancient Rome. It discusses how Rome's central location in Italy contributed to its success in unifying the Italian peninsula and surrounding Mediterranean lands. Key events summarized include the transition from kingdom to republic around 509 BCE, the expansion of Roman territory through military conquests, the establishment of an empire under Augustus, and the eventual split of the empire into western and eastern halves in the 4th century CE. The document also examines factors that influenced the rise and fall of the Roman Empire such as geography, expansion, civil wars, and invasions by barbarian groups.
History of the roman empire
The document provides an overview of the geography and history of ancient Rome. It discusses how Rome's central location in Italy contributed to its success in unifying the Italian peninsula and surrounding Mediterranean lands. Key events summarized include the transition from kingdom to republic around 509 BCE, the expansion of Roman territory through military conquests, the establishment of an empire under Augustus, and the eventual split of the empire into western and eastern halves in the 4th century CE. The document also examines factors that influenced the rise and fall of the Roman Empire such as invasions by barbarian tribes, the adoption of Christianity as the official religion, and the lasting impacts of Roman civilization.
Ch. 6.1--Ancient Rome
Over several centuries, Rome built a massive empire that controlled portions of three continents by the 2nd century AD. The Roman Republic was established in the 8th century BC, replacing a monarchy. Power was shared between two consuls, the Senate, and citizen assemblies. Through conquest over centuries, Rome came to dominate the Mediterranean, defeating Carthage in the Punic Wars. By the 1st century BC, the Roman Republic controlled territory from Spain to Anatolia.
2. Ancient Rome
The document discusses the origins and early history of Ancient Rome. It began as independent tribes inhabiting the Italian peninsula in the 8th century BC, including the Etruscans, Latins, and Greeks. According to legend, Rome was founded in 753 BC by the twin brothers Romulus and Remus. In fact, archaeological evidence suggests Rome was founded as a settlement in the mid-8th century BC. Rome eventually developed into a monarchy, then a republic with power shared among assemblies, magistrates, and senators. The republic expanded Rome's territory through military conquests across Italy and the Mediterranean region over centuries.
Rome
The document discusses problems in the late Roman Republic that led to its downfall and the rise of the Roman Empire. Slave revolts, social unrest, and civil wars weakened the Republic. Julius Caesar took control and became dictator for life, but was assassinated, leading Octavian to defeat his rivals and end the Republic, founding the Roman Empire instead. The Pax Romana period that followed brought stability, strong government, widespread trade, and peace across the empire for over 200 years.
Roman Civilization Essay
The Roman Republic collapsed due to the actions of the Senate, powerful generals, and politicians. The Senate became corrupt and lost touch with the people. Powerful generals like Pompey and Caesar pursued personal power over the good of the Republic. Politicians like Caesar disrupted the traditional balance of power and established himself as a dictator, ending the Republic and beginning the Empire.
Rise of rome
The document summarizes the origins and history of ancient Rome from its founding by Romulus and Remus through the rise of Christianity. It describes how Rome was built on seven hills with advantages for farming. It then discusses the Roman Republic and the shift to empire under Augustus, the expansion of Roman rule throughout the Mediterranean. It also covers the life and teachings of Jesus Christ and the spread of Christianity throughout the Roman world, particularly by the Apostle Paul.
Fall Of Rome Pwpt
The document summarizes the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It lists several political, economic, social, and military causes that contributed to Rome's decline, including oppressive government, increased taxes, reliance on slave labor, population decline from war and disease, poorly trained armies with little loyalty, and invasions by Germanic tribes. By the 5th century AD, the Western Roman Empire had collapsed as Roman provinces fell one by one to invading barbarian tribes.
The roman empire
this is to give a detail account of the rise and fall of roman empire in detail which would be very helpful to the students in my opinion.
Thankyou
Rise of rome
The document summarizes the origins and history of ancient Rome from its founding by Romulus and Remus through the rise of Christianity. It describes how Rome was built on seven hills with advantages for farming. It then discusses the Roman Republic and the system of government, as well as Rome's expansion throughout Italy and conflicts with Carthage. The document also profiles important Roman leaders like Julius Caesar and Augustus and the transition to empire. Finally, it outlines the spread of Christianity through the missions of Jesus, Paul, and others.
Roman Republic
The document provides background information on the founding and early history of Rome. It describes how, according to legend, Romulus and Remus founded Rome after being raised by a she-wolf. In reality, Rome was built between 1000-500 BC by the Latin people along the Tiber River in a strategic location. The city grew powerful under Etruscan kings but the Romans revolted in 509 BC and established a republic. The republic was ruled by consuls, senators, and citizen assemblies and expanded Rome's territory through military conquests.
Rome: The Early Republic
The early Roman Republic established elected leaders and a system of law instead of a monarchy. When threatened by outside forces, dictators like Cincinnatus were chosen to lead the military with absolute power for temporary periods. Cincinnatus quickly defeated enemies and then immediately resigned and returned to farming, showing his lack of desire for ongoing power and prioritization of his citizen duties. Through constant warfare with neighbors, Rome expanded its territory across the Italian peninsula during this period, incorporating other peoples' lands and establishing itself as a major military power.
Ancient Rome
Rome began as a small village but grew to become a powerful republic ruled initially by kings and later by elected leaders. Power was shared between the Senate, consuls, and citizen assemblies. Through military expansion, by 200 BC Rome controlled land from Greece to Spain. Later, political divisions emerged between the patrician elite and plebeians. The Gracchi brothers attempted land reform but were killed, sparking violence. Rome transitioned to empire under Augustus, though abuses of power by later emperors weakened it. Christianity emerged and was adopted by Constantine, but the empire declined due to overspending, crime, taxation, and invasions.
Ancient Rome
Rome began as a small village but grew to become a powerful republic ruled initially by kings and later by elected leaders. Power was shared between the Senate, consuls, and citizen assemblies. Through military expansion, by 200 BC Rome controlled land from Greece to Spain. Later, populists like the Gracchi brothers sought to help the poor against opposition from aristocrats, fueling political instability. Rome transitioned from a republic to an empire under Augustus, but weak emperors and invasions contributed to the empire's decline.
The beginnings of rome
The document provides an overview of the origins and early history of ancient Rome. It discusses:
1) The founding of Rome in 753 BC by the twins Romulus and Remus according to legend, with Romulus killing Remus and tracing the city boundaries around Palatine Hill.
2) How the Etruscans conquered Rome in the 600s BC but the Romans overthrew the Etruscan kings to regain self-rule, marking the beginnings of the Roman Republic.
3) How Rome was established on seven hills along the Tiber River for its strategic location and fertile farmland, and grew from a city to a large empire over centuries of expansion.
Rome, From Village To Empire
Rome began as a village founded by Romulus and Remus on the Italian peninsula around 750 BCE. It was located on fertile land near rivers with access to the Mediterranean Sea. The early Roman republic had a government consisting of two consuls, a senate of patricians, and a tribal assembly of plebeians. Rome expanded across the Italian peninsula through the 3rd century BCE, building roads to help unify and connect their territories, until it had conquered the entire peninsula and islands of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily. Rome then fought three Punic Wars against Carthage between 264-146 BCE to gain control of the Mediterranean.
Ancient rome overview per cmapp
The document summarizes the legendary founding of Rome by the twin brothers Romulus and Remus, whose mother was a Latin woman and father was the god Mars. It notes that Romans believed this divine origin. It then provides context about the Latins who founded Rome in 753 BCE.
516
The document provides details about the geography, expansion, urban decay, religions, achievements, politics, economy, social structure, and fall of ancient Rome. It describes how Rome was founded on seven hills along the Tiber River and expanded throughout the Mediterranean region over centuries of conquest. As the empire grew, social issues like unemployment and inflation contributed to economic difficulties. The transition from Roman Republic to Empire changed the political system from one ruled by senators and citizens to one led by emperors.
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The Roman Empire began around 600 BC when Etruscan kings ruled Rome. In 509 BC, the Romans overthrew the Etruscan king and founded a republic led by elected leaders. Julius Caesar rose to power as a military leader and was named dictator for life in 44 BC. After his assassination, his supporters took control and established the Roman Empire under Augustus, who brought two centuries of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana. However, by the third century AD the empire began to decline due to economic problems, invasions, and military turmoil. Diocletian attempted reforms but Constantine moved the capital to Constantinople, and eventually the western half of the empire fell.
314
The most important ideas about Rome are its achievements that still influence modern society. The Latin language formed the basis for many current languages. Rome's early law codes influenced later legal systems. Technologies like aqueducts and roads shaped infrastructure, while military organization foreshadowed modern armies. Overall, Rome left a profound legacy through its language, laws, technologies, and military strategies that can still be seen today.
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After World War 1, several new nations had democratic governments that quickly collapsed, giving rise to dictators like Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, and Hideki Tojo. These dictators all rose to power through military or political means and established totalitarian states controlled by a single leader. Their aggressive actions contributed to the start of World War 2, including Hitler's invasion of Poland in 1939. The war resulted in widespread death and destruction across Europe and Asia over the next several years before ending with the Allied victories in Europe in 1945 and Japan in 1945.
Chapters 22 And 23
The document discusses the Great Depression and President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs to address it. It provides background on the causes of the Depression, including outdated industries, farm issues, easy credit, and unequal income distribution. Roosevelt implemented relief programs like the CCC and WPA to provide jobs as well as the FDIC, SEC, Social Security, and other "alphabet soup" programs for financial reform and relief for those in need. His policies aimed to provide financial reform, relief, and economic recovery from the Depression.
Ch 20,21 The Roaring Twenties
The document summarizes several key aspects of life in the United States during the 1920s. Three trends dominated this period: renewed isolationism, the resurgence of nativism, and political conservatism. President Harding encouraged a return to "normalcy" but his administration was plagued by scandals. Communism was seen as a threat, leading to raids targeting suspected communists. Business boomed, especially in the automobile industry, and new technologies like radio and movies shaped mass culture. Prohibition was also enacted but widely resisted, leading to the growth of organized crime.
Chapter 27
This document provides an overview of the economic boom that occurred in the United States after World War II. It discusses factors that contributed to the economic growth, such as war savings giving people money to spend and women entering the workforce. Programs like the GI Bill and growth of the suburbs also supported economic recovery. The postwar period saw rising standards of living, consumerism, and cultural changes like the emergence of rock music and the teenager subculture. However, it was also a time of social tensions regarding civil rights.
Chapter 26 The Cold War
The document summarizes key events and issues during the Cold War era. It describes how tensions arose between the US and Soviet Union following WWII over the development of the atomic bomb. The Cold War led to divisions in Europe and Asia, with some nations falling under communist rule. In Korea, the North invaded the South in 1950, leading to war between the two sides aided by China and the US respectively. The conflict ended in a stalemate along the original border. During this time, fears over communism grew in the US, resulting in investigations into perceived communist influences in Hollywood and fears stoked by Senator McCarthy.
Wwi Notes
The document summarizes the key causes and events of World War I. It discusses how nationalism, militarism, imperialism, and the alliance system contributed to rising tensions between European powers. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand provided the spark that led countries to take sides and enter the war. The U.S. eventually joined the Allies and helped ensure their victory through industrial production, military support, and fresh troops arriving in Europe. The Treaty of Versailles after the war was punitive towards Germany but rejected Woodrow Wilson's vision of a just peace through self-determination and the League of Nations.
Chapter 18 Notes
The document discusses imperialism and the role of the United States in the world. It asks questions about when the US has a duty to fight for freedom in other countries and discusses recent wars in Iraq and concerns with North Korea. It also lists lands that were of interest to the US, including Hawaii, Cuba, Panama, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico, noting which were acquired and became part of the US or remained independent.
Chapter 16, S 3 4
This document summarizes aspects of mass culture and discrimination in the late 19th/early 20th century United States. It describes the rise of popular leisure activities like sports and shopping. It also outlines how advertising, newspapers, and mail order catalogs contributed to the spread of mass culture. Finally, it discusses legalized discrimination against African Americans, including voting restrictions and Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation in public places according to the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision.
Chapter 16, S. 1 2
New technologies and urban planning improved life at the turn of the century. Streetcars and skyscrapers addressed the needs of growing cities. Inventions like airplanes, cameras, automobiles, and printing presses made information sharing and transportation easier. Education also changed with increased attendance, high school addition, and vocational focus.
Chapter 13
The document provides an overview of migration and industrialization in the late 19th century United States. It discusses the movement of Native Americans, white settlers, and immigrants to the western frontier, driven by desires for land, economic opportunity, and the American Dream. It also outlines the government's attempts to force Native Americans off their lands through broken treaties, killing of buffalo herds, and violence like the Wounded Knee massacre. Industrialization and policies like the Homestead Act spurred further migration, while the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad connected the country. Farmers faced hardship and formed the Populist movement to advocate for economic reforms benefiting agricultural workers.
The Lincoln Assassination
John Wilkes Booth assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theater in Washington D.C. on April 14, 1865. Booth was a southern sympathizer who originally planned to kidnap Lincoln, but changed his plan to assassination. He mortally wounded Lincoln with a single shot to the back of the head. Booth then escaped and went into hiding, but was later found and killed. The assassination occurred only 5 days after Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered, effectively ending the Civil War.
Chapter 11
The document discusses the causes and early events of the American Civil War. It addresses three long-term causes: the system of slavery, regionalism between the North and South, and states' rights. Three short-term causes that led to the war are also identified: the election of Abraham Lincoln, the secession of South Carolina from the Union, and the firing on Fort Sumter in South Carolina by Confederate forces. The strategies of the North and South during the early part of the war are briefly described, including the Battle of Bull Run which was an early Confederate victory.
Chapter 8 - American History
The document summarizes several reforms that took place in American society in the 19th century sparked by religious movements. The Second Great Awakening emphasized individual salvation and responsibility for self-improvement. Transcendentalism focused on finding truth in nature. Dorothea Dix persuaded Congress to improve prison conditions. Women became involved in abolition, temperance, education, and healthcare reform. The Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 was a landmark women's rights meeting. Industrialization changed the workplace, leading to early factories and strikes to demand better conditions. Immigration increased greatly in the mid-19th century.
American History - Chapter 6
The document provides an overview of key events and issues during the establishment of the new American government following the Revolutionary War. It discusses how Washington and his cabinet established the executive and judicial branches, differing views between Hamilton and Jefferson that led to the formation of political parties, and foreign policy challenges such as relations with Native Americans and conflicts with Britain and France.
U.S. Constitution Review
The document is a review of the key elements of the U.S. Constitution. It contains multiple choice and matching questions about the branches of government, qualifications for elected positions, terms of office, Constitutional amendments, and impeachment processes. The review covers the legislative, executive, and judicial branches; roles of Congress, the President, and Supreme Court; and important rights and processes established in the Constitution.
Chapter 4, S3 & Chapter 5
1) The document summarizes key events from the American Revolution through the drafting and ratification of the US Constitution, including the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Constitutional Convention, and addition of the Bill of Rights.
2) It describes problems that arose under the Articles of Confederation, including a lack of national unity and federal power, which led to calls for a stronger central government.
3) At the Constitutional Convention, delegates debated issues of representation and the separation of powers, resulting in compromises like the Connecticut Compromise and Three-Fifths Compromise.
American History Chapter 4, S 1 and 2
The document summarizes tensions between the British colonies in North America and Britain that led up to the American Revolution. It describes how the French and Indian War resulted in debt for Britain which led them to impose taxes on the colonies. This caused unrest as the colonists felt they had no representation in Parliament. It outlines key events like the Stamp Act, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, and Intolerable Acts that increased colonial anger at British policies and control over the next decade and ultimately led the colonies to declare independence.
American History Chapter 3, Section 3
The document summarizes key differences and events in the Commercial North and South regions during the colonial period. The North had a more diverse population with many religions and ethnic groups engaged in a variety of industries and cities, while the South had a more uniform population centered around agriculture and slave labor. This led the North to experience two influential intellectual movements - The Great Awakening, a religious revival that encouraged questioning authority, and The Enlightenment, which applied reason and science to understand natural laws and individual rights.
American History Chapter 3, Section 2
Tobacco became the profitable cash crop that saved the Jamestown colony, but it was a labor-intensive crop to cultivate. Plantation owners in the South from 1690 to 1750 utilized indentured servants and enslaved Africans for labor, as indigenous natives had proved too difficult to enslave as they knew the land and could escape. Enslaved Africans were obtained through the triangular trade and endured the dreaded Middle Passage. Slaves resisted their owners through methods like faking illness, breaking tools, and working slowly, though rebellions like the Stono Rebellion in South Carolina led to crackdowns and punishment of slaves whether involved or not.
American History Chapter 3, Section 1
Mercantilism was England's economic policy that aimed to make England the wealthiest country by accumulating gold and silver. Under this policy, the colonies were important because they provided raw materials for English industries and markets for English manufactured goods. The Navigation Acts required colonies to only trade with England and use English ships, benefitting England by increasing trade through English ports and benefitting the colonies by protecting colonial shipping. However, the Acts also restricted colonial trade and industry.
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