Anatomy and physiology of ear
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The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the human ear. It is divided into four main parts: the outer, middle and inner ear, as well as the central auditory nervous system. Sound waves enter the outer ear and cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate, transmitting the vibrations through a chain of small bones called ossicles in the middle ear. This causes fluid in the inner ear's cochlea to move, shearing hair cells that generate electrical signals to the brain via the auditory nerve. The brain interprets these signals as sound.
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If you find it helpful then please like it & if any query regarding this ppt or upcoming ppts then mail me
drsuraj1997@gmail.com
Development of the middle ear is not covered in this presentation. If you are interested then please mail me. I will try to upload it as a separate one.
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I have tried my level best to complete this one. Basics & subjective details as much possible, are included here with understandable diagrams, CT-scans & charts. Clinical associations with possible anatomical structures are also touched . Frequent questions based on the topic discussed, will be there at the middle & end of presentation.
If you find it helpful then please like it & if any query regarding this ppt or upcoming ppts then mail me
drsuraj1997@gmail.com
Development of the middle ear is not covered in this presentation. If you are interested then please mail me. I will try to upload it as a separate one.
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2) In the inner ear, sound causes the basilar membrane to vibrate, stimulating hair cells. This leads to a change in the hair cell membrane potential and the generation of action potentials in the auditory nerve.
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1. It describes the relevant anatomy involved in voice production, including the vocal ligaments, vestibular ligaments, and nerve supply to the larynx.
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Anatomy and physiology of the eye
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The ear is divided into the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects sound and directs it through the external auditory canal. The middle ear contains three small bones that amplify vibrations from the ear drum. The inner ear contains the cochlea for hearing and the vestibular system for balance, with hair cells that transmit signals through the vestibulocochlear nerve to the brain.
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The ear is divided into four main parts: the outer, middle, inner ear, and central auditory nervous system. Sound waves are gathered by the outer ear and cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate, transmitting the vibrations through the ossicles to the cochlea. This movement of the ossicles changes sound energy into mechanical vibration. In the cochlea, vibrations cause fluid motion that bends hair cells, generating electrical signals sent to the brain along the auditory nerve. The brain interprets these signals as sound.
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The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the human ear. It discusses the main components of the hearing mechanism, including the outer, middle and inner ear, as well as the central auditory nervous system. Sound travels through the outer ear canal to the tympanic membrane, which vibrates and converts sound waves to mechanical energy. The ossicular chain amplifies these vibrations and passes them to the inner ear fluids and structures, like the cochlea, which converts them to electrical signals sent by the auditory nerve to the brain for perception and analysis of sound.
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The document provides information about the physiology of hearing. It discusses the anatomy and functions of the external ear, middle ear, and inner ear. The three parts summarize as follows:
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The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the human ear. It describes the ear as having three main parts: the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects sounds and directs them through the external auditory canal to the tympanic membrane. The middle ear contains three small bones called ossicles that transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. The inner ear converts these vibrations into neural signals for hearing and maintains balance. The cochlea and vestibular system within the inner ear work together to provide hearing and equilibrium.
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The ear is divided into three parts: the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them through the external auditory canal to the eardrum. The middle ear contains three small bones (ossicles) that amplify vibrations through bone conduction to the inner ear. The inner ear converts vibrations into neural signals for hearing and balance via the cochlea and semicircular canals. Sound waves are transduced into mechanical, then hydraulic, then electrical energy as they travel through the ear to be interpreted by the brain.
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The document summarizes the anatomy and functions of the external, middle, and internal ear. It begins by introducing the three parts of the ear and their functions in hearing and balance. It then provides more detailed descriptions of each part, including their structures, boundaries, contents, blood supply, and relevant clinical notes. The external ear collects and conducts sound, the middle ear intensifies vibrations via the ossicles, and the internal ear converts sounds into nerve impulses for hearing and maintains balance.
anatomy of ear
The document summarizes the anatomy and functions of the external, middle, and internal ear. It begins by introducing the three parts of the ear and their functions in hearing and balance. It then provides more detailed descriptions of each part, including their structures, boundaries, contents, blood supply, and relevant clinical notes. The external ear collects and conducts sound, the middle ear intensifies vibrations via the ossicles, and the internal ear converts sounds into nerve impulses for hearing and maintains balance.
Anatomy of ear BY Ms.Sapna Rani
The outer ear consists of skin and cartilage, called the auricle, or pinna, and the ear canal. The ear drum, or tympanic membrane, is a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear. The middle ear is an air-filled chamber containing three small bones called ossicles. The main parts of the ear are the outer ear, the eardrum (tympanic membrane), the middle ear, and the inner ear.n an adult human, 3 bones( malleus, incus, stapes) are present as ear ossicles. The outer ear is made up of cartilage and skin. There are three different parts to the outer ear; the tragus, helix and the lobule. EAR CANAL
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This document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the ear and the mechanism of hearing. It describes the external, middle, and inner ear structures. The external ear collects sound waves which vibrate the tympanic membrane. The middle ear contains three ossicles that transmit vibrations to the inner ear. The inner ear's cochlea converts vibrations into neural signals via hair cells. Together, the structures amplify and transmit sounds to be interpreted by the brain.
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The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the ear. It describes the three main parts of the ear - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects and directs sound waves. The middle ear contains the eardrum, ossicles, and muscles that amplify vibrations. The inner ear includes the cochlea for hearing and vestibular system for balance, detecting sound waves and body movement. It also discusses how hearing and balance functions are mediated through the acoustic and vestibular nerves to the brain.
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FRONT SLIDE-1.pptxear anatomy and physiology
The document discusses the anatomy of the human ear. It is divided into three parts: the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them through the external auditory canal to the middle ear. The middle ear contains three small bones that transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. The inner ear, located in the temporal bone, contains fluid-filled chambers and is responsible for both hearing and maintaining balance by converting sound waves into nerve signals.
NurseReview.Org - Ears Nose Throat Mouth Nursing Lecture
1. The document provides an overview of the anatomy and functions of the ears, nose, mouth, and throat. It describes the external, middle, and inner ear structures and their roles in hearing.
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This document provides an overview of the anatomy and examination of the ears, nose, mouth, and throat. It describes the key structures and functions of the external, middle, and inner ear. Examination of the ears involves inspection of the external ear canal and eardrum using an otoscope. Hearing is tested using voice tests and tuning fork tests. The nose contains structures that warm, moisten, and filter air as well as the olfactory receptors for smell. The mouth is the beginning of the digestive and respiratory tracts and contains the teeth, tongue, and salivary glands. The throat contains the tonsils and leads to the nasopharynx. Examination of the nose, mouth and throat
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1. The document provides an overview of the anatomy and functions of the ears, nose, mouth, and throat. It describes the external, middle, and inner ear structures and their roles in hearing.
2. The nose functions to warm, moisten, and filter air while also housing smell receptors. It is divided into external parts and internal nasal cavities containing turbinates and paranasal sinuses.
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The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the human ear and central auditory system. It begins by outlining the main components of the hearing mechanism, including the outer, middle and inner ear, as well as the central auditory nervous system. It then provides details on the structures and functions of each part, such as how sound travels through the ear canal, tympanic membrane, ossicles, cochlea and auditory nerve to be processed in the brain. Key structures along the central auditory pathways like the cochlear nuclei, superior olivary complex, lateral lemniscus, inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body are also summarized.
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and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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Anatomy and physiology of ear
- 1. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EAR Mr. Sathish R Assistant Professor
- 3. Main Components of the Hearing Mechanism: Divided into 4 parts (by function): Outer Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear Central Auditory Nervous System
- 4. Structures of the Outer Ear Auricle (Pinna) Gathers sound waves Aids in localization Amplifies sound approx. 5-6 dB
- 5. External Auditory Canal: Approx. 1 inch long “S” shaped Outer 1/3 surrounded by cartilage; inner 2/3 by mastoid bone Allows air to warm before reaching TM Isolates TM from physical damage Cerumen glands moisten/soften skin Presence of some cerumen is normal
- 6. Mastoid Process of Temporal Bone Bony ridge behind the auricle Hardest bone in body, protects cochlea and vestibular system Provides support to the external ear and posterior wall of the middle ear cavity Contains air cavities which can be reservoir for infection
- 7. MIDDLE EAR CLEFT Middle ear cavity Additus Antrum Mastoid air cells Eustachian tube
- 8. MIDDLE EAR CAVITY 6 sided box Lateral wall Medial wall Anterior wall Posterior wall Roof Floor
- 9. Tympanic Membrane Thin membrane Forms boundary between outer and middle ear Vibrates in response to sound waves Changes acoustical energy into mechanical energy
- 10. MEDIAL WALL
- 11. The Ossicles Ossicular chain = malleus, incus & stapes Malleus TM attaches at Umbo Incus Connector function Stapes Smallest bone in the body Footplate inserts in oval window on medial wall Focus/amplify vibration of TM to smaller area, enables vibration of cochlear fluids
- 13. Eustachian Tube (AKA: “The Equalizer”) Mucous-lined, connects middle ear cavity to nasopharynx “Equalizes” air pressure in middle ear Normally closed, opens under certain conditions May allow a pathway for infection Children “grow out of” most middle ear problems as this tube lengthens and becomes more vertical
- 14. Stapedius Muscle Attaches to stapes Contracts in response to loud sounds; (the Acoustic Reflex) Changes stapes mode of vibration; makes it less efficient and reduce loudness perceived Built-in earplugs! Absent acoustic reflex could signal conductive loss or marked sensorineural loss
- 15. Structures of the Inner Ear: The Cochlea
- 19. Central Auditory System VIIIth Cranial Nerve or “Auditory Nerve” Bundle of nerve fibers (25-30K) Travels from cochlea through internal auditory meatus to skull cavity and brain stem Carry signals from cochlea to primary auditory cortex, with continuous processing along the way Auditory Cortex Wernicke’s Area within Temporal Lobe of the brain Sounds interpreted based on experience/association
- 23. Acoustic energy -> Pinna -> EAM -> TM -> HOM > HOI -> LPI -> LePI -> HS -> FPS -> Oval windows -> Perilypmh (SV) -> Movement of endolymph -> Basilar membrane -> Hair cells > Depolarization -> Repolarization -> Cochlear nerve > Brain
- 24. Summary: How SoundSummary: How Sound Travels Through The EarTravels Through The Ear Acoustic energy, in the form of sound waves, is channeled into the ear canal by the pinna. Sound waves hit the tympanic membrane and cause it to vibrate, like a drum, changing it into mechanical energy. The malleus, which is attached to the tympanic membrane, starts the ossicles into motion. The stapes moves in and out of the oval window of the cochlea creating a fluid motion, or hydraulic energy. The fluid movement causes membranes in the Organ of Corti to shear against the hair cells. This creates an electrical signal which is sent up the Auditory Nerve to the brain. The brain interprets it as sound!
- 26. THANK YOU