The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses. It describes the external nose, nasal cavity, nasal septum, lateral walls of the nasal cavity, blood supply and nerve supply to the nose and nasal cavity. It then discusses the four paranasal sinuses - maxillary, frontal, sphenoidal and ethmoid sinuses - including their locations, openings and functions. It concludes with some clinical notes on examining the nose and sinuses and common conditions that may affect them.
Introduction
Functions
Development
Structure
Nasal cavity
Nasal septum
Lateral wall
Applied anatomy and pathology –
- danger area of nose
- nose bleeding
- foreign body in nose
- developmental nasal deformities
- nasal polyps
- mouth breathing
- rhinitis
Introduction
Functions
Development
Structure
Nasal cavity
Nasal septum
Lateral wall
Applied anatomy and pathology –
- danger area of nose
- nose bleeding
- foreign body in nose
- developmental nasal deformities
- nasal polyps
- mouth breathing
- rhinitis
External ear,tympanic membrane and auditory tube Dr.N.Mugunthan.M.S.,mgmcri1234
External ear,tympanic membrane and auditory tube - Lecture by Dr.N.Mugunthan.M.S.,Associate Professor, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Pondicherry,
Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University.
The ear is the organ of hearing and, in mammals, balance. In mammals, the ear is usually described as having three parts the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna and the ear canal.
The framework of the nose consists of bone and cartilage. Two small nasal bones and extensions of the maxillae form the bridge of the nose, which is the bony portion. The remainder of the framework is cartilage and is the flexible portion. Connective tissue and skin cover the framework.
Air enters the nasal cavity from the outside through two openings: the nostrils or external nares. The openings from the nasal cavity into the pharynx are the internal nares. Nose hairs at the entrance to the nose trap large inhaled particles.
Paranasal sinuses are air-filled cavities in the frontal, maxilae, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones. These sinuses, which have the same names as the bones in which they are located, surround the nasal cavity and open into it. They function to reduce the weight of the skull, to produce mucus, and to influence voice quality by acting as resonating chambers.
External ear,tympanic membrane and auditory tube Dr.N.Mugunthan.M.S.,mgmcri1234
External ear,tympanic membrane and auditory tube - Lecture by Dr.N.Mugunthan.M.S.,Associate Professor, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Pondicherry,
Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University.
The ear is the organ of hearing and, in mammals, balance. In mammals, the ear is usually described as having three parts the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna and the ear canal.
The framework of the nose consists of bone and cartilage. Two small nasal bones and extensions of the maxillae form the bridge of the nose, which is the bony portion. The remainder of the framework is cartilage and is the flexible portion. Connective tissue and skin cover the framework.
Air enters the nasal cavity from the outside through two openings: the nostrils or external nares. The openings from the nasal cavity into the pharynx are the internal nares. Nose hairs at the entrance to the nose trap large inhaled particles.
Paranasal sinuses are air-filled cavities in the frontal, maxilae, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones. These sinuses, which have the same names as the bones in which they are located, surround the nasal cavity and open into it. They function to reduce the weight of the skull, to produce mucus, and to influence voice quality by acting as resonating chambers.
surgical anatomy of nose is a humble attempt to make the anatomy of nose simpler and easy for medical students and fellow physicians. at the end of the presentation the students will be able to identify all the structures.
USMLE RESP 02 nose and paranasal sinuses anatomy medical .pdfAHMED ASHOUR
The nose and paranasal sinuses are interconnected structures in the upper respiratory system that play essential roles in the respiratory and olfactory processes.
Disorders of the nose and paranasal sinuses can include sinusitis (inflammation of the sinuses), nasal polyps, deviated septum, and various infections.
Proper care and treatment are essential to maintain respiratory function and overall health.
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Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
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The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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NYSORA Guideline
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
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This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
2. The Nose The nose consists of the external nose and the nasal cavity, Both are divided by a septum into right and left halves.
3. External Nose The external nose has two elliptical orifices called the naris (nostrils), which are separated from each other by the nasal septum. The lateral margin, the ala nasi, is rounded and mobile.
5. External Nose The framework of the external nose is made up above by the nasal bones, the frontal processes of the maxillae, and the nasal part of the frontal bone. Below, the framework is formed of plates of hyaline cartilage
7. Blood Supply of the External Nose The skin of the external nose is supplied by branches of the ophthalmic and the maxillary arteries. The skin of the ala and the lower part of the septum are supplied by branches from the facial artery.
8. Nerve Supply of the External Nose The infratrochlear and external nasal branches of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V) and the infraorbital branch of the maxillary nerve (CN V).
9. Nasal Cavity The nasal cavity has a floor, a roof, a lateral wall, a medial or septal wall.
10. The Floor of Nasal Cavity Palatine process maxilla Horizontal plate palatine bone
11. The Roof of Nasal Cavity Narrow It is formed anteriorly beneath the bridge of the nose by the nasal and frontal bones, in the middle by the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, located beneath the anterior cranial fossa, posteriorly by the downward sloping body of the sphenoid
12. The Medial Wall of Nasal Cavity The Nasal Septum Divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves It has osseous and cartilaginous parts Nasal septum consists of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone (superior), the vomer (inferior) and septial cartilage (anterior) Perpendicular Plate (ethmoid) Septal Cartilage Vomer
14. The Lateral Walls of Nasal Cavity Marked by 3 projections: Superior concha Middle concha Inferior concha The space below each concha is called a meatus.
19. Openings Into the Nasal Cavity Sphenoid sinus opens into sphenoethmoidal recess Anterior & middle ethmoid air cells, maxillary and frontal sinuses open into middle meatus Posterior ethmoidal air cells open into superior meatus Nasolacrimal Canal drains intoInferior Meatus
20. Blood Supply to the Nasal Cavity From branches of the maxillary artery, one of the terminal branches of the external carotid artery. The most important branch is the sphenopalatine artery. The sphenopalatine artery anastomoses with the septal branch of the superior labial branch of the facial artery in the region of the vestibule. The submucous venous plexus is drained by veins that accompany the arteries.
21. Blood Supply to the Nasal Cavity Sphenopalatine a. Maxillary a. Netter, Frank H., Atlas of Human Anatomy. Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Summit, N.J. 1993. Plate 35.
22. Nerve Supply of the Nasal Cavity The olfactory nerves from the olfactory mucous membrane ascend through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to the olfactory bulbs . The nerves of ordinary sensation are branches of the ophthalmic division (V1) and the maxillary division (V2) of the trigeminal nerve.
23. Nerve Supply of the Nasal Cavity CN I – Olfactory Nerves (SVA) Anterior ethmoidal branch of V1 Posterior nasal branches of V2 Cut nasopalatine branch of V2 to septum
24. Lymph Drainage of the Nasal Cavity The lymph vessels draining the vestibule end in the submandibular nodes. The remainder of the nasal cavity is drained by vessels that pass to the upper deep cervical nodes.
25. Clinical Notes Examination of the Nasal Cavity Trauma to the Nose Infection of the Nasal Cavity Foreign Bodies in the Nose Nose Bleeding (Epistaxis)
27. The Paranasal Sinuses The paranasal sinuses are cavities found in the interior of the maxilla, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones . They are lined with mucoperiosteum and filled with air. They communicate with the nasal cavity through relatively small apertures.
28. Drainage of Mucus and Function of Paranasal Sinuses The mucus produced by the mucous membrane is moved into the nose by ciliary action of the columnar cells. Drainage of the mucus is also achieved by the siphon action created during the blowing of the nose. Functions: Resonators of the voice They also reduce the skulls weight Help wam and moisten inhaled air Act as shock absorbers in trauma
29. Maxillary Sinus Pyramidal in shape Paired & symmetric Located within the body of the maxilla behind the skin of the cheek. The roof is formed by the floor of the orbit, and the floor is related to the roots of the 2nd premolars and 1st molar teeth. The maxillary sinus opens into the middle meatus of the nose
30. Frontal Sinuses Rarely symmetrical Contained within the frontal bone . Separated from each other by a bony septum. Each sinus is roughly triangular Extending upward above the medial end of the eyebrow and backward into the medial part of the roof of the orbit. Opens into the middle meatus
31. Sphenoidal Sinuses Lie within the body of the sphenoid bone Below sellaturcica Extends between dorsum sellae and post clinoid processes Opens into the sphenoethmoidal recess above the superior concha
32. Ethmoid Sinuses They are anterior, middle, and posterior They are contained within the ethmoid bone, between the nose and the orbit Anterior & middle Drains into middle nasal meatus Posterior Drain into superior nasal meatus Separated from the orbit by a thin plate of bone so that infection can readily spread from the sinuses into the orbit