pelvic inflammatory disease
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PID is caused by bacteria like Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrheae. C. trachomatis gains entry through breaks in the skin or mucous membranes and causes diseases like urethritis, cervicitis, salpingitis, and PID through an autoimmune response to the cHSP60 antigen. N. gonorrheae enters through sexual contact and causes acute urethritis in males seen as purulent discharge, while in females diagnosis is difficult as normal flora can appear similar. Laboratory diagnosis involves direct detection of antigens, culture, and serology of samples from the urogenital tract.
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Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) refers to any inflammation of the female upper genital tract. It is usually caused by bacteria spreading from the vagina and cervix, commonly Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Left untreated, PID can lead to serious long-term complications like infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or chronic pelvic pain. Proper diagnosis is important so that antibiotics can be used to treat the infection and prevent permanent damage. Common symptoms include pelvic pain and abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge.
Pelvic inflammatory disease ppt
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an inflammatory condition of the pelvic cavity that is usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or other microbes. It commonly affects sexually active young women and can cause long-term complications like infertility or ectopic pregnancy if left untreated. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain and vaginal discharge. Treatment involves antibiotics, bed rest, and care of any sexual partners. Nursing care focuses on monitoring, education, and supporting patients through treatment.
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Pelvic inflammatory diseases
This document discusses Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), an infection of the female reproductive organs including the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. PID is caused by bacteria spreading from the vagina or cervix into the upper reproductive organs. Common causes are the sexually transmitted infections chlamydia and gonorrhea. Symptoms include abdominal pain and abnormal discharge. Treatment involves antibiotics to prevent complications like infertility or ectopic pregnancy. Prevention focuses on screening and treatment of chlamydia, as well as testing and treating partners of those diagnosed with PID.
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract that can cause long-term complications like infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Common causes are sexually transmitted bacteria like Chlamydia and gonorrhea. Diagnosis involves examining for cervical tenderness and confirming with tests like endometrial biopsy or laparoscopy. Treatment aims to eliminate the infections with antibiotics and prevent complications through follow up testing and partner treatment. Long term risks counseling is important due to potential issues like chronic pelvic pain.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs caused by bacteria that spreads from the vagina or cervix. Common symptoms include abdominal pain and unusual discharge. Left untreated, PID can cause long-term complications like infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. PID is diagnosed based on symptoms and examination findings and treated with antibiotics. Prevention focuses on safer sex practices and STI screening/treatment to reduce risk of initial infection.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease CDC, 2010 European Guidelines, 2012
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This document provides information on Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), including its definition, epidemiology, microbiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and staging. PID is defined as an inflammatory process involving the upper female genital tract, including the endometrium, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and pelvic peritoneum. Sexually transmitted infections such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the most common causes. Clinical presentation can vary from asymptomatic to severe symptoms like pelvic pain and fever. Diagnosis is based on patient history, physical exam findings, and ruling out other potential causes through tests and imaging. Untreated PID can lead
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection and inflammation of the upper female genital tract involving the fallopian tubes and ovaries. It is usually caused by ascending infection from the cervix or vagina, often due to bacteria like Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis. Risk factors include multiple sexual partners and IUD use. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain and tenderness. Diagnosis involves clinical examination and testing for sexually transmitted infections. Treatment aims to cover common causative bacteria with antibiotic regimens. Without treatment, PID can cause long-term complications like infertility or ectopic pregnancy.
Pelvic inflammatory disease
This document provides information on Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), including its definition, epidemiology, microbiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, staging, and management. PID is an inflammatory condition of the female upper genital tract that is usually caused by sexually transmitted pathogens like Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. It is commonly associated with sexually transmitted infections and can lead to long-term complications if not properly treated. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria established by the CDC and may involve imaging and laboratory tests. Treatment involves antibiotics according to CDC guidelines.
Presentation kidney-stone final
This presentation provides an overview of kidney stones, including their incidence, types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Kidney stones, also called renal calculi, form when substances in urine crystallize and harden. The most common types are calcium and uric acid stones. Risk factors include dehydration and family history. Symptoms include flank pain and blood in the urine. Diagnosis involves tests of urine and imaging of the kidneys. Treatment focuses on pain relief, increasing fluid intake, and sometimes surgical procedures to break up or remove stones.
Renal stones
Kidney stones form when dietary minerals in urine become concentrated enough to crystallize. They are typically classified by location and chemical composition, with calcium salts and uric acid being most common. Risk factors include diet, medical conditions, and family history. Stones form through supersaturation when urine is too concentrated for minerals to remain in solution. Symptoms include flank pain, nausea, and blood in urine. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, and imaging tests like ultrasound or CT. Treatment focuses on resolving underlying causes and preventing stone recurrence.
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This document discusses renal calculi (kidney stones). It defines renal calculi and reviews the anatomy and physiology of the renal system. It examines the etiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of renal calculi. It also describes the clinical manifestations, diagnostic studies, medical and surgical management, nursing management including nursing diagnoses, and prevention of renal calculi.
Pelvic inflammatory disease by Dr.Shuchita chattree
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) refers to inflammation of the upper female genital tract. Common causes include sexually transmitted infections like Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Symptoms include abdominal and pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, fever, and painful sex. Diagnosis involves examination, testing cervical/vaginal secretions, and sometimes ultrasound. Complications can include infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. Several homeopathic remedies are discussed as treatments based on individual symptoms.
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease CDC, 2010 European Guidelines, 2012
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease CDC, 2010 European Guidelines, 2012
Pelvic inflammatory disease by Dr.Shuchita chattree
Pelvic inflammatory disease by Dr.Shuchita chattree
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Sexually transmitted diseases management
Introduction to Sexually transmitted diseases with a concentration on certain diseases like syphilis - herpes - chancroid- gonorrhoea - chamydia - bacteria vaginosis- trichomoniasis-candidiasis- human papilloma virus
Sexually transmitted infections
This document summarizes several sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including syphilis, chancroid, gonorrhea, and chlamydia. It describes the causative agents, modes of transmission, clinical presentations, investigations including smear examinations, and treatments for each STI. Key details provided include that syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum, a spirochete; chancroid presents with multiple tender ulcers and inguinal lymphadenopathy; gonorrhea causes urethral discharge and is identified by gram-negative intracellular diplococci on smear; and chlamydia is often asymptomatic but can cause urethritis.
female genital tract infection
The document discusses infections of the female genital tract caused by various etiological agents including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. It describes key microscopic and cytological features of infections caused by organisms like Chlamydia trachomatis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans, human papillomavirus, cytomegalovirus, and Trichomonas vaginalis. Infections of the female genital tract present with symptoms like abnormal vaginal discharge and can be diagnosed by examining cellular changes on microscopy and cultures.
Sexually transmitted disease
This document provides an overview of sexually transmitted diseases including their classification, causative agents, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses the anatomy of the genital tract and normal flora. Common STDs are classified as ulcerative or non-ulcerative and include diseases like gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, genital herpes, syphilis, and more. Diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, and serology. A syndromic approach is used to treat STDs based on presenting symptoms.
Neisseria by Dr. Rakesh Prasad Sah
This document provides information on the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis. It discusses their classification, characteristics, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Key points include:
- They are Gram-negative diplococci within the family Neisseriaceae. N. meningitidis is encapsulated while N. gonorrhoeae is not.
- N. meningitidis is a common cause of bacterial meningitis while N. gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea.
- Diagnosis involves culture, antigen detection and PCR. Treatment for gonorrhea is typically ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin along
Neisseria and Moraxella.pptx
Full seminar presentation on Neisseria and Moraxella.
I m sure this ppt will give you full information about this topic.
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (Neisseria spp.)
This document provides an overview of Neisseria bacteria, specifically N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae, which are pathogenic bacteria that can cause meningitis and gonorrhea, respectively, in humans. It describes their characteristics including being Gram-negative diplococci, methods for identification through microscopy, culture, biochemical tests, and serological tests. Culture methods aim to selectively grow these bacteria on specialized media like Thayer-Martin agar. Identification involves testing for catalase and oxidase production and carbohydrate utilization profiles. Newer detection methods like nucleic acid amplification tests have increased sensitivity over traditional cultures.
General parasitology
This is simplified lecture, prepared for MBBS students, Nursing students and other medical students also helpful for NEET preparation.
Reference: Essentials of Medical Microbiology by Apurba S Sastry
Sexually transmitted infections
This document discusses sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It defines STIs as communicable diseases transmitted through sexual or close bodily contact. STIs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi. Common STIs and their causative agents are described. The document outlines factors contributing to the spread of STIs and their clinical presentations. Complications of untreated STIs are also discussed. The document provides details on laboratory diagnosis and treatments for various STIs. It emphasizes the importance of prevention, control, and education in reducing the burden of STIs.
Sextually Transmitted Diseases
This document discusses sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis, and human papillomavirus (HPV). It provides information on the causes, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of each disease. Key points include that STDs can be transmitted through oral, anal, or vaginal sexual contact and have a high incidence among ages 15-50. It also summarizes that HPV is the most common STD and certain strains can cause genital warts or cancers, while gonorrhea symptoms vary by gender but may include discharge and burning during urination. Diagnosis of STDs involves tests of bodily fluids and tissue samples.
Diagnostic Testing for Bacterial STDs and UTIs
This document summarizes common laboratory tests for detecting several sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs). It describes the causative organisms, signs and symptoms, specimen collection and testing methods, and interpretation of results for syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum, gonorrhea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, and non-gonococcal urethritis. It also discusses urine testing and identification of common uropathogens like Escherichia coli using microscopy, culture, and biochemical tests.
Gonococci
Neisseria gonorrhoeae was discovered in 1879 by Albert Neisser. It is a gram-negative diplococcus that grows best in 5-10% CO2 at 35-36°C on chocolate agar. It produces catalase and oxidase and only utilizes glucose. Virulence factors include pili, porins, opacity proteins, and lipooligosaccharide. Gonorrhea causes acute urethritis and may spread to the epididymis, uterus, and joints. Diagnosis involves gram stain and culture of urethral or cervical secretions. Treatment is with ceftriaxone or cefixime. Prophylaxis includes partner treatment and safe sex education.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae-praktikum mikrobiologi.pptx
This document discusses Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacteria that causes gonorrhea. Some key points:
- N. gonorrhoeae is a Gram-negative coccus typically seen as diplococci. It is non-motile and does not form spores.
- Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by N. gonorrhoeae. It is found only in humans and asymptomatic carriers are a major reservoir.
- Symptoms and complications differ between men and women. Most men experience acute symptoms but many women are asymptomatic, allowing for silent transmission. Untreated infections can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in women.
- Diagn
Acute pelvic inflammatory disease
This document provides an overview of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). It discusses the definition, epidemiology, risk factors, microbiology, pathogenesis, stages, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, investigations, management, complications, prevention of reinfection, and follow up of PID. PID is caused by the ascending spread of microorganisms from the cervix to the upper genital tract organs. It is commonly caused by sexually transmitted organisms like N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis. Clinical features include lower abdominal and pelvic pain, fever, abnormal vaginal discharge. Management involves antibiotic therapy based on CDC guidelines to treat infection and prevent complications like infertility.
26. sexually transmitted infections
This document provides information about sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including their modes of transmission, common types of STIs, global prevalence estimates, and STI screening and management practices in clinical settings. Key points covered include the most common curable STIs worldwide being trichomoniasis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea; chlamydia and gonorrhea being the most frequently diagnosed STIs in the UK; and STIs requiring comprehensive screening and partner notification due to the risk of concurrent infections. Diagnosis and treatment approaches are described for various STIs affecting different anatomical sites.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus).pdf
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram-negative diplococcus bacteria and the cause of the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. It is typically visualized under microscopy as bean-shaped diplococci within white blood cells. N. gonorrhoeae can infect the urogenital tract as well as the pharynx, rectum, eyes, and occasionally the blood or joints. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of clinical samples for intracellular diplococci or culturing samples in an environment with carbon dioxide. Treatment recommendations include cephalosporins or azithromycin due to increasing antibiotic resistance, though some resistant strains have emerged.
Neisseria deepa
1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis are two pathogenic species of Neisseria that cause gonorrhea and meningitis in humans.
2. N. gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea, affecting the genital tract and sometimes other sites, while N. meningitidis most commonly causes meningitis and sepsis.
3. Both species are Gram-negative diplococci that can be identified via microscopy and cultured from clinical specimens. Definitive diagnosis and treatment helps control spread of these infections.
Congenital Infections & STIs.pptx
This document discusses sexually transmitted infections (STIs), their causative agents, manifestations, and laboratory diagnosis. It describes two groups of STI agents - those causing local manifestations like ulcers or discharge, and those transmitted sexually but causing only systemic effects. It outlines methods for specimen collection and various microscopy, culture, and molecular tests used to diagnose STIs caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. These include wet mount, darkfield, gram stain, Giemsa stain, culture media like Thayer-Martin, and tests like PCR. The document also covers congenital infections transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy or birth, referred to as TORCH infections, which can be caused by the same agents as STIs.
Sexually transmitted disease (STD).pptx
This pptx covers the basics of almost all stds.Use this and for sure you'll get a good score.
It is taken from very hugh yield and authenic sources.
The animations Adds further beauty to the presentation.
The animations itself are self explanatory just download and deliver you'll be very much appreciated for it no need to add further the pptx is well comprehensive.
Sexually transmitted diseases -Physiotherapy
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that can be passed from one person to another during sexual activity. Common STDs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, HIV, and syphilis. STDs are caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses or yeast. Common symptoms include abnormal discharge, painful urination, sores, and rashes. STDs can be diagnosed through blood tests, urine tests, and examination of genital secretions. Treatment depends on the specific infection but may include antibiotics, antivirals, or other medications.
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This document discusses substance use disorder classification, etiology, assessment, and management. It covers classification including intoxication, withdrawal, and psychiatric disorders. Assessment involves taking a history, mental status exam, physical exam, and testing urine and blood. Management includes residential or community-based rehabilitation, reward programs for abstinence, cognitive behavioral therapy, medication, and harm reduction strategies. Specific drugs discussed are opioids, tobacco, and their intoxication, withdrawal, and treatment approaches.
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Community psychiatry
About 25-30% of people in Nepal suffer from mental health problems, with over half seeking help from traditional healers and 39% from health workers. Mental health issues in Nepal face several problems, including a lack of integration into primary health services, high unmet demand, low policymaker awareness, no clear regulatory body, and stigma. Solutions include prevention programs at multiple levels, expanding community mental health services, and implementing the government's mental health policy which aims to improve access to psychosocial services and promote mental health awareness while protecting rights and managing health information.
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Anxiety disorder
Anxiety disorders involve feelings of fear, worry and physical symptoms. There are several types including phobic anxiety disorders like agoraphobia (fear of crowds/places away from home), social phobia (fear of social situations), and specific phobias; panic disorder characterized by unpredictable panic attacks; and generalized anxiety disorder involving persistent, excessive worry over at least three weeks without a direct cause. Treatment options include cognitive behavioral therapy and medication like SSRIs or benzodiazepines in some cases.
Alcohol use disorder
Alcohol misuse can cause social, psychological, and physical problems. It is implicated in 40% of road traffic accidents, 50% of murders, and 80% of suicides. Safe alcohol limits are 14 units per week for men and women, with 2 alcohol-free days, and no more than 3 units in a day. Alcohol intoxication, withdrawal, and dependence are classified. Withdrawal symptoms range from mild to life-threatening. Long-term effects include depression, suicide, hallucinations, and alcohol-related dementia. Treatment focuses on managing withdrawal and preventing relapse using medications, rehabilitation programs, and support groups.
Mental state examination
The MSE document outlines the components that are assessed during a mental state examination, including appearance, behavior, speech, mood and affect, thoughts, perception, cognition, and insight. The examiner makes observations about the patient's mental experience and behavior to evaluate their current mental state. Key areas that are assessed include appearance and hygiene, engagement, speech patterns, expressed and observed emotion, thought organization and content, perceptual experiences, memory, orientation, and the patient's insight into their condition.
Xeroderma pigmentosum
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meningitis
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pelvic inflammatory disease
- 2. Multiple sex partner STD *Periurethral discharge *Whitish dicharge *Dysuria,burning micturation *Vaginal discharge *Foul smelling *Yellowish discharge *No genital ulcer *No regional lymph node palpable *Cervical motion tenderness(+) *Pap smear(-) *Hysterosalping ography(normal ) Syphillis(x) LGV(x) H.ducreyi Cervical cancer(-) Antomical abnormality (-) PID INFERTILITY Gonorrhoea Chlamydia Treatment PREGNANCY
- 3. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Includes endometritis and salpingitis parametritis, salpingo-oophoritis, pelvic peritonitis and pelvic abscess. Causative organisms: Chlamydia trachomatis Neisseria gonorrheae M. Genitalium Anaerobic and facultative organism like prevotella spp., group B streptococci
- 4. Morphology Chlamydia trachomatis Small,round to ovoid organism Envelope consists of two lipid bilayers Obligate intracellular parasites which replicate in endocytic vacuoles creating characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies Neisseria gonorrhea Gram negative Diplococcus, coffee bean shaped Pilli Non motile
- 5. C. trachomatis gains entrance through breaks in the skin or infects epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the genital tract or rectum.
- 6. There is considerable similarity between cHSP60 and some proteins in humans, and human sera reactive with cHSP60 also react with an analogous human protein. Hence, serum antibodies reactive with HSP60 is associated with ectopic pregnancy, infertility as well as persistent upper genital tract infection and perihepatitis. Hence, the pathogenesis of chlamydial disease seems to be autoimmune, with cHSP60 being the sensitizing antigen.
- 8. N.Gonorrhea gains entrance by sexual contact (heterosexual, homosexual, fellatio and cunnilingus, analsex etc.)
- 9. Gonococcal urethritis Non-Gonococcal urethritis 1. Acute 1.Slow and prolonged 2. Severe dysuria 2.Mild dysuria 3. Purulent discharge 3.Urethral discharge is clear and mucoid. 4. Causative agent Neisseria gonorrhoea 4.Causative agents Chlamydia trachomatis Ureaplasma urealyticum Trichomonas vaginalis Mycoplasma hominis Mycoplasma genitalium Gardnerella vaginalis Acinetobacter lwoffi Herpes virus Cytomegalovirus Candida albicans
- 10. 1. Direct detection of antigens 2. Isolation or Culture 3. Serology for antibody detection Samples: Urethral, vaginal and cervical scrapings of mucosa. In addition blood, sputum and respiratory secretions.
- 11. Giemsa stain, reveals an intracytoplasmic elementary body of Chlamydia trachomatis in the cell to the left of the arrow.
- 14. Isolation of chlamydia is possible by yolk-sac inoculation method and tissue culture in McCoy cells (synovial carcinoma cell line) Chlamydia trachomatis in McCoy cells brown colored
- 15. Serotyping is done by detecting specific antibodies using immunofluorescene (micro-IF) method. Molecular methods: PCR Strand Displacement Amplification Target genes: Cryptic plasmid, the omp 1 gene, 16srRNA gene.
- 16. LAB DIAGNOSIS OF N.GONORRHEA Specimen: Urethral discharge Cervical discharge Centrifuged deposit of urine (if urethral discharge is not available) Throat swab
- 17. Direct Microscopy: Gram staining of smear provides a presumptive evidence of gonorrhoea in men. Gram negative intracellular diplococci and found in smear of at least 95% cases of acute gonococcal urethritis in males. In females, diagnosis of gonorrhea by smear examination is unreliable as some of the normal genital flora have similar morphology.
- 18. Culture: The specimen are inoculated into chocolate agar and incubated at 35-37ºC under 5-10% CO2 for 48 hours. In chronic cases and in mixed infection such as proctitis selective medium such as Thayer Martin medium or modified Thayer –Martin medium is used.
- 19. Superoxol test: Superoxol test is helpful in rapid presumptive identification of N. gonorrheae. Superoxol is 30% hydrogen peroxide and N. gonorrhoea produce brisk bubbling when some colonies are emulsified with 30% H2O2 reagent on glass slide. In contrast N. meningitidis and N. lactamica produce weak, delayed bubbling. Biochemical tests: Oxidase positive, ferments glucose with acid only and do not ferment maltose unlike meningococci.
- 20. CLINICAL FEATURES • CHLAMYDIA TRAHOMATIS 1.Seroars D-K assosiated with STDs and leads to uretheritis,epididymitis,cerv icitis,salpingitis,proctitis and ultimately PID 2.Reiter’s syndrome(conjunctivitis,ure theritis,arthritis) 3.LGV by serovars L1 L2 L3 • N.gonorrhea 1.Urethritis 2.Cervicitis 3.Anoretal gonorrhea 4.Pharyngealgonorrhea 5.Oclular gonorrhea 6.Gonorrhea in pregnancy 7.Gonacoccal arthritis and disseminated infection
- 22. QUARANTINE WITH YOUR VALENTINE!!!